# pdgfootnote

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HAYRAPETYAN 2024AZ search for H or H_{{{1,2}}}()0 decaying to A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- mu+ mu- using  101 -- 137 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 8 for  limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(A0) = 0.5 -- 2.7 GeV and several  choices of mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0) in a NMSSM scenario.


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HAYRAPETYAN 2024I search for the decay H --> Z A0 with A0 --> gamma gamma and Z --> lepton+ lepton-  in 138 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 7 for limits on the  product of cross section times the branching ratios for mass(A0) = 1 -- 30 GeV.


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TUMASYAN 2024A search for production of H_{{{1,2}}}()0 in association with W, Z, or  t tbar, decaying to e+ e-, mu+ mu-, or tau+ tau-, using 138 fb**-1 of p p  collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 13 for limits on cross section times branching  ratio for mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0) = 15 -- 350 GeV.  See also Figs. 16 and 17 for limits on the  mixing with the Standard Model Higgs boson.


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TUMASYAN 2024B search for H_2()0 --> H H in the final state gamma gamma b bbar using  138 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 6 (upper) for limit on  the product of production cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.26 -- 1.0 TeV.


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TUMASYAN 2024B search for production of H_{{3}}()0 decaying to H_1,2()0 H --> b bbar gamma gamma  using 138 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on  production cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{3}}()0) = 0.3 -- 1.0 TeV and  mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0) = 0.09 -- 0.8 TeV.


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AAD 2023AD search for associated production of W/Z H_2()0 with the decay chain  H_2()0 --> H H --> b bbar b bbar using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13  TeV. See their Fig. 9 for limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  260 -- 1000 GeV.


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AAD 2023AD search for gluon fusion production of A0 with the decay chain A0 --> Z H_2()0,  H_2()0 --> H H --> b bbar b bbar using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13  TeV. See their Fig. 10 for limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(A0) =  350 -- 800 GeV and mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 260 -- 400 GeV.


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AAD 2023AJ search for production of H+- in association with a top quark, followed by  H+- --> W+- A0, A0 --> invisible, using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at  Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 10 for excluded parameter regions of 2HDM + CP-odd singlet  model.


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AAD 2023BD search for a top quark decaying to q H_1,2()0 (q = u, c),   H_1,2()0 --> b bbar, using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See   their Fig. 9 for limits on production cross section times branching ratios for  mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0) =  20 -- 160 GeV.


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AAD 2023BE search for associated production of H_2()0 W and decay H_2()0 --> W+ W-  assuming the presence of higher dimensional H_2()0 W+ W- interactions, using 139 fb**-1 of  p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 6 for excluded parameter region of higher  dimensional operators, and Fig. 7 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for  mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.3 -- 1.5 TeV.


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AAD 2023BG search for production of H_{{2}}()0/A0 in association with a t tbar pair,  decaying to t tbar, using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See  their Fig. 7 for limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = mass(A0) =  0.4 -- 1.0 TeV.


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AAD 2023BW search for A0 production in association with a t tbar pair, decaying to  mu+ mu-, using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5(a)  for limits on production cross section times branching ratio for mass(A0) = 15 -- 72 GeV.


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AAD 2023BX search for production of H --> tau+ tau- with missing transverse momentum  using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for  interpretation of the data in terms of 2HDM + a model.


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AAD 2023CA search for production of H_{{3}}()0 decaying to H_2()0 H, H_2()0 --> W+ W-  or Z Z, and H --> tau+ tau- using 140 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13  TeV. See their Figs. 4, 5 for limits on production cross section times branching ratios in the  ranges mass(H_{{3}}()0) = 0.5 -- 1.5 TeV and mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 -- 0.5 TeV.


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AAD 2023CR search for H_{{2}}()0 having flavor-violating couplings to t c or t u,  produced in association with top quark(s), using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm  = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 14 for limits on production cross section times branching ratios for  mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 -- 1.5 TeV with various assumptions on the flavor-changing couplings.


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AAD 2023O search for production of an A0 in gluon-gluon fusion and in association with a    b bbar, decaying to Z H in the final states nu nubar b bbar and lepton+ lepton- b bbar  using   139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for limits on  cross   section times branching ratio for mass(A0) = 0.22 -- 2.0 TeV, and Fig. 11 for  limits with both production components.


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AAD 2023R search for the decay A0 --> gamma gamma in 138 fb**-1 of p p collisions  at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 7 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for  mass(A0) = 10 -- 70 GeV.


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AAD 2023U search for the decay H_2()0 --> Z gamma with Z decaying hadronically in 139   fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8(a) for limits on   production cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 1.0 -- 6.8 TeV.


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AAD 2023Z search for the decay chain H_2()0 --> H H --> b bbar tau+ tau- using 139  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 10 for limits on the  product of production cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.251 -- 1.6  TeV.


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HAYRAPETYAN 2023C search for H_1,2()0 --> e mu using 138 fb**-1 of p p  collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on production cross section times  branching ratio for mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0) = 110 -- 160 GeV.


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HAYRAPETYAN 2023G search for dimuon resonance in the mass range 1.1 -- 2.6 or  4.2 -- 7.9 GeV in 96.6 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV, in inclusive  and high p_{{T}} selections. See their Fig. 5 for cross section times branching ratio limits and  Fig. 7 for mixing angle limits in two Higgs doublet plus singlet model (at 90% CL).


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TUMASYAN 2023 search for production of H_{{3}}()0 decaying to H_1,2()0 H --> b bbar b bbar using    138 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 4 for limits on    production cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{3}}()0) = 0.9 -- 4.0 TeV and    mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0) = 60 -- 600 GeV, and their interpretation in the NMSSM and the Two Real  Singlet Model (TRSM).


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TUMASYAN 2023M search for the decay chain H --> A0 A0 --> gamma gamma gamma gamma in 132  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 6 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio in the range mass(A0) = 15 -- 62 GeV.


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TUMASYAN 2023O search for H_2()0 --> H H, each H decaying to either W W^* or  tau+ tau- using 138 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 14  (upper) for limit on the product of production cross section times branching ratios for  mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.25 -- 1.0 TeV.


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TUMASYAN 2023S search for gluon fusion and b-associated production of H_{{{1,2}}}()0   decaying  to tau+ tau- using 138 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See   their Fig.  10 for limits on production cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0)   =  0.06 -- 3.5 TeV.


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AAD 2022A search for the decay chain H --> A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- b bbar in 139 fb**-1 of  p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for limits on the overall branching  fraction in the range mass(A0) = 16 -- 62 GeV. See also Fig. 11 for limits without assuming  A0 is pseudoscalar.


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AAD 2022D search for Z A0 associate production with Z --> lepton+ lepton-,  A0   decaying invisibly, in 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See  their Fig.  5  for excluded regions in the mass parameter space of two Higgs doublet plus singlet (2HDM+A0)  model with a  certain choice of the model parameters.


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AAD 2022F search for gluon fusion production of H_{{2}}()0 decaying to H H --> b bbar b bbar  using 126 -- 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. B(H --> b bbar) =  0.582 is assumed. See their Fig. 14 for limit on the product of production cross section times  branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.251 -- 5.0 TeV.


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AAD 2022I search for Z H associate production with the decay chain H --> chitilde_2()0 chitilde_1()0,  chitilde_2()0 --> A0 chitilde_1()0, A0 --> b bbar, and Z --> lepton+ lepton-, in 139  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Figs. 3 and 4 for limits on the  product of cross section times the branching ratios for mass(A0) = 20 -- 65 GeV with  various choices of NMSSM model parameters.


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AAD 2022J search for the decay H --> Z A0 with A0 --> mu+ mu- and Z --> e+ e-,  mu+ mu- in 139 fb**-1 of  p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV assuming SM gluon-gluon  fusion production of the H. See their Fig. 17(b) for limits on the   product of cross  section  times the branching ratios for mass(A0) = 15 -- 30 GeV.


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AAD 2022J search for the decay H --> A0 A0 with A0 --> mu+ mu- in 139 fb**-1 of    p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV assuming SM gluon-gluon fusion production of the H  in the range of mass(A0) = 1 -- 60 GeV .  See their Fig. 14(b) for limits on the product of  cross  section times the branching ratios for  mass(A0) = 1.5 -- 60 GeV (excluding psi  and  Upsilon regions). The limit also  applies to the decay H --> H_1()0 H_1()0.


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AAD 2022P search for invisibly decaying H_{{1}}()0, H_{{2}}()0 produced by vector boson  fusion in 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. Limit on the product of cross  section times branching ratio in the range 0.1 -- 1 pb (95% CL) is given for the mass  range 0.05 -- 2 TeV. See their Fig. 14.


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AAD 2022Y search for gluon fusion production of H_{{2}}()0 decaying to H H --> b bbar gamma gamma  in 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 15 for limit on the  product of production cross section times branching ratios to H H for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  0.251 -- 1.0 TeV.


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ABRATENKO 2022A search for a singlet scalar boson H_{{1}}()0 having a small mixing with the   SM Higgs boson in the decay chain K+ --> H_1()0 pi+, H_1()0 --> mu+ mu- from data   corresponding to 7.01E20 protons on NuMI target. See their Fig. 13 (right) and Table V for  limits on  the SM Higgs component of H_{{1}}()0 for mass(H_{{1}}()0) = 212 -- 279 MeV.


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TUMASYAN 2022AK search for gluon-fusion production of H_{{3}}()0 decaying to H_1()0 H_1()0 --> b bbar b bbar  in 138 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 5 for limits on  cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{3}}()0) = 1 -- 3 TeV, mass(H_{{1}}()0) =  25 -- 100 GeV.


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TUMASYAN 2022D search for production of an H_{{2}}()0 (denoted radion in the paper) in gluon  fusion and vector boson fusion, decaying to W+ W- in the final states lepton nu + hadrons,  using 137 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on  cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 1.0 -- 4.5 TeV.


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AAD 2021AF search for production of a heavy H_{{2}}()0 state decaying to Z Z in the final     states lepton+ lepton- lepton^'()+ lepton^'()- and lepton+ lepton- nu nubar in 139    fb**-1 of  p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for upper limits on cross    section times  branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 -- 2.0 TeV assuming ggF or VBF with  narrow width approximation, and  Fig. 5 for upper limits on cross section times branching ratio for  mass(H_{{2}}()0) =   0.4 -- 2.0 TeV  assuming ggF, and with several assumptions on its width.


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AAD 2021AI search for production of an A0 in gluon-gluon fusion and in association with a  b bbar, decaying to Z H_2()0 --> lepton+ lepton- b bbar or lepton+ lepton- W+ W- in 139  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Figs. 9 and 13 for cross section  limits for mass(A0) = 230 -- 800 GeV and mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 130 -- 700 GeV.


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AAD 2021AY search for production of a scalar resonance decaying to gamma gamma in 139  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5(a) for limits on fiducial  cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.16 -- 3 TeV with narrow width  approximation, and Table 2 with several assumptions on the width.


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AAD 2021AZ search for production of A_{{2}}()0 decaying to H A_1()0 followed by H --> gamma gamma,  A_1()0 --> invisible in 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their  Figs. 10 -- 12 for limits in terms of two-Higgs-doublet model plus singlet pseudoscalar and  a fermionic Dark Matter particle.


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AAD 2021BB search for production of A_{{2}}()0 by gluon fusion or associated A_2()0 b bbar  production, decaying to H A_1()0 followed by H --> b bbar, A_1()0 --> invisible in  139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits in terms of  two-Higgs-doublet plus singlet pseudoscalar model.


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AAD 2021BE search for production of A_{{1}}()0 associated with a single top quark and either  a light quark or a W boson, decaying  to invisible final states, in 139 fb**-1 of p p  collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their  Figs. 13 -- 15 for limits in terms of  two-Higgs-doublet model plus singlet pseudoscalar,  which is assumed to decay to a pair of Dark  Matter particles.


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ABRATENKO 2021 search for a singlet scalar boson H_{{1}}()0 having a small mixing with the  SM Higgs boson in the decay chain K+ --> H_1()0 pi+, H_1()0 --> e+ e- from data  corresponding to 1.93E20 protons on NuMI target. See their Fig. 2 for limits on the SM Higgs  component of H_{{1}}()0 for mass(H_{{1}}()0) = 3 -- 210 MeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2021A search for H_2()0 --> Z A0 with Z --> lepton+ lepton-, A0 decaying  invisibly, in 137 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 8 for  excluded regions in the mass parameter space of two Higgs doublet plus singlet model with a certain  choice of the model parameters.


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TUMASYAN 2021F search for gluon fusion production of H_{{3}}()0 decaying to H H_1,2()0 --> tau+ tau- b bbar   in 137  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Figs. 5 and 6 for limits   on cross  section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{1,2}}()0) = 0.06 -- 2.8 TeV and   mass(H_{{3}}()0) =  0.24 -- 3.0 TeV.


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AAD 2020AA search for H_{{2}}()0/A0 --> tau+ tau- produced by gluon fusion or  b-associated production using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See  their Fig. 2(a), 2(b) for limits on the product of cross section and branching ratio for  mass(H_{{2}}()0), mass(A0) = 0.2 -- 2.5 TeV.


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AAD 2020AI search for Z H production followed by the decay H --> A0 A0 --> b bbar b bbar in  36 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. The search looks for collimated A0 --> b bbar  decays and is complementary to AABOUD 2018BX.   See their Fig. 10 for limits on the product  of production cross section and branching ratios in the range mass(A0) = 15 -- 30 GeV.


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AAD 2020AO search for gluon fusion production of H_{{2}}()0 decaying to H H --> tau+ tau- b bbar  (with hadronically decaying tau+ tau-) using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm  = 13 TeV.  Limit on the product of production cross section times branching ratios in the range  28 -- 817 fb (95% CL) is given for mass(A0) = 1.0 -- 3.0 TeV, see their Fig.  13.


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AAD 2020C combine searches for a scalar resonance decaying to H H in 36.1 fb**-1 of  p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV from AABOUD 2019A, AABOUD 2019O, AABOUD 2018CQ,  AABOUD 2019T, AABOUD 2018CW, and AABOUD 2018BU. See their Fig. 5(a) for limits on  cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.26 -- 3 TeV.


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AAD 2020L search for b-associated production of H_{{2}}()0 decaying to b bbar in 27.8  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 8 for limits on the product  of cross section and branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.45 -- 1.4 TeV.


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AAD 2020X search for vector-boson-fusion production of H_{{2}}()0 decaying to H H using  126 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 5 for limits on the  product of cross section and branching ratio for the assumptions of a narrow- and broad-width  resonance.


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AAIJ 2020AL search for dimuon resonance in the mass range 0.2 -- 60 GeV in 5.1  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV, in inclusive and b quark associated  production.  Displaced decays are searched for for masses below 3 GeV.  See their Figs. 7 -- 9 for  cross section limits and Fig. 10 for limits for mixing angle in two Higgs doublet plus singlet  model (at 90% CL).


