Atomic and nuclear properties of heavymet in ATLAS calorimeter
QuantityValueUnits ValueUnits
<Z/A> 0.40594     
Specific gravity 19.30 g cm-3   
Mean excitation energy 727.0 eV   
Minimum ionization 1.155 MeV g-1cm2 22.29 MeV cm-1
Nuclear collision length 108.6 g cm-2 5.626 cm
Nuclear interaction length 188.0 g cm-2 9.740 cm
Pion collision length 132.3 g cm-2 6.855 cm
Pion interaction length 215.1 g cm-2 11.14 cm
Radiation length 6.93 g cm-2 0.3588 cm
Critical energy 8.25 MeV (for e-) 7.96 MeV (for e+)
Molière radius 17.79 g cm-2 0.9218 cm
Plasma energy ℏωp 80.66 eV   
Muon critical energy 154. GeV   
Composition:
Elem ZAtomic frac* Mass frac
Ni
 28
1.00
0.035000
Cu
 29
0.40
0.015000
W
74
8.67
0.950000
* calculated from mass fraction data

For muons, dE/dx = a(E) + b(E) E. Tables of b(E): PDF TEXT
Table of muon dE/dx and Range: PDF TEXT
Explanation of some entries
Note: Tungsten properties except for average Z/A used in calculations