Atomic and nuclear properties of materials:
Aluminum oxide (Sapphire, Al2O3)
QuantityValueUnits ValueUnits
<Z/A> 0.49038     
Specific gravity 3.97 g cm-3   
Minimum ionization 1.647 MeV g-1cm2 6.540 MeV cm-1
Nuclear collision length 65.5 g cm-2 16.49 cm
Nuclear interaction length 98.4 g cm-2 24.79 cm
Radiation length 27.94 g cm-2 7.038 cm
Critical energy 50.18 MeV (for e-) 48.74 MeV (for e+)
Molière radius 11.81 g cm-2 2.974 cm
Plasma energy 40.21 eV   
Muon critical energy 706. GeV   
Melting point 2327. K 2054. C
Boiling point @ 1 atm 3273. K 3000. C
Index of refraction (@ STP, Na D) 1.77     
Composition:
Elem ZAtomic frac* Mass frac*
O
8
3.00
0.470749
Al
 13
2.00
0.529251
* calculated from mass fraction data.

Explanation of some entries
For muons, dE/dx = a(E) + b(E) E. Tables of b(E): PS PDF TEXT
Table of muon dE/dx and Range: PS PDF TEXT