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SIRUNYAN 2020 search for the decay H --> A0 A0 --> tau+ tau- tau+ tau- or tau+ tau- mu+ mu- in  35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 10 for limits on the  product of production cross section (normalized to the SM) and branching ratios in the range  mass(A0) = 4 -- 15 GeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2020AA search for H_2()0 --> Z A0, A0 --> b bbar or  A0 --> Z H_2()0,  H_2()0 --> b bbar in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their  Fig. 7 for limits on the product of cross section and branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  0.12 -- 1 TeV and mass(A0) = 0.03 -- 1 TeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2020AC search for gluon-fusion production of A0 decaying to Z H in 35.9  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 5 for limits on the product  of cross section and branching ratios for mass(A0) = 220 -- 400 GeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2020AD search for lepton-flavor violating decays H_2()0 --> mu tau , e tau of  gluon-fusion-produced H_{{2}}()0 in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.   See their Fig. 5 (9) and Table 5 (6) for limits on production cross section times branching ratio  for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 -- 0.9 TeV for the mu tau (e tau) final state.


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SIRUNYAN 2020AF search for H_{{2}}()0/A0 --> t tbar with one or two charged leptons in  the final state using kinematic variables in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm =  13 TeV. See their Figs. 5 and 6 for limits on top Yukawa coupling of H_{{2}}()0 and A0 for  mass(H_{{2}}()0), mass(A0) = 0.4 -- 0.75 TeV for various width assumptions.


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SIRUNYAN 2020AP search for the decay H or H_2()0 --> A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- tau+ tau-  (for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 300 GeV) with boosted final-state topology in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p  collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on the product of production cross  section (normalized to the SM) and branching ratios in the range mass(A0) = 3.6 -- 21 GeV,  and Figs. 8 and 9 for its interpretation in terms of models with two Higgs doublets plus a singlet.


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SIRUNYAN 2020Y search for gluon-fusion and vector-boson-fusion production of H_{{2}}()0  decaying to W+ W- in the final states lepton nu lepton nu and lepton nu q q in 35.9  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 6 for limits on the product  of cross section and branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 -- 3 TeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2020Z search for H_{{{1,2}}}()0 or A0 production in association with a t tbar pair,  decaying to e+ e- or mu+ mu-,  in 137 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13  TeV.  See their Fig. 12 for limits on production cross section times branching ratio for  mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0), mass(A0) = 15 -- 75 GeV and 108 -- 340 GeV.


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AABOUD 2019A search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar b bbar in  27.5 -- 36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9(a) for  limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.26 -- 3 TeV.


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AABOUD 2019AG search for the decay H --> A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- b bbar in 36.7 fb**-1 of  p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 6 (a) for limits on the product of  production cross section (normalized to the SM) and branching ratios in the range mass(A0) =  20 -- 60 GeV.


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AABOUD 2019O search for a scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar W W^* in 36.1  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 12 (left) for limits on  cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.5 -- 3 TeV.


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AABOUD 2019T search for a scalar resonance decaying to H H --> W W^* W W^* in 36.1  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 260 -- 500 GeV, assuming SM decay rates  for the H.


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AABOUD 2019V combine published ATLAS data to constrain two-Higgs-doublet plus singlet  pseudoscalar model with A_{{1}}()0 decaying to invisible final states. See their Fig. 19 for  excluded parameter regions.


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AABOUD 2019Y search for a narrow scalar resonance produced by gluon fusion or b  associated production, decaying to mu+ mu- in 36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at  Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Figs. 4 and 5(a) for cross section limits for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  0.2 -- 1.0 TeV.


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AALTONEN 2019 search for b associated production of a scalar particle decaying to b bbar in 5.4  fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV.  See their Fig. 3 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0) = 100 -- 300 GeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2019 search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> gamma gamma b bbar in 35.9  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 (left) for limits on cross  section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 260 -- 900 GeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2019AE search for a scalar resonance produced in association with a b bbar pair,  decaying to tau+ tau- in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See  their Fig. 4 for cross section limits for mass(A0) = 25 -- 70 GeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2019AN search for production of A_{{2}}()0 decaying to H A_1()0 followed by  H --> b bbar, A_1()0 --> invisible in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm =  13 TeV, in the mass range mass(A_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 -- 1.6 TeV, mass(A_{{1}}()0) = 0.15 -- 0.5  TeV.  See their Fig. 6 for limits in terms of two-Higgs-doublet plus singlet pseudoscalar model.


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SIRUNYAN 2019AV search for a scalar resonance produced by gluon fusion or b-associated  production, decaying to Z H --> lepton+ lepton- b bbar (lepton = e, mu) or nu nubar b bbar in 35.9  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for cross section limits  for mass(A0) = 0.22 -- 1.0 TeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2019B search for gluon fusion production of narrow scalar resonance with large  transverse momentum, decaying to b bbar, in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm  = 13 TeV.  See their Figs. 7 and 8 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for the  resonance mass of 50 -- 350 GeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2019BB search for the decay H_1()0 --> gamma gamma in 19.7 fb**-1 of p p  collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV and 35.9 fb**-1 at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Figs.  4 -- 6 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{1}}()0) = 80 -- 110 GeV  (some results in Fig. 5 for mass(H_{{1}}()0) = 70 -- 110 GeV).


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SIRUNYAN 2019BD search for the decay H --> A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- b bbar in 35.9 fb**-1  of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on the product of  cross section times branching ratios in the range mass(A0) = 20 -- 62.5 GeV. See also their  Figs. 6 and 7 for interpretation of the data in terms of models with two Higgs doublets and a  singlet.


pdgid: S055H2O
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SIRUNYAN 2019BE combine searches for H_2()0 --> H H in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p  collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV in various H decay modes, from SIRUNYAN 2018A,  SIRUNYAN 2018AF, SIRUNYAN 2018CW, SIRUNYAN 2019, and SIRUNYAN 2019H.  See  their Fig. 3 for limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.25 -- 3 TeV.


pdgid: S055H2O
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SIRUNYAN 2019BQ search for production of H_{{{1,2}}}()0 decaying to A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- mu+ mu- in  35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 2 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0) = 90 -- 150 GeV, mass(A0) = 0.25 -- 3.55  GeV.


pdgid: S055H2O
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SIRUNYAN 2019CR search for production of H_2()0 / A0 in gluon fusion and in association  with a b bbar pair, decaying to mu+ mu- in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at  Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 6 for limits on cross section times branching ratio.


pdgid: S055H2O
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SIRUNYAN 2019H search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar b bbar  in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV, where one b bbar pair is  resolved and the other not. Limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  0.75 -- 1.6 TeV are obtained and combined with data from SIRUNYAN 2018AF.  See their  Fig. 5 (right).


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AABOUD 2018AA search for production of a scalar resonance decaying to Z gamma, with Z  decaying hadronically, in 36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their  Fig. 8(a) for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 1.0 -- 6.8  TeV.


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AABOUD 2018AG search for the decay H --> A0 A0 --> gamma gamma g g in 36.7 fb**-1 of  p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 2 and Table 6 for cross section limits in  the range mass(A0) = 20 -- 60 GeV.


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AABOUD 2018AH search for production of an A0 in gluon-gluon fusion and in association  with a b bbar, decaying to Z H_2()0 --> lepton+ lepton- b bbar in 36.1 fb**-1 of p p  collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 5 for cross section limits for mass(A0) =  230 -- 800 GeV and mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 130 -- 700 GeV.


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AABOUD 2018AI search for production of an A0 in gluon-gluon fusion and in association  with a b bbar, decaying to Z H in the final states nu nubar b bbar and lepton+ lepton- b bbar in 36.1  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 6 for cross section limits  for mass(A0) = 0.2 -- 2 TeV. See also AABOUD 2018CC.


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AABOUD 2018BF search for production of a heavy H_{{2}}()0 state decaying to Z Z in the  final states lepton+ lepton- lepton+ lepton- and lepton+ lepton- nu nubar in 36.1  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 6 for upper limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 -- 1.2 TeV assuming ggF or VBF with  the NWA. See their Fig. 7 for upper limits  on cross section times branching ratio for  mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.4 -- 1.0 TeV assuming ggF, and with several assumptions on its width.


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AABOUD 2018BU search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> gamma gamma W W^* in 36.1  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on cross  section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 260 -- 500 GeV.


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AABOUD 2018BX search for associated production of W H or Z H followed by the decay  H --> A0 A0 --> b bbar b bbar in 36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 9 for limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(A0) = 20 -- 60  GeV.  See also their Fig. 10 for the dependence of the limit on A0 lifetime.


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AABOUD 2018CQ search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar tau+ tau-  in 36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 2 (above) for limits  on cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 260 -- 1000 GeV.


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AABOUD 2018F search for production of a narrow scalar resonance decaying to W+ W- and  Z Z, followed by hadronic decays of W and Z, in 36.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions  at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5(c) for limits on cross section times branching ratio for  mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 1.2 -- 3.0 TeV.


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AAIJ 2018AM search for gluon-fusion production of H_{{{1,2}}}()0 decaying to mu tau in 2  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV.  See their Fig. 2 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{{1,2}}}()0) = 45 -- 195 GeV.


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AAIJ 2018AQ search for gluon-fusion production of a scalar particle A0 decaying to mu+ mu- in 1.99 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV and 0.98 fb**-1 at Ecm = 7  TeV.  See their Fig. 4 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for  mass(A0) =  5.5 -- 15 GeV (using the Ecm = 8 TeV data set).


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AAIJ 2018AQ search for the decay H --> A0 A0, with one of the A0  decaying to mu+ mu-, in 1.99 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV and 0.98 fb**-1 at Ecm = 7  TeV.  See their Fig. 5 (right) for limits on the product of branching ratios for  mass(A0) =  5.5 -- 15 GeV (using the Ecm = 8 TeV data set).


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SIRUNYAN 2018AF search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar b bbar  in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV, where both b bbar pairs are not  resolved. See their Fig. 9 for limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  0.75 -- 3 TeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2018BA search for production of a heavy H_{{2}}()0 state decaying to Z Z in the  final states lepton+ lepton- lepton+ lepton-, lepton+ lepton- q qbar, and lepton+ lepton- nu nubar in 35.9  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Figs. 10 and 11 for upper limits  on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.13 -- 3 TeV with several  assumptions on its width and on the fraction of Vector-Boson-Fusion of the total production cross  section.


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SIRUNYAN 2018CW search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar b bbar  in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV, where both b bbar pairs are  resolved. See their Fig. 9 for limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  260 -- 1200 GeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2018DK search for production of a scalar resonance decaying to Z gamma, with  Z decaying to lepton+ lepton- or hadronically, in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at  Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for  mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.35 -- 4 TeV for different assumptions on the width of the resonance.


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SIRUNYAN 2018DT search for the decay H --> A0 A0 --> tau+ tau- b bbar in 35.9 fb**-1  of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on the product of  branching ratios in the range mass(A0) = 15 -- 60 GeV. See also their Fig. 8 for  interpretation of the data in terms of models with two Higgs doublets and a singlet.


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SIRUNYAN 2018DU search for production of a narrow scalar resonance decaying to gamma gamma in 35.9  fb**-1 (taken in 2016) of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 3 (right)  for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.5 -- 5 TeV for  several values of its width-to-mass ratio.


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SIRUNYAN 2018ED search for production of an A0 in gluon-gluon fusion and in association  with a b bbar, decaying to Z H in the final states nu nubar b bbar or lepton+ lepton- b bbar  in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for cross section  limits for mass(A0) = 0.8 -- 2 TeV.


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SIRUNYAN 2018EE search for the decay H --> A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- tau+ tau- in 35.9  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on the product  of branching ratios in the range mass(A0) = 15 -- 62.5 GeV, normalized to the SM production  cross section. See also their Fig. 5 for interpretation of the data in terms of models with two  Higgs doublets and a singlet.


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SIRUNYAN 2018F search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> W W  b bbar or  Z Z b bbar in the final state lepton lepton nu nu b bbar in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p  collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on cross section times branching  ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 250 -- 900 GeV.


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AABOUD 2017 search for production of a scalar resonance decaying to Z gamma in 3.2  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 4 for the limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.25 -- 3.0 TeV.


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AABOUD 2017AP search for production of a scalar resonance decaying to gamma gamma in 36.7  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 4(a) for limits on fiducial  cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 -- 2.7 TeV with narrow width  approximation.


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AABOUD 2017AW search for production of a scalar resonance decaying to Z gamma in 36.1  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.25 -- 2.4 TeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2017AZ search for the decay H --> A0 A0 --> tau+ tau- tau+ tau-, mu+ mu- b bbar,  and mu+ mu- tau+ tau- in 19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their  Figs. 4, 5, and 6 for cross section limits in the range mass(A0) = 5 -- 62.5 GeV. See also  their Figs. 7, 8, and 9 for interpretation of the data in terms of models with two Higgs doublets  and a singlet.


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KHACHATRYAN 2017D search for production of a scalar resonance decaying to Z gamma in 19.7  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV and 2.7 fb**-1 at Ecm = 13 TeV. See  their Figs. 3 and 4 for the limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  0.2 -- 2.0 TeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2017R search for production of a narrow scalar resonance decaying to gamma gamma in  12.9 fb**-1 (taken in 2016) of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 2 for  limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.5 -- 4.5 TeV for several  values of its width-to-mass ratio. Limits from combination with KHACHATRYAN 2016M are shown  in their Figs. 4 and 6.


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SIRUNYAN 2017CN search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar tau+ tau- in 18.3  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 5 (above) and Table II for  limits on the cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.3 -- 1 TeV, and  Fig. 6 (above) and Table III for the corresponding limits by combining with data from  KHACHATRYAN 2016BQ and KHACHATRYAN 2015R.


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SIRUNYAN 2017Y search for production of a scalar resonance decaying to Z gamma in 19.7  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV and 2.7 fb**-1 at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Figs. 3, 4 and Table 3 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for  mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.7 -- 3.0 TeV, and Fig. 5 for the corresponding limits for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  0.2 -- 3.0 TeV from combination with KHACHATRYAN 2017D data.


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AABOUD 2016AB search for associated production of W H with the decay H --> A0 A0 --> b bbar b bbar in  3.2 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on cross  section times branching ratios for mass(A0) = 20 -- 60 GeV.


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AABOUD 2016AE search for production of a narrow scalar resonance decaying to W+ W- and  Z Z in 3.2 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 4 for limits  on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.5 -- 3 TeV.


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AABOUD 2016H search for production of a scalar resonance decaying to gamma gamma in 3.2  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 12 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 -- 2 TeV with different assumptions on  the width.


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AABOUD 2016I search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar b bbar in  3.2 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 10(c) for limits on  cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.5 -- 3 TeV.


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AAD 2016AX search for production of a heavy H state decaying to Z Z in the final states lepton+ lepton- lepton+ lepton-, lepton+ lepton- nu nubar, lepton+ lepton- q qbar,  andnu nubar q qbar in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their  Fig.12 for upper limits on CS(H) B(H --> Z Z) for mass(H) ranging from 140 GeV to  1000 GeV.


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AAD 2016C search for production of a heavy H state decaying to W+ W- in the final    states lepton nu lepton nu and lepton nu q q in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV.  See their Figs. 12, 13, and 16 for upper limits on CS(H) B(H --> W+ W-) for mass(H) ranging from 300 GeV to 1000 or 1500 GeV with various assumptions on the total width of H.


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AAD 2016L search for the decay H --> A0 A0 --> gamma gamma gamma gamma in 20.3  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 4 (upper right) for limits on  cross section times branching ratios (normalized to the SM H cross section) for mass(A0) =  10 -- 60 GeV.


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AAD 2016L search for the decay H_2()0 --> A0 A0 --> gamma gamma gamma gamma in 20.3  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 4 (lower right) for limits on  cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 600 GeV and mass(A0) = 10 -- 245  GeV, and Table 5 for limits for mass(H_{{2}}()0)= 300 and 900 GeV.


