Atomic and nuclear properties of gel in photographic emulsion
QuantityValueUnits ValueUnits
<Z/A> 0.53973     
Specific gravity 1.291 g cm-3   
Mean excitation energy 74.8 eV   
Minimum ionization 1.926 MeV g-1cm2 2.487 MeV cm-1
Nuclear collision length 58.5 g cm-2 45.28 cm
Nuclear interaction length 83.6 g cm-2 64.70 cm
Pion collision length 85.9 g cm-2 66.54 cm
Pion interaction length 115.5 g cm-2 89.45 cm
Radiation length 39.01 g cm-2 30.21 cm
Critical energy 82.17 MeV (for e-) 79.97 MeV (for e+)
Molière radius 10.07 g cm-2 7.795 cm
Plasma energy ℏωp 24.06 eV   
Muon critical energy 1068. GeV   
Composition:
Elem ZAtomic frac* Mass frac
H
1
1.00
0.081180
C
6
0.43
0.416060
N
7
0.10
0.111240
O
8
0.30
0.380640
S
16
0.00
0.010880
* calculated from mass fraction data

For muons, dE/dx = a(E) + b(E) E. Tables of b(E): PDF TEXT
Table of muon dE/dx and Range: PDF TEXT
Explanation of some entries