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AALTONEN 2016C search for electroweak associated production of H_1()0 H+- followed by the  decays H+- --> H_1()0 W^*, H_1()0 --> gamma gamma for mass(H_{{1}}()0) = 10 -- 105 GeV  and mass(H+-) = 30 -- 300 GeV.  See their Fig. 3 for excluded parameter region in a  two-doublet model in which H_{{1}}()0 has no direct decay to fermions.


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KHACHATRYAN 2016BG search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar b bbar in 19.7  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 6 for limits on the cross  section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 1.15 -- 3 TeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2016BQ search for a resonance decaying to H H --> gamma gamma b bbar in  19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for limits on the  cross section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.26 -- 1.1 TeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2016F search for the decay H --> H_1()0 H_1()0 --> tau+ tau- tau+ tau- in  19.7 fb**-1 of p  p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for cross section  limits for mass(H_{{1}}()0) = 4 -- 8 GeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2016M search for production of a narrow resonance decaying to gamma gamma in  19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV and 3.3 fb**-1 at Ecm = 13  TeV.  See their Fig. 3 (top) for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  0.5 -- 4 TeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2016P search for gluon fusion production of an H_{{2}}()0 decaying to H H --> b bbar tau+ tau-  in 19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 8 (lower right) for  cross section limits for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 260 -- 350 GeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2016P search for gluon fusion production of an A0 decaying to Z H --> lepton+ lepton- tau+ tau- in  19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 10 for cross section  limits for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 220 -- 350 GeV.


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AAD 2015BK search for production of a heavy H_{{2}}()0 decaying to H H in the final  state b bbar b bbar in 19.5 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their  Fig. 14(c) for CS(H_{{2}}()0) B(H_2()0 --> H H) for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 500 -- 1500 GeV  with width(H_{{2}}()0) = 1 GeV.


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AAD 2015BZ search for the decay H --> A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- tau+ tau- (mass(H) = 125 GeV)   in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 6 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(A0) = 3.7 -- 50 GeV.


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AAD 2015BZ search for a state H_{{2}}()0 via the decay H_2()0 --> A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- tau+ tau- in   20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 6 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 100 -- 500 GeV and mass(A0) = 5 GeV.


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AAD 2015CE search for production of a heavy H_{{2}}()0 decaying to H H in the  final states b bbar tau+ tau- and gamma gamma W W^* in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p  collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV and combine with data from AAD 2015H and AAD 2015BK. A  limit CS(H_{{2}}()0) B(H_2()0 --> H H) < 2.1 -- 0.011 pb (95% CL) is  given for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 260 -- 1000 GeV. See their Fig. 6.


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AAD 2015H search for production of a heavy H_{{2}}()0 decaying to H H in the finalstate  gamma gamma b bbar in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV.A limit of  CS(H_{{2}}()0) B(H_2()0 --> H H) < 3.5 -- 0.7 pb is given for mass(H_{{2}}()0) =  260 -- 500 GeV at 95% CL. See their Fig. 3.


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AAD 2015S search for production of A0 decaying to Z H --> lepton+ lepton- b bbar, nu nubar b bbar and   lepton+ lepton- tau+ tau- in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at  Ecm = 8 TeV.  See   their Fig. 3 for cross section limits for mass(A0) = 200 -- 1000  GeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2015AW search for production of a heavy state H_2^0 of an electroweak singlet  extension of the Standard Model via the decays of H_2^0 to W+ W- and Z Z  in up to 5.1  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV and up to 19.7 fb**-1 at Ecm = 8  TeV in the range mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 145 -- 1000 GeV. See their Figs. 8 and 9 for limits in the  parameter space of the model.


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KHACHATRYAN 2015BB search for production of a resonance H decaying to   gamma gamma  in    19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV.  See their Fig. 7 for limits on  cross section times branching ratio for mass(H) = 150 -- 850 GeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2015N search for production of A0 decaying to  Z H --> lepton+ lepton- b bbar in  19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on cross  section times branching ratios for mass(A0) = 225 -- 600 GeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2015O search for production of a high-mass narrow resonance A0 decaying to Z H --> q qbar tau+ tau- in 19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV.  See their Fig. 6 for limits on cross section times branching ratios for mass(A0) = 800 -- 2500 GeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2015R search for a narrow scalar resonance decaying to H H --> b bbar b bbar in 17.9  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 5 (top) for limits on cross  section times branching ratios for mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.27 -- 1.1 TeV.


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AAD 2014AP search for a second H state decaying to gamma gamma in addition to the state at about 125 GeV in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H) = 65 -- 600 GeV.


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AAD 2014M search for the decay cascade H_2()0 --> H+- W-+ --> H W+- W-+, H decaying  to b bbar in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Table III  for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0)= 325 -- 1025 GeV and  mass(H+)= 225 -- 925 GeV.


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CHATRCHYAN 2014G search for a second H state decaying to W W^(*)() in addition to the observed signal at about 125 GeV using 4.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV and 19.4 fb**-1 at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 21 (right) for cross section limits in the mass range 110 -- 600 GeV.


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KHACHATRYAN 2014P search for a second H state decaying to gamma gamma in addition to the observed signal at about 125 GeV using 5.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV and 19.7 fb**-1 at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Figs. 27 and 28 for cross section limits in the mass range 110 -- 150 GeV.


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AALTONEN 2013P search for production of a heavy Higgs boson H^'()0 that decays into a charged Higgs boson H+- and a lighter Higgs boson H via the decay chain H^'()0 --> H+- W-+, H+- --> W+- H, H --> b bbar in the final state lepton nu plus 4 jets in 8.7 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on cross section times branching ratio in the mass(H+-)-mass(H^'()0) plane for mass(H) = 126 GeV.


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CHATRCHYAN 2013BJ search for H production in the decay chain H --> A0 A0, A0 --> mu+ mu- in 5.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. See their Fig. 2 for limits on cross section times branching ratio.


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ABBIENDI 2010 search for e+ e- --> Z H with the decay chain H --> chitilde_1()0 chitilde_2()0, chitilde_2()0 --> chitilde_1()0 + (gamma or Z^*()), when chitilde_{{1}}()0 and chitilde_{{2}}()0 are nearly degenerate. For a mass difference of 2 (4) GeV, a lower limit on mass(H) of 108.4 (107.0) GeV (95% CL) is obtained for SM Z H cross section and B(H --> chitilde_1()0 chitilde_2()0) = 1.


pdgid: S055H2O
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SCHAEL 2010 search for the process e+ e- -->  H Z followed by the decay chain  H --> A0 A0 --> tau+ tau- tau+ tau- with Z --> lepton+ lepton-, nu nubar at Ecm = 183 -- 209 GeV. For a H Z Z coupling equal to the SM value, B(H --> A0 A0) = B(A0 --> tau+ tau-) = 1, and mass(A0) = 4 -- 10 GeV,  mass(H) up to 107 GeV is excluded at 95% CL.


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ABAZOV 2009V search for H production followed by the decay chain H --> A0 A0 --> mu+ mu- mu+ mu- or mu+ mu- tau+ tau- in 4.2 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on sigma(H).B(H --> A0 A0) for mass(A0) = 3.6 -- 19 GeV.


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ABBIENDI 2004K search for e+ e- --> H Z with H decaying to two jets of any flavor including g g.  The limit is for SM production cross section with B(H --> j j) = 1.


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ABDALLAH 2004 consider the full combined LEP and LEP2 datasets to set limits on the Higgs coupling to W or Z bosons, assuming SM decays of the Higgs. Results in Fig. 26.


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ACHARD 2004B search for e+ e- --> H Z with H decaying to b bbar, c cbar, or g g.  The limit is for SM production cross section with B(H --> j j) = 1.


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ACHARD 2004F search for H with anomalous coupling to gauge boson pairs in the processes e+ e- --> H gamma, e+ e- H, H Z with decays H --> f fbar, gamma gamma, Z gamma, and W^* W at Ecm = 189 -- 209 GeV. See paper for limits.


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ABBIENDI 2003F search for H --> anything in e+ e- --> H Z, using the recoil mass spectrum of Z --> e+ e- or mu+ mu-. In addition, it searched for Z --> nu nubar and H --> e+ e- or photons. Scenarios with large width or continuum H mass distribution are considered. See their Figs. 11--14 for the results.


pdgid: S055H2O
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ABBIENDI 2003G search for e+ e- --> H_1()0 Z followed by H_1()0 --> A0 A0, A0 --> c cbar, g g, or tau+ tau- in the region mass(H_{{1}}()0) = 45-86 GeV and mass(A0) = 2-11 GeV. See their Fig. 7 for the limits.


pdgid: S055H2O
text:
Search for associated production of a gamma gamma resonance with a Zboson, followed by Z --> q qbar, lepton+ lepton-, or nu nubar, at Ecm<=209 GeV.  The limit is for a H with SM production cross section and B(H --> f fbar)=0 for all fermions f.


pdgid: S055H2O
text:
ACCIARRI 2000R search for e+ e- --> H gamma with H --> b bbar, Z gamma, or gamma gamma.  See their Fig.3 for limits on sigma.B.  Explicit limits within an effective interaction framework are also given, for which the Standard Model Higgs search results are used in addition.


pdgid: S055H2O
text:
ACCIARRI 2000R search for the two-photon type processes e+ e- --> e+ e- H with H --> b bbar or gamma gamma. See their Fig.4 for limits on Gamma(H --> gamma gamma).B(H --> gamma gamma  or  b bbar) for mass(H)=70 -- 170 GeV.


pdgid: S055H2O
text:
GONZALEZ-GARCIA 1998B use D0 limit for gamma gamma events with missing E(T) in p pbar collisions (ABBOTT 1998) to constrain possible Z H or W H production followed by unconventional H --> gamma gamma decay which is induced by higher-dimensional operators.  See their Figs.1 and2 for limits on the anomalous couplings.


pdgid: S055H2O
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KRAWCZYK 1997 analyse the muon anomalous magnetic moment in a two-doublet Higgs model (with typeII Yukawa couplings) assuming no H_1()0 Z Z  coupling and obtain mass(H_{{1}}()0)~>5 GeV or mass(A0)~>5 GeV for tan(beta)>50. Other Higgs bosons are assumed to be much heavier.


pdgid: S055H2O
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ALEXANDER 1996H give B(Z --> H gamma)*B(H --> q qbar) <1 -- 4E-5 (95%CL) and B(Z --> H gamma)*B(H --> b bbar) <0.7 -- 2E-5 (95%CL) in the range 20 <mass(H) <80 GeV.


pdgid: S055HEW
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HALLER 2018 make Standard Model fits to Z and neutral current parameters, mass(t),  mass(W), and width(W) measurements available in 2018. The direct mass measurement at the LHC is  not used in the fit.


pdgid: S055HEW
text:
BAAK 2012 make Standard Model fits to Z and neutral current parameters, mass(t), mass(W), and width(W)  measurements available in 2010 (using also preliminary data). The quoted result is obtained from a fit that does not include the limit from the direct Higgs searches. The result including direct search data from LEP2,  the Tevatron and the LHC is 120+12-5 GeV.


pdgid: S055HEW
text:
BAAK 2012A make Standard Model fits to Z and neutral current parameters, mass(t), mass(W), and width(W) measurements available in 2012 (using also preliminary data). The quoted result is obtained from a fit that does not include the measured mass value of the signal observed at the LHC and also no limits from direct Higgs searches.


pdgid: S055HEW
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ERLER 2010A makes Standard Model fits to Z and neutral current parameters, mass(t), mass(W) measurements available in 2009 (using also preliminary data). The quoted result is obtained from a fit that does not include the limits from the direct Higgs searches. With direct search data from LEP2 and Tevatron  added to the fit, the 90% CL (99% CL) interval is 115 -- 148 (114 -- 197) GeV.


pdgid: S055HEW
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LEP-SLC 2006 make Standard Model fits to Z parameters from LEP/SLC and mass(t), mass(W), and  Gamma(W) measurements available in 2005 with Deltaalpha(had)**(5)(mass(Z)) = 0.02758+-0.00035. The 95% CL limit is 285 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2015AF search for t tbar production followed by t --> b H+, H+ --> tau+ nu in 19.5 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) B(H+ --> tau nu) between 2.3E-3 and 1.3E-2 (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 80 -- 160 GeV. See their Fig. 8 for the excluded regions in different benchmark scenarios of the MSSM. The region mass(H+) < 140 GeV is excluded for tan(beta) > 1 in the considered scenarios.


pdgid: S064HGC
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KHACHATRYAN 2015AX search for t tbar production followed by t --> b H+, H+ --> tau+ nu in 19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) B(H+ --> tau nu) between 1.2E-2 and 1.5E-3 (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 80 -- 160 GeV. See their Fig. 11 for the excluded regions in different benchmark scenarios of the MSSM. The region mass(H+) < 155 GeV is excluded for tan(beta) > 1 in the considered scenarios.


pdgid: S064HGC
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LEP 2013 give a limit that refers to the Type II scenario. The limit for B(H+ --> tau nu) = 1 is 94 GeV (95% CL), and for B(H+ --> c s) = 1 the region below 80.5 as well as the region 83 -- 88 GeV is excluded (95% CL). LEP 2013 also search for the decay mode H+ --> A0 W^*() with A0 --> b bbar, which is not negligible in Type I models. The limit in Type I models is 72.5 GeV (95% CL) if mass(A0) > 12 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2025 combine AAD 2023AH and AAD 2024AD and derive limits on the isotriplet  contribution to the gauge boson masses in the Georgi-Machacek model.  See their Fig. 5(c).


pdgid: S064HGC
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HAYRAPETYAN 2024AV search for production of scalar resonance decaying to W+- gamma with  W --> lepton nu in 138 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7  for limits on cross section times branching ratio for the mass range 0.3 -- 2.0 TeV for a  narrow and a broad width. Combined limits with TUMASYAN 2022B are shown in Fig. 8.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2023AH search for vector boson fusion production of H+- decaying to H+- --> W+- Z --> lepton+- nu lepton+ lepton- in 139   fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for limits on cross   section times branching ratio in the Georgi-Machacek model for mass(H+-) = 0.2 -- 1.0 TeV,  and also for limits on the  triplet vacuum expectation value fraction.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2023BB search for t tbar production followed by t --> b H+, H+ --> c bbar in  139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 8 for limits on the  product of branching ratios for mass(H+) = 60 -- 160 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
AAD 2023BW search for t --> b H+ from pair produced top quarks, with the decay chain  H+ --> W+ A0, A0 --> mu+ mu- using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13  TeV. See their Fig. 5(b)-(d) for limits on the product of branching ratios for mass(H+) = 120,  140, 160 GeV, and mass(A0) = 15 -- 72 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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TUMASYAN 2023AV search for production of H+- in association with a top quark, decaying to  H_2()0 W+-, H_2()0 --> tau+ tau-, using 138 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm =  13 TeV.  See their Fig. 9 for limits on production cross section times branching ratios for  mass(H+-) = 0.3 -- 0.7 TeV and mass(H_{{2}}()0) = 0.2 TeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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TUMASYAN 2022B search for production of scalar resonance decaying to W+- gamma --> q q gamma in 137  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for the mass range 0.7 -- 6.0 TeV, assuming narrow width or  Gamma/M = 0.05.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2021V search for tbar b H+ associated production followed by H+ --> t bbar in 139  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 6 for upper limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H+) = 0.2 -- 2 TeV. See also their Fig. 7 for the  excluded region in the parameter space of the hMSSM and the following MSSM benchmark scenarios:  M_{{h}}^125, M_{{h}}^125(chitilde), M_{{h}}^125(tautilde), M_{{h}}^125(alignment),  M(h(1))**125(CPV).


pdgid: S064HGC
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SIRUNYAN 2021W search for vector boson fusion production of H+ decaying to H+ --> W+ Z --> lepton+ nu lepton+ lepton- in 137  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H+) = 0.2 -- 3.0 TeV, and also for limits on the   fraction of the triplet vev contribution to the W mass in the Georgi-Machacek model.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
AAD 2020W search for dijet resonances in events with isolated leptons using 139 fb**-1 of  p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  As a byproduct, H+ --> t bbar produced in  association with  tbar b is searched for. Limits on the product of cross section times  branching ratio for mass(H+) = 0.6 -- 2 TeV are given in their Fig. 5(c).


pdgid: S064HGC
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SIRUNYAN 2020AO search for H+ --> t bbar produced in association with  t(b) in  all jet final states in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  See their  Fig. 6 for limits on the product of cross section times branching ratio for mass(H+) = 0.2 -- 3 TeV.   Limits for s-channel production are also given for  mass(H+) = 0.8 -- 3 TeV.  See also  Fig. 7 for the corresponding limits in scenarios in the minimal supersymmetric standard model.   Cross section limits from combined results with SIRUNYAN 2020AV are given in Fig. 8.


pdgid: S064HGC
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SIRUNYAN 2020AV search for H+ --> t bbar produced in association with t(b) in  final states with one or two leptons, in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13  TeV.  See their Fig. 5 for limits on the product of cross section times branching ratio for  mass(H+) = 0.2 -- 3 TeV, and their Fig. 6 for the corresponding limits in scenarios in the  minimal supersymmetric standard model.


pdgid: S064HGC
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SIRUNYAN 2020BE search for t --> b H+ followed by the decay H+ --> c sbar in pair  produced top quark events using 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.   Limits on the branching ratio in the range 1.68 -- 0.25% (95%CL) are given for  mass(H+) = 80 -- 160 GeV, see their Fig. 4.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019AH search for H+ in the decay of a pair-produced t quark, or in  associated t b H+ or nonresonant b bbar H+ W- production, followed by H+ --> tau+ nu,  in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. Upper limits on cross section times  branching ratio between 6 pb and 5 fb (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 80 -- 3000  GeV (including the non-resonant production near the top quark mass), see their Fig. 6 (left). See  their Fig. 6 (right) for the excluded regions in the m(h)**mod- scenario of  the MSSM.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019BP search for vector boson fusion production of H+ decaying to H+ --> W+ Z --> lepton+ nu lepton+ lepton- in  35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H+) = 0.3 -- 2.0 TeV, and also for limits on the  fraction of the triplet vev contribution to the W mass in the Georgi-Machacek model.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019CC search for t --> b H+ from pair produced top quarks, with the decay chain  H+ --> W+ A0, A0 --> mu+ mu- in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13  TeV.  See their Fig. 2 for limits on the product of branching ratios for mass(A0) = 15 -- 75 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019CQ search for vector boson fusion production of H+ decaying to H+ --> W+ Z --> lepton+ nu q qbar or  q qbar lepton+ lepton- in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See  their Fig. 5 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H+) = 0.6 -- 2.0  TeV, and also for limits on the triplet vacuum expectation value fraction in the Georgi-Machacek  model.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
AABOUD 2018BW search for tbar b H+ associated production or the decay t --> b H+,  followed by H+ --> tau+ nu, in 36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See  their Fig. 8(a) for upper limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H+) = 90 -- 2000  GeV, and Fig. 8(b) for limits on B(t --> b H+) B(H+ --> tau+ nu) for mass(H+) =  90 -- 160 GeV.  See also their Fig. 9 for the excluded region in the hMSSM parameter space.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
AABOUD 2018CD search for tbar b H+ associated production followed by H+ --> t bbar in  36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for upper limits on  cross section times branching ratio for mass(H+) = 0.2 -- 2 TeV.  See also their Fig. 9 for  the excluded region in the parameter space of the m(h)**mod- and hMSSM scenarios  of the MSSM. The theory predictions overlaid to the experimental limits to determine the excluded  mass(H+) range are shown without their respective uncertainty band.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AABOUD 2018CH search for vector boson fusion production of H+- decaying to H+- --> W+- Z --> lepton+- nu lepton+ lepton- in  36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H+-) = 0.2 -- 0.9 TeV, and also for limits on the  triplet vacuum expectation value fraction in the Georgi-Machacek model.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
HALLER 2018 give 95% CL lower limits on mass(H+) of 590 GeV in type II two Higgs  doublet model from combined data (including an unpublished BELLE result) for B(b --> s gamma).


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018DO search for t tbar production followed by t --> b H+, H+ --> c bbar in 19.7  fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV.  See their Fig. 3 for upper limits on  B(t --> b H+) for mass(H+) = 90 -- 150 GeV assuming that B(H+ --> c bbar) = 1  and B(t --> b H+) + B(t --> b W+) = 1.


pdgid: S064HGC
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MISIAK 2017 give 95% CL lower limits on mass(H+) between 570 and 800 GeV in type II  two Higgs doublet model from combined data (including an unpublished BELLE result) for B(b --> s ( d ) gamma).


pdgid: S064HGC
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SIRUNYAN 2017AE search for vector boson fusion production of H+- decaying to H+- --> W+- Z --> lepton+- nu lepton+ lepton- in  15.2 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H+-) = 0.2 -- 2.0 TeV, and also for limits on the  triplet vacuum expectation value fraction in the Georgi-Machacek model.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AABOUD 2016A search for t(b) H+- associated production followed by H+ --> tau+ nu in  3.2 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. Upper limits on CS(t(b) H+-)  B(H+ --> tau nu) between 1.9 pb and 15 fb (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 200 -- 2000  GeV, see their Fig. 6. See their Fig. 7 for the excluded regions in the hMSSM scenario.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2016AJ search for t(b) H+- associated production followed by H+- --> t b  in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 6 for upper limits on  CS(t(b) H+-) B(H+ --> t b) for mass(H+) = 200 -- 600 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2016AJ search for H+- production from quark-antiquark annihilation, followed by  H+- --> t b, in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 10  for upper limits on CS(H+-) B(H+ --> t b) for mass(H+) = 400 -- 3000 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2015AF search for t H+- associated production followed by H+- --> tau+- nu in 19.5 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. Upper limits on CS(t H+-) B(H+ --> tau nu) between 760 and 4.5 fb (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 180 -- 1000 GeV. See their Fig. 8 for the excluded regions in different benchmark scenarios of the MSSM.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2015M search for vector boson fusion production of H+- decaying to H+- --> W+- Z --> q qbar lepton+ lepton- in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 2 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H+-) = 200 -- 1000 GeV, and Fig. 3 for limits on  thetriplet vacuum expectation value fraction in the Georgi-Machacek model.


pdgid: S064HGC
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KHACHATRYAN 2015AX search for t H+- associated production followed by H+- --> t b in 19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. Upper limits on CS(t H+-) B(H+ --> t bbar) between 2.0 and 0.13 pb (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 180 -- 600 GeV. See their Fig. 11 for the excluded regions in different benchmark scenarios of the MSSM.


pdgid: S064HGC
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KHACHATRYAN 2015AX search for t H+- associated production followed by H+- --> tau+- nu in 19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. Upper limits on CS(t H+-) B(H+ --> tau nu) between 380 and 25 fb (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 180 -- 600 GeV. See their Fig. 11 for the excluded regions in different benchmark scenarios of the MSSM.


pdgid: S064HGC
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KHACHATRYAN 2015BF search for t tbar production followed by t --> b H+, H+ --> c sbar in 19.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) B(H+ --> c sbar) between 1.2E-2 and 6.5E-2 (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 90 -- 160 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2014M search for the decay cascade H_2()0 --> H+- W-+ --> H0 W+- W-+, H0 decaying to b bbar in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. See their Table III for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H_{{2}}()0)= 325 -- 1025 GeV and mass(H+)= 225 -- 925 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AALTONEN 2014A measure B(t --> b tau nu) = 0.096+-0.028 using 9 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. For mass(H+)= 80 -- 140 GeV, this measured value is translated to a limit B(t --> b H+) < 0.059 at 95% CL assuming B(H+ --> tau+ nu) = 1.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2013AC search for t tbar production followed by t --> b H+, H+ --> c sbar (flavor unidentified) in 4.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) between 0.05 and 0.01 (95%CL) are given for mass(H+)=90 -- 150 GeV and B(H+ --> c sbar)=1.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2013V search for t tbar production followed by t --> b H+, H+ --> tau+ nu through violation of lepton universality with 4.6 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) between 0.032 and 0.044 (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 90 -- 140 GeV and B(H+ --> tau+ nu) = 1. By combining with AAD 2012BH, the limits improve to 0.008 to 0.034 for mass(H+) = 90 -- 160 GeV. See their Fig. 7 for the excluded region in the m(h)**max scenario of the MSSM.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AAD 2012BH search for t tbar production followed by t --> b H+, H+ --> tau+ nu with 4.6 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) between 0.01 and 0.05 (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 90 -- 160 GeV and B(H+ --> tau+ nu) = 1. See their Fig.8 for the excluded region in the m(h)**max scenario of the MSSM.


pdgid: S064HGC
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CHATRCHYAN 2012AA search for t tbar production followed by t --> b H+, H+ --> tau+ nu with 2 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) between 0.019 and 0.041 (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 80 -- 160 GeV and B(H+ --> tau+ nu)=1.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AALTONEN 2011P search in 2.7 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV for the decay chain t --> b H+, H+ --> W+ A0, A0 --> tau+ tau- with mass(A0) between 4 and 9 GeV. See their Fig.4 for limits on B(t --> b H+) for 90 < mass(H+)< 160 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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DESCHAMPS 2010 make Type II two Higgs doublet model fits to weak leptonic and semileptonic decays, b --> s gamma, B, B_{{s}}() mixings, and Z --> b bbar. The limit holds irrespective of tan(beta).


pdgid: S064HGC
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AALTONEN 2009AJ search for t --> b H+, H+ --> c sbar in t tbar events in 2.2 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) between 0.08 and 0.32 (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 60 -- 150 GeV and B(H+ --> c sbar) = 1.


pdgid: S064HGC
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ABAZOV 2009AC search for t --> b H+, H+ --> tau+ nu in t tbar events in 0.9 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) between 0.19 and 0.25 (95% CL) are given for mass(H+) = 80 -- 155 GeV and B(H+ --> tau+ nu) = 1. See their Fig.4 for an excluded region in a MSSM scenario.


pdgid: S064HGC
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ABAZOV 2009AG measure t tbar cross sections in final states with lepton + jets (lepton = e, mu), lepton lepton, and tau lepton in 1 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV, which constrains possible t --> b H+ branching fractions. Upper limits (95% CL) on B(t --> b H+) between 0.15 and 0.40 (0.48 and 0.57) are given for B(H+ --> tau+ nu) = 1 (B(H+ --> c sbar) = 1) for mass(H+) = 80 -- 155 GeV.


pdgid: S064HGC
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ABAZOV 2009AI search for t --> b H+ in t tbar events in 1 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. Final states with lepton + jets (lepton = e, mu), lepton lepton, and tau lepton are examined. Upper limits on B(t --> b H+) (95% CL) between 0.15 and 0.19 (0.19 and 0.22) are given for B(H+ --> tau+ nu) = 1 (B(H+ --> c sbar) = 1) for mass(H+) = 80 -- 155 GeV. For B(H+ --> tau+ nu) = 1 also a simultaneous extraction of B(t --> b H+) and the t tbar cross section is performed, yielding a limit on B(t --> b H+) between 0.12 and 0.26 for mass(H+) = 80 -- 155 GeV. See their Figs.5 -- 8 for excluded regions in several MSSM scenarios.


pdgid: S064HGC
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ABAZOV 2009P search for H+ production by q qbar^'() annihilation followed by H+ --> t bbar decay in 0.9 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. Cross section limits in several two-doublet models are given for mass(H+) = 180 -- 300 GeV. A region with 20 ~< tan(beta) ~< 70 is excluded (95% CL) for 180 GeV ~< mass(H+) ~< 184 GeV in type-I models.


pdgid: S064HGC
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ABULENCIA 2006E search for associated H0 W production in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. A fit is made for t tbar production processes in dilepton, lepton + jets, and lepton + tau final states, with the decays t --> W+ b and t --> H+ b followed by H+ --> tau+ nu, c sbar, t^* bbar, or W+ H0. Within the MSSM the search is sensitive to the region tan(beta)< 1 or > 30 in the mass range mass(H+) = 80 -- 160 GeV. See Fig. 2 for the excluded region in a certain MSSM scenario.


pdgid: S064HGC
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ABDALLAH 2004I search for e+ e- --> H+ H- with H+- decaying to tau nu, c s, or W^* A0 in Type-I two-Higgs-doublet models.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
ABAZOV 2002B search for a charged Higgs boson in top decays with H+ --> tau+ nu at Ecm=1.8 TeV. For mass(H+)=75 GeV, the region tan(beta)>32.0 is excluded at 95%CL. The excluded mass region extends to over 140 GeV for tan(beta) values above 100.


pdgid: S064HGC
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BORZUMATI 2002 point out that the decay modes such as b bbar W, A0 W, and supersymmetric ones can have substantial branching fractions in the mass range explored at LEPII and Tevatron.


pdgid: S064HGC
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BARATE 2001E give a limit tan(beta)/mass(H+)<0.40 GeV**-1 (90% CL) in TypeII two-doublet models. An independent measurement of B --> tau nu_tau X gives tan(beta)/mass(H+)<0.49 GeV**-1 (90% CL).


pdgid: S064HGC
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GAMBINO 2001 use the world average data in the summer of 2001 B(b --> s gamma) = 3.23+-0.42E-4. The limit applies for Type-II two-doublet models.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AFFOLDER 2000I search for a charged Higgs boson in top decays with H+ --> tau+ nu in p pbar collisions at Ecm=1.8TeV. The excluded mass region extends to over 120GeV for tan(beta) values above 100 and B(tau nu) = 1. If B(t --> b H+)~>0.6, mass(H+) up to 160 GeV is excluded. Updates ABE 1997L.


pdgid: S064HGC
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ABBOTT 1999E search for a charged Higgs boson in top decays in p pbar collisions at Ecm=1.8 TeV, by comparing the observed t tbar cross section (extracted from the data assuming the dominant decay t --> b W+) with theoretical expectation. The search is sensitive to regions of the domains tan(beta)~<1, 50<mass(H+)(GeV) ~<120 and tan(beta)~>40, 50<mass(H+) (GeV) ~<160. See Fig.3 for the details of the excluded region.


pdgid: S064HGC
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ACKERSTAFF 1999D measure the Michel parameters rho, xi, eta, and xidelta in leptonic taudecays from Z --> tau tau. Assuming e-mu universality, the limit mass(H+)>0.97 tan(beta) GeV (95%CL) is obtained for two-doublet models in which only one doublet couples to leptons.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
ACCIARRI 1997F give a limit mass(H+)>2.6 tan(beta) GeV (90% CL) from their limit on the exclusive B --> tau nu_tau branching ratio.


pdgid: S064HGC
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AMMAR 1997B measure the Michel parameterrho from tau --> e nu nu decays and assumes e/mu universality to extract the Michel etaparameter from tau --> mu nu nu decays. The measurement is translated to a lower limit on mass(H+) in a two-doublet model mass(H+)>0.97 tan(beta) GeV (90%CL).


pdgid: S064HGC
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COARASA 1997 reanalyzed the constraint on the (mass(H+-),tan(beta)) plane derived from the inclusive B --> tau nu_tau X branching ratio in GROSSMAN 1995B and BUSKULIC 1995. They show that the constraint is quite sensitive to supersymmetric one-loop effects.


pdgid: S064HGC
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GUCHAIT 1997 studies the constraints on mass(H+) set by Tevatron data on lepton tau final states in t tbar --> (W b) (H b), W --> lepton nu, H --> tau nu_tau. See Fig.2 for the excluded region.


pdgid: S064HGC
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MANGANO 1997 reconsiders the limit in ACCIARRI 1997F including the effect of the potentially large B_c --> tau nu_tau background to B_u --> tau nu_tau decays. Stronger limits are obtained.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
STAHL 1997 fit tau lifetime, leptonic branching ratios, and the Michel parameters and derive limit mass(H+)>1.5 tan(beta) GeV (90%CL) for a two-doublet model. See also STAHL 1994.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
ALAM 1995 measure the inclusive b --> s gamma branching ratio at Upsilon(4S) and give B(b --> s gamma)<4.2E-4 (95%CL), which translates to the limit mass(H+)>[244+63/(tan(beta))**1.3] GeV in the TypeII two-doublet model. Light supersymmetric particles can invalidate this bound.


pdgid: S064HGC
text:
BUSKULIC 1995 give a limit mass(H+)>1.9 tan(beta) GeV (90% CL) for Type-II models from b --> tau nu_tau X branching ratio, as proposed in GROSSMAN 1994.


pdgid: S064HGT
text:
AABOUD 2018BW search for tbar b H+ associated production in 36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See also their Fig. 9 for the excluded region in the hMSSM parameter space.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AAD 2023AI search for H++ H-- production using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at    Ecm = 13 TeV.  Decay branching ratios B(H++ --> lepton+ lepton^'+) for the six flavor   combinations are assumed to be equal, adding up to unity.  If the T(3) = 0 states are   degenerate with the T(3)  = +-1 states, the limit becomes 1080 GeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AABOUD 2019K search for pair production of H++ H-- followed by the decay H+-+- --> W+- W+- in  36.1 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV.  The search is interpreted in a  doublet-triplet extension of the scalar sector with a vev of 0.1 GeV, leading to B(H+-+- --> W+- W+-) =  1.   See their Fig. 5 for limits on the cross section for mass(H++) between 200 and 700 GeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AAD 2015AG search for H++ H-- production in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV. The limit assumes 100% branching ratio to the specified final state. See their Fig. 5 for limits for arbitrary branching ratios.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AAD 2015AP search for H()++ H()-- production in 20.3 fb**-1 of p p collisions at   Ecm = 8 TeV. The limit assumes 100% branching ratio to the specified final state.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2012AU search for H()++ H()-- production with 4.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. The limit assumes 100% branching ratio to the specified final state. See their Table 6 for limits including associated H()++ H()- production or assuming different scenarios.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
ABDALLAH 2003 search for H++ H-- pair production either followed by H++ --> tau+ tau+, or decaying outside the detector.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
ABBIENDI 2002C searches for pair production of H++ H--, with H+-+- --> lepton+- lepton+- (lepton,lepton^' = e,mu,tau).  The limit holds for lepton=lepton^'=tau, and becomes stronger for other combinations of leptonic final states. To ensure the decay within the detector, the limit only applies for g(H lepton lepton)~>10**-7.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AAD 2024AD search for production of H+-+- by W+- W+- fusion, in the decay to W+- W+-, using  139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 12 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H+-+-) between 0.2 and 3.0 TeV.  Limits on the iso-triplet  contribution to the gauge-boson masses in the Georgi-Machacek model are also shown.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AAD 2021U search for pair production of H++ H-- followed by the decay H+-+- --> W+- W+- in 139   fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. The search is interpreted in a  triplet  extension of the SM Higgs sector with a triplet vev of 0.1 GeV, leading to B(H+-+- --> W+- W+-) =  1.  See their Fig. 9(a) for limits on the cross section for mass(H++) between 200 and 600 GeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AAD 2021U search for associated production of H+-+- H-+ followed by the decays H+-+- --> W+- W+-, H+- --> W+- Z   in 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. H+-+- and H+- are assumed  to  be degenerate in mass within 5 GeV.  The search is interpreted in a triplet extension of the SM  Higgs sector with a triplet vev of 0.1 GeV, leading to B(H+-+- --> W+- W+-) = 1.  See their  Fig. 9(b) for limits on the cross section for mass(H++) between 200 and 600 GeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
SIRUNYAN 2021W search for vector boson fusion production of H+-+- decaying to H+-+- --> W+- W+- --> lepton+- nu lepton+- nu  in 137 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on cross  section times branching ratio for mass(H++) = 0.2 -- 3.0 TeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019CQ search for H+-+- production by vector boson fusion followed by the decay  H+-+- --> W+- W+- --> q q lepton nu in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13  TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H+-+-) between  0.6 and 2 TeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018CC search for H+-+- production by vector boson fusion followed by the decay  H+-+- --> W+- W+- in 35.9 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 13 TeV. See their  Fig. 3 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H+-+-) between 200 and 1000 GeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
KANEMURA 2015 examine the case where H++ decays preferentially to W^(*)() W^(*)() and   estimate that a lower mass limit of ~84 GeV can be derived from the same-sign dilepton data   of AAD 2015AG if H++ decays with 100% branching ratio to W^(*)() W^(*)().


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2015D search for H+-+- production by vector boson fusion followed by the  decay  H+-+- --> W+- W+- in 19.4 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 8 TeV.  See  their  Fig. 4 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for mass(H++) between 160 and 800  GeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
KANEMURA 2014 examine the case where H++ decays preferentially to W^(*)() W^(*)() and estimate that a lower mass limit of ~60 GeV can be derived from the same-sign dilepton data of AAD 2012CY.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AAD 2013Y search for H()++ H()-- production in a generic search of events with three charged leptons in 4.6 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. The limit assumes 100% branching ratio to the specified final state.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AAD 2012AY search for H()++ H()-- production with 1.6 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. The limit assumes 100% branching ratio to the specified final state.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AAD 2012CQ search for H()++ H()-- production with 4.7 fb**-1 of p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. The limit assumes 100% branching ratio to the specified final state. See their Table 1 for limits assuming smaller branching ratios.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
ABAZOV 2012A search for H()++ H()-- production in 7.0 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AALTONEN 2011AF search for H()++ H()-- production in 6.1 fb**-1 of p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AALTONEN 2008AA search for H^++() H^--() production in p pbar collisions at Ecm= 1.96 TeV. The limit assumes 100% branching ratio to the specified final state.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
ABAZOV 2008V search for H^++() H^--() production in p pbar collisions at Ecm= 1.96 TeV. The limit is for B(H --> mu mu) = 1. The limit is updated in ABAZOV 2012A.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
AKTAS 2006A search for single H+-+- production in e p collisions at HERA. Assuming that H++  only couples to e+ mu+ with g(e mu) = 0.3 (electromagnetic strength), a limit mass(H++) > 141 GeV (95% CL) is derived.  For the case where H++ couples to e tau only the limit is 112 GeV.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
ACOSTA 2005L search for H^++() H^--() pair production in p pbar collisions. The limit is valid for g(lepton lepton^'()) < 10**-8 so that the Higgs decays outside the detector.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
ABAZOV 2004E search for H++ H-- pair production in H+-+- --> mu+- mu+-. The limit is valid for g(mu mu) ~> 10**-7.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
ABBIENDI 2003Q searches for single H+-+- via  direct production in e+ e- --> e-+ e-+ H+-+-, and via t-channel exchange in e+ e- --> e+ e-. In the direct case, and assuming B( H+-+- --> lepton+- lepton+-) = 1, a 95% CL limit on h(ee) < 0.071 is set for mass( H+-+-) < 160 GeV (see Fig. 6). In the second case, indirect limits on h(ee) are set for mass( H+-+-) < 2 TeV (see Fig. 8).


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
GORDEEV 1997 search for muonium-antimuonium conversion and find G(M Mbar)/G(F)<0.14 (90% CL), where G(M Mbar) is the lepton-flavor violating effective four-fermion coupling.  This limit may be converted to mass(H++)>210 GeV if the Yukawa couplings of H++ to ee and mu mu are as large as the weak gauge coupling. For similar limits on muonium-antimuonium conversion, see the muon Particle Listings.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
ASAKA 1995 point out that H++ decays dominantly to four fermions in a large region of parameter space where the limit of ACTON 1992M from the search of dilepton modes does not apply.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
ACTON 1992M limit assumes H+-+- --> lepton+- lepton+- or H+-+- does not decay in the detector.  Thus the region g(lepton lepton)~~10**-7 is not excluded.


pdgid: S064HD1
text:
SWARTZ 1990 assume H+-+- --> lepton+- lepton+- (any flavor). The limits are valid for the Higgs-lepton coupling g(H lepton lepton) ~> 7.4E-7/[mass(H)/GeV]**1/2. The limits improve somewhat for e e and mu mu decay modes.


pdgid: S064HD0
text:
AAD 2023AI search for H++ H-- production using 139 fb**-1 of p p collisions at    Ecm = 13 TeV.  Decay branching ratios B(H++ --> lepton+ lepton^'+) for the six flavor   combinations are assumed to be equal, adding up to unity.


pdgid: S064HD0
text:
ACHARD 2003F search for e+ e- --> H++ H-- with H+-+- --> lepton+- lepton^'()+-. The limit holds for lepton = lepton^' = tau, and slightly different limits apply for other flavor combinations. The limit is valid for g(lepton lepton^') ~> 10**-7.


pdgid: S064HD0
text:
ABBIENDI 2002C searches for pair production of H++ H--, with H+-+- --> lepton+- lepton+- (lepton,lepton^' = e,mu,tau).  the limit holds for lepton=lepton^'=tau, and becomes stronger for other combinations of leptonic final states. To ensure the decay within the detector, the limit only applies for g(H lepton lepton)~>10**-7.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2024T limit is for W^' with SM-like coupling from p p collisions at sqrt(s) =1 3  TeV. Bosonic decays of W^' and W-W^' interference are neglected. See their Fig.  7a for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024X search for right-handed W^' decaying to t b in p p collisions  at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2023AH search for resonances produced through Drell-Yan and vector-boson-fusion processes  in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 for limits on .    The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3 produced mainly via Drell-Yan.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2023CC search for resonances decaying to t b in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The limit quoted above is for right-handed W^' assuming a W^' coupling equal to the SM  W coupling. The limit becomes M(W^') > 4200 GeV for left-handed W^'. See  their Figs. 12 and 13 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2023L perform a generic search for resonances with events containing a Z decaying   into e+ e- or mu+ mu- in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Figs. 6, 7, 8   for model independent limits on  for Gaussian-shaped resonances. The limit above is for   heavy-vector-triplet W^' decaying to W Z with g_{{V}} = 3 as well as with g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2023O search for resonances decaying to H W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The  quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(W^') > 2950 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2023AP search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The  limit  becomes M(W^') > 4.8 TeV assuming M(W^') = M(Z^') and  combining W^' --> W Z, W^' --> W H, Z^' --> W W, Z^' --> Z H channels.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2023AP search for resonances decaying to W H in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit  becomes M(W^') > 4.8 TeV assuming M(W^') = M(Z^') and  combining W^' --> W Z, W^' --> W H, Z^' --> W W, Z^' --> Z H channels.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2023AW search for SSM W^' resonance decaying to tau nu in p p collisions  at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. W-W^' intereference and bosonic decays of W^' are not  included. See their Fig. 6 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022AC search for W^' with SM-like couplings in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The diboson decays of W^' are assumed to be suppressed. See their Fig. 5 for limits on  .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022D search for resonances produced through Drell-Yan and vector-boson-fusion processes  in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on . The quoted  limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3 produced mainly via Drell-Yan.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022J search for resonances produced through Drell-Yan and vector-boson-fusion processes  in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^'  with g_{{V}} = 3, produced mainly via Drell-Yan. See their Fig. 9 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022R search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' produced mainly via Drell-Yan. See  their Fig. 8 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2021Y search for resonances decaying to t b in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. See  their Fig. 2 for limits on sigma. B(W^' --> t b).


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2020AJ search for resonances decaying to H W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(W^') > 2900 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. See their Fig. 6 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2020AT search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(W^') > 3900 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. See their Fig. 13 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2020T search for W^' with SM-like couplings in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. See their Fig. 4(c) for limits on the product of the cross section, acceptance, and branching  fraction.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020Q search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2019E search for right-handed W^' in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See  their Fig. 8 for limit on on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2019C search for W^' with SM-like couplings in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. Bosonic decays and W-W^' interference are neglected. The limits on e and  mu separately are 6.0 and 5.1 TeV respectively.  See their Fig. 2 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2019D search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(W^') > 3400 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(W^') =  M(Z^'), the limit increases M(W^') > 3800 GeV and  M(W^') > 3500 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their  Fig. 9 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019AY limits shown for W^' with SM-like coupling using p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. W-W^' interference and bosonic decays of W^' are not included.  See their Fig. 5 for limits on sigma.B. Limits in the context of a  nonuniversal gauge interaction are shown in Fig. 7. Model independent limits on sigma B A epsilon can be  seen in Fig. 8.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019CP present a statistical combinations of searches for W^' decaying to pairs  of bosons or leptons in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for  heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. If we assume M(W^') =  M(Z^'), the limit becomes M(W^') > 4500 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and  M(W^') > 5000 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. See their Figs. 2 and 3 for limits on  .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019I search for resonances decaying to H W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(W^') > 2800 GeV if we assume M(W^') =  M(Z^').


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018AF give the limit above for right-handed W^' using p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. These limits also exclude W bosons with left-handed couplings with masses  below 2.9 TeV, at the 95% confidence level. W^' --> lepton nu_R is assumed to be  forbidden. See their Fig.5 for limits on sigma.B for both cases of left- and  right-handed W^'.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018AI search for resonances decaying to H W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(W^') > 2670 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(W^') =  M(Z^'), the limit increases M(W^') > 2930 GeV and  M(W^') > 2800 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their  Fig. 5 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018AK search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit  becomes M(W^') > 2800 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018AL search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit  becomes M(W^') > 2900 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018BG limit is for W^' with SM-like couplings using p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Bosonic decays of W^' and W-W^' interference are neglected.  See Fig. 2 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018CH search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit  becomes M(W^') > 2260 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018F search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(W^') > 3000 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(Z^') =  M(W^'), the limit increases M(W^') > 3500 GeV and  M(W^') > 3100 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their  Fig.5 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018K limit is for W^' with SM-like coupling using p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. W-W^' interference and bosonic decays of W^' are not included. See  their Fig. 4 for limit on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018 limit is for right-handed W^' using  $pp$ collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  W^' --> lepton nu_R decay is assumed to be forbidden. The limit becomes M(W^')  > 3.4 TeV  if M(nu_{{R}}) << M(W^'). See their Fig. 5 for  exclusion limits on W^' models  having both left- and right-handed couplings.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018AX search for resonances decaying to W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. See their Fig.6 for  limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018AZ limit is derived for W^' with SM-like coupling using p p collisions  at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. No interference with SM W process is considered. The bosonic decays are  assumed to be negligible. See their Fig.6 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018BK search for resonances decaying to W Z  in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit  becomes M(W^')> 3100 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018DJ search for resonances decaying to $WZ$ in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(W^') > 2270 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018ED search for resonances decaying to H W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit above is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. If we assume  M(W^') = M(Z^'), the limit increases M(W^')  > 2900 GeV and M(W^') > 2800 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1,  respectively.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018P give this limit for a heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. If they  assume M(Z^') = M(W^'), the limit increases to  M(W^') > 3800 GeV.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2017AK search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. The limit above is for a W^' boson having axial-vector SM couplings and decaying to  quarks with 75% branching fraction.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2017AO search for resonances decaying to H W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a W^' in the  heavy-vector-triplet model with g_{{V}} =  3. See their Fig.4 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2017B search for resonances decaying to H W (H --> b bbar, c cbar; W --> lepton nu) in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with  g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes M(W^') > 1750 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume  M(W^') = M(Z^'), the limit increases M(W^')> 2310 GeV and  M(W^')> 1730 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their Fig.3  for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2017J search for right-handed W_{{R}} in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  W_{{R}} is assumed to decay into tau and hypothetical heavy neutrino N_{{tau}}, with N_{{tau}}  decaying into tau j j. The quoted limit is for M(N_{{tau}}) =  M(W_{{R}})/2. The limit becomes M(W_{{R}}) > 2350 GeV (1630 GeV)  for M(W_{{R}})/M(N_{{tau}}) = 0.8 (0.2). See their Fig. 4 for excluded  regions in the M(W_{{R}})-M(N_{{tau}}) plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2017Z limit is for W^' with SM-like coupling using p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  The bosonic decays of W^' and the interference with SM W process are  neglected.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017A search for resonances decaying to W Z with W Z --> lepton nu q qbar,  q qbar q qbar in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for  heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes M(W^') >  2000 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(Z^') = M(W^'), the limit  increases M(W^') > 2400 GeV and M(W^') > 2300 GeV for  g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their Fig.6 for limits on  sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017AK search for resonances decaying to W Z or H W in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 8 and 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes M(W^') > 2300 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume  M(W^') = M(Z^'), the limit increases M(W^')  > 2400 GeV for both g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1. See their Fig.1 and 2 for limits on  sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017H search for right-handed W^' in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  W^' is assumed to decay into tau and a heavy neutrino N, with N decaying to tau q qbar.  The limit above assumes M(N) = M(W^')/2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017I limit is for a right-handed W^' using p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The limit becomes M(W^') > 2400 GeV for M(nu_{{R}}) <<  M(W^').


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017R search for resonances decaying to H W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. Mass regions  M(W^') < 2370 GeV and 2870 < M(W^') < 2970 GeV  are excluded for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(Z^') = M(W^'), the  excluded mass regions are 1000 < M(W^') < 2500 GeV and 2760 <  M(W^') < 3300 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3; 1000 < M(W^')  < 2430 GeV and 2810 < M(W^') < 3130 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. See  their Fig.5 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2016AE search for resonances decaying to V V (V = W or Z) in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Results from nu nu q q, nu lepton q q, lepton lepton q q and  q q q q final states are combined. The quoted limit is for a heavy-vector-triplet W^' with  g_{{V}} = 3 and M(W^') = M(Z^').


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2016V limit is for W^' with SM-like coupling using p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. The bosonic decays of W^' and the interference with SM W process are neglected.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2016R search for W^' --> W Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. lepton nu lepton^' lepton^',  lepton lepton q qbar, lepton nu q qbar, and all hadronic channels are combined. The quoted  limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = (M_{{W}}/M(W^'))**2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2016S search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a W^' having SM-like  couplings to quarks.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016AO limit is for a SM-like right-handed  using p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The quoted limit combines t --> q q b and t --> lepton nu b events.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016AP search for a resonance decaying to H W in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. Both H and W are assumed to decay to fat jets. The quoted limit is for  heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016BD search for resonance decaying to H W in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 8 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet (HVT) W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The HVT model  mass(W^') = mass(Z^') > 1.8 TeV is also obtained by combining W^'/Z^' --> W H/Z H --> lepton nu b b, q q tau tau,  q q b b, and q q q q q q channels.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016L search for resonances decaying to dijets in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 8 TeV with the data scouting technique, increasing the sensitivity to the low mass resonances.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016O limit is for W^' having universal couplings. Interferences with the SM  amplitudes are assumed to be absent.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2015AU search for W^' decaying into the W Z final state with W --> q qbar^', Z --> lepton+ lepton- using p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The quoted limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = (M(W)/M(W^'))**2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2015AV limit is for a SM like right-handed W^' using p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. W^' --> lepton nu decay is assumed to be  forbidden.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2015AZ search for W^' decaying into the W Z final state with W --> lepton nu, Z --> q qbar using p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The quoted limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = (M(W)/M(W^'))**2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2015CP search for W^' decaying into the W Z final state with W --> q qbar, Z --> q qbar using p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The quoted limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = (M(W)/M(W^'))**2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2015R limit is for a SM like right-handed W^' using p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. W^' --> lepton nu decay is assumed to be forbidden.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2015C search for W^' decaying via W Z to  fully leptonic final states using p p collisions at sqrt(s)=8 TeV. The quoted limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = M(W) M(Z)/M(W^')**2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2015T limit is for W^' with SM-like coupling which interferes the SM W boson  constructively using p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. For W^' without interference, the limit becomes > 3280 GeV.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2014O search for right-handed W_{{R}} in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. W_{{R}} is assumed to decay  into lepton and hypothetical heavy neutrino N, with N decaying into lepton j  j. The quoted limit  is for M(nu_{{eR}}) = M(nu(mu R)) = M(W_{{R}})/2. See their Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 for excluded regions in the M(W_{{R}})-M(nu) plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2024AE search for resonances decaying to q q, t t, t b, V V, V H,  lepton lepton, lepton tau, tau nu, tau tau in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3. M(W^')  = M(Z^') is assumed. The limit becomes M(W^') > 5.8 TeV for  g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2024CM search for pair productions of dark pions pi_D()+- pi_D()0 in t t b b  events of p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. pi_D()+- --> t b and pi_D()0 --> t t  decays are assumed. The production cross section is computed in a model with dark rho_{{D}}()+-  assuming dark isospin symmetry mass(rho_{{D}}()+-) = mass(rho_{{D}}()0), mass(pi_{{D}}()+-) =  mass(pi_{{D}}()0). See their Fig. 12 for limits on the production cross sections.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024AV search for a spin-0 particle X decaying to W gamma in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2023BF search for W^' decaying to W Z^' in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The mass difference between W^' and Z^' is assumed to be 250 GeV. See their Fig. 9(a)  for limits on  as a function of M(W^').


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2023CG search for right-handed W_{{R}} in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  W_{{R}} is assumed to decay into lepton and hypothetical heavy neutrino N, with N  decaying into lepton j j. See their Fig. 9 for limits in mass(N)-mass(W_{{R}}) plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2023CK search for a new resonance decaying to H X (H --> b bbar, X --> q qbar^') in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 12 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2023U search for a narrow charged vector boson decaying to W gamma. See their Fig.  8(d) for the exclusion limit in mass(W^')- plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022 search for KK excited W decaying in cascade to three W via a scalar  radion R. See their Fig. 4 for limits in M(W^')-M_{{R}} plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022AL search for resonances decaying to t B or b T with vector-like quarks  B (T) subsequently decaying to b H or b Z (t H or t Z). See their Fig. 7  for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022B search for a narrow charged vector boson decaying to W gamma. See their  Fig. 5 for limits on .


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022I search for KK excited W decaying in cascade to three W via a scalar   radion R. See their Fig. 10 for limits in M(W^')-M_{{R}} plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022P search for right handed W_{{R}} in p p collisiions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  W_{{R}} is  assumed to decay into lepton and hypothetical heavy neutrino N, with N  decaying to lepton j j. See their Fig. 7 for excluded regions in  M(W_{{R}})-M_{{N}} plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2020AD search for a narrow resonance decaying to a pair of large-radius-jets J_{{1}} and  J_{{2}} employing a machine-learning procedure. See their Fig. 3 for limits on  depending  on assumptions about invariant masses for J_{{1}}, J_{{2}}, and J_1 J_2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2020W search for W^' decaying to W Z^' in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  See their Fig. 5(b) for limits on  as a function of mass(Z^'). The W^' --> W Z^'  branching fraction was chosen to be 0.5 and the mass difference between the W^' and Z^' was  set to 250 GeV.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2019B search for right-handed W_{{R}} in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  W_{{R}} is assumed to decay into lepton and hypothetical heavy neutrino N, with N  decaying to lepton j j. See their Figs. 7 and 8 for excluded regions in M(W_{{R}})  - M_{{N}} plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2019BB search for right handed W_{{R}} in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  W_{{R}} is assumed to decay into lepton and a boosted hypothetical heavy neutrino N, with  N decaying to lepton and a large radius jet j = q qbar. See their Fig. 7 for  excluded regions in M(W_{{R}})-M_{{N}} plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019V search for a new resonance decaying to a top quark and a heavy vector-like  bottom partner B decaying to H b (or a bottom quark and a heavy vector-like top partner  T decaying to H t) in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits  on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018AA search for a narrow charged vector boson decaying to W gamma. See their  Fig. 9 for the exclusion limit in M(W^') - sigmaB plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018AD search for resonances decaying to H X (H --> b bbar, X --> q qbar^') in p p  collisions  at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Figs. 3 -- 5 for limits on  sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AABOUD 2018CJ search for heavy-vector-triplet W^' in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The limit quoted above is for model with g_{{V}} = 3 assuming M(W^') =  M(Z^'). The limit becomes M(W^') > 5500 GeV for model with  g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018CV search for right-handed W_{{R}} in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  W_{{R}} is assumed to decay into lepton and hypothetical heavy neutrino N, with N  decaying to lepton j j. The quoted limit is for M_{{N}} = M(W_{{R}})/2. See their Fig.  6 for excluded regions in the M(W_{{R}})-M_{{N}} plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2017U search for resonances decaying to H W (H --> b bbar; W --> lepton nu) in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit on the heavy-vector-triplet model is  M(Z^') = M(W^') > 2 TeV for g_{{V}} = 3, in which  constraints from the Z^' --> H Z (H --> b bbar; Z --> lepton+ lepton-, nu nubar)  are combined. See their Fig.3 and Fig.4 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2015BB search for W^' decaying into W H with W --> lepton nu, H --> b bbar. See their Fig. 4 for the exclusion limits in the heavy vector triplet benchmark model parameter space.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AALTONEN 2015C limit is for a SM-like right-handed W^' assuming W^' --> lepton nu decays are forbidden, using p pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limit on g(W^')/g(W).


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2014AT search for a narrow charged vector boson decaying to W gamma. See their Fig. 3a for the exclusion limit in mass(W^')-sigmaB plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
using p p collisions at sqrt(s)=8 TeV. The quoted limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = (M(W)/M(W^'))**2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2014 search for W^' decaying into W Z final state with W --> q qbar, Z --> q qbar The quoted limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = (M_{{W}}/M(W^'))**2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2014A search for W^' decaying into the W Z final state with W --> lepton nu, Z --> q qbar, or W --> q qbar, Z --> lepton lepton. p p collisions data at sqrt(s)=8 TeV are used for the search. See their Fig. 13 for the exclusion limit on the number of events in  the mass-width plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2013AJ search for resonances decaying to W Z pair, using the hadronic decay modes of W and Z, in p p collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for the limit on the cross section.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2013E limit is for W^' with SM-like coupling which  intereferes with the SM W boson using p p collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. For W^' with right-handed coupling, the bound becomes >1850 GeV (>1910 GeV) if W^' decays to both leptons and quarks (only to quarks).  If both left- and right-handed couplings are present,  the limit becomes >1640 GeV.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2013U search for W^' decaying to the W Z final state, with W decaying into jets, in p p collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The quoted limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = (M(W)/M(W^'))**2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
The AAD 2012AV quoted limit is for a SM-like right-handed W^' using p p collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. W^' --> lepton nu decay is assumed to be forbidden.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2012BB use p p collisions data at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The quoted limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = (M(W)/M(W^'))**2.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2012CK  search for p p --> t W^', W^' --> tbar q events in p p collisions.  See their Fig. 5 for the limit on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AAD 2012M search for right-handed W_{{R}} in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. W_{{R}} is assumed to decay into lepton and hypothetical heavy neutrino N, with N decaying into lepton j j. See their Fig. 4 for the limit in the mass(N)-mass(W^') plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AALTONEN 2012N search for p pbar --> t W^', W^' --> tbar d events in p pbar collisions. See their Fig. 3 for the limit on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2012AR search for p p --> t W^', W^' --> tbar d events in p p collisions. See their Fig. 2 for the limit on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2012BG search for right-handed W_{{R}} in  collisions sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. W_{{R}} is assumed to decay into lepton and hypothetical heavy neutrino N, with N decaying into lepton j j. See their Fig. 3 for the limit in the mass(N)-mass(W^') plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
ABAZOV 2011H use data from p pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. The quoted limit is obtained assuming W^' W Z coupling strength is the same as the ordinary W W Z coupling strength in the Standard Model.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
ABAZOV 2011L limit is for W^' with SM-like coupling which interferes  with the SM W boson, using p pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV.  For W^' with right-handed coupling, the bound becomes >885 GeV (>890 GeV) if W^' decays to  both leptons and quarks (only to quarks). If both left- and right-handed couplings present, the  limit becomes >916 GeV.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AALTONEN 2010N use p pbar collision data at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. The quoted limit assumes g(W^' W Z)/g(W W Z) = (M(W)/M(W^'))**2. See their Fig.4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AALTONEN 2009AC search for new particle decaying to dijets using p pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
The ACOSTA 2003B  quoted limit is for M(W^')>>M(nu_{{R}}), using p pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV. For M(W^')<M(nu_{{R}}), M(W^') between 225 and 566 GeV is excluded.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
AFFOLDER 2001I combine a new bound on W^' --> e nu of 754 GeV, using p pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV, with the bound of ABE 2000 on W^' --> mu nu to obtain quoted bound.


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
ABACHI 1995E assume that the decay W^' --> W Z is suppressed and that the neutrino from W^' decay is stable and has a mass significantly less mass(W^').


pdgid: S056W1C
text:
RIZZO 1993 analyses CDF limit on possible two-jet resonances.  The limit is sensitive to the inclusion of the assumed K factor.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
ALVES 2024 limit quoted above is from B(pi --> e nu)/B(pi --> mu nu) assuming  mass(nu_{{R}}) = 50 MeV in vanishing W_{{L}}-W_{{R}} mixing limit. g_{{L}} = g_{{R}} is assumed.  See their Fig. 2 for limits in mass(nu_{{R}})-mass(W_{{R}}) plane.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
PRIEELS 2014 limit is from mu+ --> e+ nu nubar decay  parameter xi^'', which is determined by the positron polarization measurement.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
WAUTERS 2010 limit is from a measurement of the asymmetry parameter of polarized Co60 beta decays. The listed limit assumes no mixing.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
ZHANG 2008 limit uses a lattice QCD calculation of the relevant hadronic matrix elements, while BEALL 1982 limit used the vacuum saturation approximation.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
MELCONIAN 2007 measure the neutrino angular asymmetry in beta+-decays of polarized K37, stored in a magneto-optical trap. Result is consistent with SM prediction and does not constrain the W_L - W_R mixing angle appreciably.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
SCHUMANN 2007 limit is from measurements of the asymmetry <pvector(nu).sigma_{{n}}> in the beta decay of polarized neutrons. Zero mixing is assumed.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
CYBURT 2005 limit follows by requiring that three light nu_{{R}}'s decouple when T_{{{dec}}}() > 140 MeV. For different T_{{{dec}}}(), the bound becomes M(W_{{R}}) > 3.3 TeV (T_{{{dec}}}() / 140 MeV)**3/4.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
THOMAS 2001 limit is from measurement of beta+ polarization in decay of polarized N12. The listed limit assumes no mixing.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
BARENBOIM 1998 assumes minimal left-right model with Higgs of SU(2)(R) in SU(2)(L) doublet.  For Higgs in SU(2)(L) triplet, mass(W_{{R}})>1100 GeV.  Bound calculated from effect of corresponding Z_{{LR}} on electroweak data through Z-Z_{{LR}} mixing.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
The quoted limit is from mu decay parameters.  BARENBOIM 1997 also evaluate limit from K_{{L}}-K_{{S}} mass difference.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
ALLET 1996 measured polarization-asymmetry correlation in  ^12N beta+ decay. The listed limit assumes zero L-R mixing.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
KUZNETSOV 1995 limit is from measurements of the asymmetry <pvector(nu).sigma_{{n}}> in the beta decay of polarized neutrons. Zero mixing assumed. See also KUZNETSOV 1994B.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
KUZNETSOV 1994B limit is from measurements of the asymmetry <pvector(nu).sigma_{{n}}> in the beta decay of polarized neutrons. Zero mixing assumed.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
BHATTACHARYYA 1993 uses Z-Z^' mixing limit from LEP '90 data, assuming a specific Higgs sector of SU(2)(L)xSU(2)(R)xU(1) gauge model.  The limit is for mass(t)=200 GeV and slightly improves for smaller mass(t).


pdgid: S056MR
text:
SEVERIJNS 1993 measured polarization-asymmetry correlation in  ^107In  beta+ decay. The listed limit assumes zero L-R mixing. Value quoted here is from SEVERIJNS 1994 erratum.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
IMAZATO 1992 measure positron asymmetry in K+ --> mu+ nu_mu decay and obtain xiP_{{mu}}>0.990 (90% CL). If W_{{R}} couples to u sbar with full weak strength (V(u s)**R=1), the result corresponds to mass(W_{{R}})>653 GeV.  See their Fig.4 for mass(W_{{R}}) limits for general |V(u s)**R|**2=1-|V(u d)**R|**2.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
POLAK 1992B limit is from fit to muon decay parameters and is essentially determined by JODIDIO 1986 data assuming zeta=0. Supersedes POLAK 1991.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
AQUINO 1991 limits obtained from neutron lifetime and asymmetries together with unitarity of the CKM matrix. Manifest left-right symmetry assumed. Stronger of the two limits also includes muon decay results.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
COLANGELO 1991 limit uses hadronic matrix elements evaluated by QCD sum rule and is less restrictive than BEALL 1982 limit which uses vacuum saturation approximation.  Manifest left-right symmetry assumed.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
POLAK 1991 limit is from fit to muon decay parameters and is essentially determined by JODIDIO 1986 data assuming zeta=0. Superseded by POLAK 1992B.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
LANGACKER 1989B limit is for any nu_{{R}} mass (either Dirac or Majorana) and for a general class of right-handed quark mixing matrices.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
BALKE 1988 limit is for mass(nu(e R)) = 0 and mass(nu(mu R)) <= 50 MeV. Limits come from precise measurements of the muon decay asymmetry as a function of the positron energy.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
JODIDIO 1986 is the same TRIUMF experiment as STOKER 1985 (and CARR 1983); however, it uses a different technique.  The results given here are combined results of the two techniques.  The technique here involves precise measurement of the end-point e+ spectrum in the decay of the highly polarized mu+.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
STOKER 1985 is same TRIUMF experiment as CARR 1983.  Here they measure the decay e+ spectrum asymmetry above 46 MeV/c using a muon-spin-rotation technique.  Assumed a light right-handed neutrino. Quoted limits are from combining with CARR 1983.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
CARR 1983 is TRIUMF experiment with a highly polarized mu+ beam. Looked for deviation from V-A at the high momentum end of the decay e+ energy spectrum.  Limit from previous world-average muon polarization parameter is mass(W_{{R}}) >240 GeV.  Assumes a light right-handed neutrino.


pdgid: S056MR
text:
BEALL 1982 limit is obtained assuming that W_{{R}} contribution to K(L)0-K(S)0 mass difference is smaller than the standard one, neglecting the top quark contributions. Manifest left-right symmetry assumed.


pdgid: S056WRZ
text:
MISHRA 1992 limit is from the absence of extra large-x, large-y nubar_mu N --> nubar_mu X events at Tevatron, assuming left-handed nu and right-handed nubar in the neutrino beam.  The result gives zeta**2(1-2mass**2(W_{{1}})/mass**2(W_{{2}}))<0.0015. The limit is independent of nu_{{R}} mass.


pdgid: S056WRZ
text:
AQUINO 1991 limits obtained from neutron lifetime and asymmetries together with unitarity of the CKM matrix. Manifest left-right asymmetry is assumed.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2023AF search for resonance decaying to b bbar in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on .


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
TUMASYAN 2022AE set limits on Z^' from the measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry  in e+ e- and mu+ mu- events in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is  for the sequential SM Z^'. See their Fig. 6 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2021N search for resonance decaying to e+ e-, mu+ mu- in p p collisions  at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
AAD 2020T search for resonances decaying to b bbar in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. See their Fig. 7(b) for limits on the product of the cross section, acceptance, b-tagging  efficiency, and branching fraction.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018BB search for resonances decaying to lepton+ lepton- in p p collisions  at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig.5 for limits on the Z^' coupling strengths with light  quarks.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
AABOUD 2017AT search for resonances decaying to lepton+ lepton- in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2017H search for resonances decaying to tau+ tau- in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2017T search for resonances decaying to e+ e-, mu+ mu- in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 8, 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
AABOUD 2016U search for resonances decaying to lepton+ lepton- in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2015AE search for resonances decaying to e+ e-, mu+ mu- in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
BOBOVNIKOV 2018 use the ATLAS limits on sigma(p p --> Z^').B(Z^' --> W+ W-)  to constrain the Z-Z^' mixing parameter xi.   See their Fig. 11 for limits in  M(Z^')-xi plane.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2013AF search for resonances decaying to e+ e-, mu+ mu- in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and 8 TeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
AALTONEN 2011I search for resonances decaying to mu+ mu- in  p pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
The quoted limit assumes g(W W Z^')/g(W W Z) = (M(W)/M(Z^'))**2. See their Fig.4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
ACOSTA 2005R search for resonances decaying to tau lepton pairs in pbar p collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
ABAZOV 2001B search for resonances in p pbar --> e+ e- at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV. They find sigma.B(Z^' --> e e)<0.06pb for M(Z^')>500 GeV.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
BARATE 2000I search for deviations in cross section and asymmetries in e+ e- --> fermions at sqrt(s)=90 to 183 GeV.  Assume theta=0. Bounds in the mass-mixing plane are shown in their Figure18.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
ALITTI 1993 search for resonances in the two-jet invariant mass.  The limit assumes B(Z^' --> q qbar)=0.7.  See their Fig.5 for limits in the mass(Z^')-B(q qbar) plane.


pdgid: S056Z1C
text:
ABE 1990F use data for R, R(lepton lepton), and A(lepton lepton). They fix mass(W) = 80.49+-0.43+-0.24 GeV and mass(Z) = 91.13+-0.03 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
TUMASYAN 2023BE search for pair production of heavy Majorana neutrinos via the decay of a  Z^' boson in a final state with lepton+ lepton- and at least two jets. For cases with  mass(N) = M(Z^')/4, their 95% CL limits are M(Z^') > 3.59 TeV  (> 4.10 TeV) in the dielectron (dimuon) channel. See their Fig. 5 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
BOBOVNIKOV 2018 use the ATLAS limits on sigma(p p --> Z^').B(Z^' --> W+ W-)  to constrain the Z-Z^' mixing parameter xi. See their Fig. 10 for limits in  M(Z^')-xi plane.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
ABDALLAH 2006C give 95% CL limit |theta|< 0.0028. See their Fig. 14 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
ABBIENDI 2004G give 95% CL limit on Z-Z^' mixing -0.00098 <theta< 0.00190. See their Fig. 20 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane.  sqrt(s) = 91 to 207GeV.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
ABREU 2000S give 95% CL limit on Z-Z^' mixing |theta|<0.0018. See their Fig.6 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. sqrt(s)=90 to 189 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
ERLER 2000 discuss the possibility that a discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of Q_{{W}}(Cs) is due to the exchange of Z^'.  The data are better described in a certain class of the Z^' models including Z(LR) and Z_{{chi}}.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
CASALBUONI 1999 discuss the discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of Q_{{W}}(Cs).  It is shown that the data are better described in a class of models including the Z(LR) model.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
CZAKON 1999 perform a simultaneous fit to charged and neutral sectors. Assumes manifest left-right symmetric model.  Finds |theta|<0.0042.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
BARENBOIM 1998 also gives 68% CL limits on the Z-Z^' mixing -0.0005<theta<0.0033. Assumes Higgs sector of minimal left-right model.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
VILAIN 1994B assume mass(t) = 150 GeV and theta=0.  See Fig.2 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
GRIFOLS 1990 limit holds for mass(nu_{{R}}) ~<1 MeV.  A specific Higgs sector is assumed.  See also GRIFOLS 1990D, RIZZO 1991.


pdgid: S056ZLR
text:
BARBIERI 1989B limit holds for mass(nu_{{R}})<=10 MeV. Bounds depend on assumed supernova core temperature.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
BOBOVNIKOV 2018 use the ATLAS limits on sigma(p p --> Z^').B(Z^' --> W+ W-)  to constrain the Z-Z^' mixing parameter xi. See their Fig. 9 for limits in  M(Z^')-xi plane.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
AALTONEN 2009V search for resonances decaying to mu+ mu- in p pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96TeV.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
ABDALLAH 2006C give 95% CL limit |theta|< 0.0031. See their Fig. 14 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
ABULENCIA 2005A search for resonances decaying to electron or muon pairs in p pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
ABBIENDI 2004G give 95% CL limit on Z-Z^' mixing -0.00099 <theta< 0.00194. See their Fig. 20 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane.  sqrt(s) = 91 to 207GeV.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
BARGER 2003B limit is from the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrino deltaN(nu)<1.  The quark-hadron transition temperature T(c)=150 MeV is assumed. The limit with T(c)=400 MeV is >4300 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
ABREU 2000S give 95% CL limit on Z-Z^' mixing |theta|<0.0017. See their Fig.6 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. sqrt(s)=90 to 189 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
CHO 2000 use various electroweak data to constrain Z^' models assuming mass(H)=100 GeV.  See Fig.3 for limits in the mass-mixing plane.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
ERLER 2000 discuss the possibility that a discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of Q_{{W}}(Cs) is due to the exchange of Z^'.  The data are better described in a certain class of the Z^' models including Z_{{LR}} and Z_{{chi}}.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
ROSNER 2000 discusses the possibility that a discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of Q_{{W}}(Cs) is due to the exchange of Z^'.  The data are better described in a certain class of the Z^' models including Z_{{chi}}.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
FARAGGI 1991 limit assumes the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of neutrinos DeltaN_{{nu}} < 0.5 and is valid for mass(nu_{{R}}) < 1 MeV.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
ABE 1990F use data for R, R(lepton lepton), and A(lepton lepton). ABE 1990F fix mass(W) = 80.49+-0.43+-0.24 GeV and mass(Z) = 91.13+-0.03 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZCH
text:
Assumes  the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrinos (deltaN(nu) <1) and that  nu_{{R}} is light (~<1 MeV).


pdgid: S056ZPS
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018BB search for resonances decaying to lepton+ lepton- in p p collisions  at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056ZPS
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2012M search for resonances decaying to e+ e- or mu+ mu- in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV.


pdgid: S056ZPS
text:
ABDALLAH 2006C give 95% CL limit |theta|< 0.0027. See their Fig. 14 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.


pdgid: S056ZPS
text:
ABBIENDI 2004G give 95% CL limit on Z-Z^' mixing -0.00129 <theta< 0.00258. See their Fig. 20 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane.  sqrt(s) = 91 to 207GeV.


pdgid: S056ZPS
text:
BARGER 2003B limit is from the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrino deltaN(nu)<1.  The quark-hadron transition temperature T(c)=150 MeV is assumed. The limit with T(c)=400 MeV is >1100 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZPS
text:
Assumes the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrinos (deltaN(nu) <1) and that nu_{{R}} is light (~<1 MeV).


pdgid: S056ZET
text:
ABDALLAH 2006C give 95% CL limit |theta|< 0.0092. See their Fig. 14 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane.


pdgid: S056ZET
text:
ABBIENDI 2004G give 95% CL limit on Z-Z^' mixing -0.00447 <theta<0.00331. See their Fig. 20 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane.  sqrt(s) = 91 to 207GeV.


pdgid: S056ZET
text:
BARGER 2003B limit is from the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrino deltaN(nu)<1.  The quark-hadron transition temperature T(c)=150 MeV is assumed. The limit with T(c)=400 MeV is >3300 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZET
text:
ABREU 2000S give 95% CL limit on Z-Z^' mixing |theta|<0.0024. See their Fig.6 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. sqrt(s)=90 to 189 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZET
text:
These authors claim that the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrinos (deltaN(nu) <1) constrains Z^' masses if nu_{{R}} is light (~<1 MeV).


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2023O search for resonances decaying to H Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The  quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(Z^') > 2800 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
TUMASYAN 2023AF search for resonance decaying to b bbar in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 1. See their   Fig. 4 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
TUMASYAN 2023AP search for resonances decaying to W W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit   becomes M(Z^') > 4.8 TeV assuming M(W^') =   M(Z^') and  combining W^' --> W Z, W^' --> W H, Z^' --> W W, Z^' --> Z H   channels.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
TUMASYAN 2023AP search for resonances decaying to $ZH$ in $pp$ collisions at  $sqrt{s}=13,$TeV.  The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ with $g_V=3$. The  limit becomes  $M_{Z'}>4.8$~TeV assuming $M_{W'}=M_{Z'}$ and combining $W'to WZ$, $W'to WH$,  $Z'to WW$, $Z'to ZH$  channels.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
TUMASYAN 2022D search for resonances produced through Drell-Yan and vector-boson-fusion  processes in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on . The  quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet W^' with g_{{V}} = 3 produced mainly via Drell-Yan.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2021X search for resonances decaying to H Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The  limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit  becomes  M(Z^') > 3500 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2020AJ search for resonances decaying to H Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(Z^') > 2200 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. See their Fig. 6 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2020AM search for a resonance decaying to t tbar in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for a leptophobic top-color Z^' with  width(Z^')/M(Z^') = 0.01. The limit becomes M(Z^') > 4700 GeV for  width(Z^')/M(Z^') = 0.03.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2020AT search for resonances decaying to W W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(Z^') > 3500 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. See their Fig. 14 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020Q search for resonances decaying to W W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2019AS search for a resonance decaying to t tbar in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for a top-color Z^' with  Gamma(Z^')/M(Z^') = 0.01. Limits are also set on Z^' masses in  simplified Dark Matter models.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2019D search for resonances decaying to W W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(Z^') > 2900 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(Z^') =  M(W^'), the limit increases M(Z^') > 3800 GeV and  M(Z^') > 3500 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their  Fig. 9 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019AA search for a resonance decaying to t tbar in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for a leptophobic top-color Z^' with  Gamma(Z^')/M(Z^') = 0.01.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019CP present a statistical combinations of searches for Z^' decaying to pairs  of bosons or leptons in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for  heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. If we assume M(Z^') =  M(W^'), the limit becomes M(Z^') > 4500 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and  M(Z^') > 5000 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. See their Figs. 2 and 3 for limits on  .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019I search for resonances decaying to Z W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(Z^') > 2800 GeV if we assume M(Z^') =  M(W^').


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2018AB search for resonances decaying to b bbar in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a leptophobic Z^' with SM-like couplings to quarks. See  their Fig. 6 for limits on . Additional limits on a Z^' axial-vector mediator in a  simplified dark-matter model are shown in Fig. 7.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2018AI search for resonances decaying to H Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(Z^') > 2650 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(W^') =  M(Z^'), the limit increases M(Z^') > 2930 GeV and  M(Z^') > 2800 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their  Fig. 5 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2018AK search for resonances decaying to W W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =1  3 TeV. The limit quoted above is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit  becomes M(Z^') > 2750 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2018B search for resonances decaying to W W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 1. See their Fig.11 for  limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2018BI search for a resonance decaying to t tbar in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for a top-color assisted TC Z^' with Gamma(Z^')/M(Z^') = 0.01. The limits for wider resonances are  available. See their Fig. 14 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2018F search for resonances decaying to W W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes  M(Z^') > 2200 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(Z^') =  M(W^'), the limit increases M(Z^') > 3500 GeV and  M(Z^') > 3100 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their  Fig.5 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018ED search for resonances decaying to H Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit above is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. If we assume  M(Z^') = M(W^'), the limit increases M(Z^')  > 2900 GeV and M(Z^') > 2800 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1,  respectively.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018P give this limit for a heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. If they  assume M(Z^') = M(W^'), the limit increases to  M(Z^') > 3800 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2017AK search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in $pp$ collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a leptophobic Z^' boson having axial-vector  coupling strength with quarks g_{{q}} = 0.2. The limit is 2100 GeV if g_{{q}} = 0.1.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2017AO search for resonances decaying to H Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a Z^' in the heavy-vector-triplet model with g_{{V}} = 3.  See their Fig.4 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017AK search for resonances decaying to W W or H Z in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 8 and 13 TeV.   The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes M(Z^') > 2200 GeV for g_{{V}} =1. If we assume  M(Z^') = M(W^'), the limit increases M(Z^')  > 2400 GeV for both g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1. See their Fig.1 and 2 for limits on  sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017Q search for a resonance decaying to t tbar in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a resonance with relative width  Gamma(Z^') / M(Z^') = 0.01. Limits for wider resonances are  available. See their Fig.6 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017R search for resonances decaying to H Z in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. Mass regions  M(Z^') < 1150 GeV and 1250 GeV < M(Z^') < 1670  GeV are excluded for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(Z^') = M(W^'),  the excluded mass regions are 1000 < M(Z^') < 2500 GeV and 2760  < M(Z^') < 3300 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3; 1000 <  M(Z^') < 2430 GeV and 2810 < M(Z^') < 3130 GeV  for g_{{V}} = 1. See their Fig.5 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2024AA search for Z^' production in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Z^'  is assumed to decay into a pair of dark quarks which hadronise into dark hadrons before promptly  decaying back as SM particles. The dark pions are either assumed to decay directly to SM quarks or  through dark photons. See their Fig. 7 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2024AE search for resonances decaying to q q, t t, t b, V V, V H,  lepton lepton, lepton tau, tau nu, tau tau in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. The quoted limit is for heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. M(Z^')  = M(W^') is assumed. The limit becomes M(Z^') > 5.8 TeV for  g_{{V}} = 1.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2024AY search for a low-mass leptophobic Z^' produced in association of high pT  ISR photon or jet in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The Z^' coupling with quarks  g_{{q}} is constrained below 0.07 for 250 < M(Z^') < 650 GeV. See  their Fig. 8 for exclusion limit in the mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2024BJ search for top-philic Z^' in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See  their Fig. 9 for limits on CS(p p --> t ( tbar ) Z^').B(Z^' --> t tbar).


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2024BR search for L_{{mu}}-L_{{tau}} Z^' in 3 mu final states in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Limits are combined with previous search results in the 4 mu  final states reported in AAD 2023X. See their Fig. 4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2024CD search for a DM simplified Z^' produced in association with W or Z in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Z^' is assumed to decay invisibly. See their Fig. 13  for limits in M(Z^')-M_{{DM}} plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2024CI give a summary of searches for DM simplified Z^' in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Figs. 6 -- 11 for the limits.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2024CM search for pair productions of dark pions pi_D()+ pi_D()- in t t b b  events of p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. pi_D()+- --> t b decay is assumed. The  production cross section is computed in a model with dark rho_{{D}}()0 assuming dark isospin  symmetry mass(rho_{{D}}()+-) = mass(rho_{{D}}()0), mass(pi_{{D}}()+-) = mass(pi_{{D}}()0). See their Fig. 12  for limits on the production cross sections.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ABLIKIM 2024G search for a muonphilic Z^' and a muonphilic scalar X_{{0}}() in decays of  J/psi --> mu+ mu- + invisible. See their Fig. 3 for limits in the mass coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ADACHI 2024F for a muonphilic Z^' and a muonphilic scalar X_{{0}}() in mu+ mu- mu+ mu- events  of e+ e- collisions at sqrt(s) = 10.58 GeV. See their Fig. 14 for limits in mass-coupling  plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AKITA 2024 limit is from no events of high-energy SN1987A neutrinos. The Z^' coupling  down to g ~3E-10 is excluded for M(Z^') < 400 MeV in the  L_{{mu}}-L_{{tau}} Z^' model. See their Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 for exclusion limits in  mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ANDREEV 2024 search for Z^' production in mu-nucleus scattering. Z^' is assumed  to decay invisibly. See their Fig. 4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ANDREEV 2024B search for Z^' production in e+--nucleus scattering. Z^' is assumed  to decay invisibly. See their Fig. 4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ANDREEV 2024E search for Z^' production in mu-nucleus scattering. Invisible decays of  Z^' are assumed. See their Fig. 17 and Fig. 19 for limits in mass-coupling plane for Z^'  masses from 0.001 to 1 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
BISWAS 2024 search for leptophilic scalar X_{{0}}() produced in association with tau+ tau- in e+ e-  collisions near sqrt(s) = 10.58 GeV. X_{{0}}() is assumed to decay into e+ e- or mu+ mu-.  See their Fig. 7 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024AZ search for Z^' resonances produced via kinetic mixing parameter  epsilon and decaying to s_D sbar_D in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Both s_{{D}}  and sbar_{{D}} are assumed to decay into mu+ mu-. See their Fig. 7 for limits on  epsilon^2B(Z^' --> s_D sbar_D)B**2(s_D --> mu+ mu-).


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024G search for singly produced narrow resonances decaying to j j j in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 2 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024W search for W+ W- + notET events in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. Z^' is assumed to decay into dark Higgs S (--> W+ W-) and DM particles chi chi. See  their Fig. 5 for exclusion limits on the production cross section.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2023BF search for a Dark Matter (DM) simplified Z^' produced in association with  W   in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9(c) for limits on  as  a   function  of M(Z^').


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2023W set limits on a dark Higgs model with a spin-1 mediator Z^' and a dark Higgs  s.  Dark  Higgs s is assumed to decay into W W. See their Fig. 9 for limits in  M(Z^')-M_{{s}} plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2023X set limits on L_{{mu}}-L_{{tau}} of Z^' using four-muon final states in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ADACHI 2023B search for Z^' produced in association with mu+ mu- and decaying  invisibly in e+ e- collisions at sqrt(s) = 10.58 GeV. See their Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 for limits  in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ADACHI 2023F search for resonances decaying to tau+ tau- in mu+ mu- tau+ tau- events  in e+ e- collisions at sqrt(s) = 10.58 GeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2023D search for mu+ mu- resonance produced in association with one or more  b-jets in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits in the  mass-coupling plane of the B_{{3}}-L_{{2}} Z^' model.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2023G search for spin-0 and spin-1 resonances decaying to mu+ mu- in $pp$  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV in the mass ranges of 1.1 -- 2.6 GeV and 4.2 -- 7.9  GeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
LI 2023I limits on light Z^' couplings are dervied from the steller cooling bounds in the  mass range of E4 -- E6 eV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on dark photon,  B-L, L_{{mu}}-L_{{tau}}, and  L_{{e}}-L(mu(tau)) models.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
MANZARI 2023 study supernova cooling induced by the emission of light dark fermions chi  assumed to couple with leptons via a new massive vector boson Z^'. See their Figs. 4 and 5 for  limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2022 search for b bbar Z^' productions in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  Z^' is assumed to decay into b bbar. See their Fig.4 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2022D search for DM mediator Z^' produced in association with a Z boson in $pp$  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Z^' is assumed to decay invisibly Z^' --> chi chi. See  their Fig. 4 for limits in M(Z^')-M(chi) plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ANDREEV 2022 search for missing energy in CERN NA64-e experiment. See their Fig. 7 for limits  on   couplings of U(1) gauge L_{{mu}}-L_{{tau}} Z^' models, in the mass range of  1 MeV < M(Z^') < 600 MeV   with the kinetic Z^'-gamma  mixing being determined by mu and tau loops.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
BONET 2022 obtain limits on Z^' coupling from nu-nucleus scattering data collected by  the CONUS experiment at the nuclear power plant in Brokdorf. See their Fig. 5 for limits in  mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
COLOMA 2022 set limits on Z^' coupling from nu-nucleus and nu-e scattering  data collected by a  Ge detector at the Dresden-II power reactor and the COHERENT  experiment. See their Fig.  6 for limits in mass-coupling plane in the mass range of 1 keV <  M(Z^')  < 5 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
COLOMA 2022A use Borexino Phase-II spectral data to constrain Z^' couplings. See their  Fig. 5 for limits in mass-coupling plane in the mass range of 10 keV <  M(Z^') < 100 MeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
CZANK 2022 search for Z^' produced in association with mu+ mu- in e+ e-  collisions at and near Upsilon resonances. Z^' is assumed to decay into mu+ mu-. See  their Fig. 8 for limits on Z^' mu mu couplings.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
TUMASYAN 2022AA search for Z^' production in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  Z^' is assumed to decay into two "semivisible" jets (SVJ), i.e., collimated mixtures of visible  and invisible particles. See their Fig. 7 and 8 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2021AQ limits are for a B - L gauge boson model derived from their  measurements on four-lepton differential cross sections. See their Fig. 13 for exclusion limits on  the B - L breaking Higgs boson mass.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2021AZ search for DM mediator Z^' produced in association with a SM Higgs boson in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Z^' is assumed to decay invisibly Z^' --> chi chi.  See their Fig.7 for limits in M(Z^')-M_{{chi}} plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2021BB search for Z^' productions in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Z^'    is assumed to  decay into a SM Higgs boson H and an invisible particle A. See their Fig.7    for limits in  M(Z^')-M_{{A}} plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2021D set limits on a dark Higgs model with a spin-1 mediator  Z^' and a scalar dark   Higgs boson s. Dark Higgs s is assumed to decay into W W or  Z Z. See their Fig.4   for limits in M(Z^')-M_{{s}} plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2021K search for gamma + notET events in p p collision at sqrt(s) = 13  TeV. See  their Fig. 5 for limits on Z^' particle invisibly decaying to chi chi.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
CADEDDU 2021 obtain limits on Z^' coupling g(Z^') from coherent  nu-nucleus scattering data collected by COHERENT experiment. For limits in the   M(Z^')-g(Z^') plane, see their Figures 3 and 4 for the universal  Z^' model and Figures 5 and 6 for the B-L model.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
COLARESI 2021 obtain limits on Z^' coupling from coherent nu-nucleus scattering data  collected  by a Ge detector at the Dresden-II power reactor. See their Fig.7 for limits  in  mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
KRIBS 2021 set decay-agnostic limits on kinetic mixing parameter between U(1)(Y) field   and new heavy abelian vector boson (dark photon) field using the HERA e p collision data. See   their Fig. 3 for limits in mass-mixing plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
TUMASYAN 2021D search for energetic jets + notET events in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Z^' is assumed to decay into a pair of invisible particles chi chi. See  their Fig. 7 for limits on signal strength in M(Z^')-M_{{chi}} plane, and Fig. 8  for limits on signal strength in quark and dark matter coupling vs mediator mass.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2020AF search for resonances decaying to H gamma in p p collisions at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV. See their Fig. 1c for limits on  for the mass range 0.7 < mass(Z^') <  4 TeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2020T search for Dark Matter mediator Z^' decaying invisibly or decaying to q qbar in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits in  M(Z^')-g_{{q}} plane from the inclusive category. See their Fig. 7(a) for  limits on the product of the cross section, acceptance, b-tagging efficiency, and branching  fraction from the 2 b-tag category.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2020W search for a Dark Matter (DM) simplified model Z^' produced in association with  W in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on Z^' production  cross section.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAIJ 2020AL search for spin-0 and spin-1 resonances  decaying to mu+ mu-  in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV in the mass regions M(Z^') < 60 GeV, with  non-negligible widths considered above 20 GeV. See their Figs. 7, 8, and 9 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ADACHI 2020 search for production of Z^'  in e+ e- collisions. The Z^' is assume  to decay invisibly. See their Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 for limits on Z^' coupling and CS(e+ e- --> e+- mu-+ Z^').


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020AI search for broad resonances decaying  into  dijets in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 11 for exclusion limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020AQ search for a narrow resonance lighter than 200 GeV decaying to mu+ mu- in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on Z^' kinetic mixing  coefficient.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020M search for a narrow resonance with a  mass between 350 and 700 GeV in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig.3 for exclusion limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2019AJ search in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV for a new resonance decaying  to q qbar and produced in association with a high pT photon. For a leptophobic  axial-vector Z^' in the mass region 250 GeV < M(Z^') < 950 GeV,  the Z^' coupling with quarks g_{{q}} is constrained below 0.18. See their Fig.2 for limits in  M(Z^')-g_{{q}} plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2019D search in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV for a new resonance decaying  to q qbar and produced in association with a high-pT photon or jet. For a leptophobic  axial-vector Z^' in the mass region 100 GeV < M(Z^') < 220 GeV, the Z^' coupling with quarks g_{{q}} is constrained below 0.23. See their Fig. 6 for limits in  M(Z^')-g_{{q}} plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2019V search for Dark Matter simplified Z^' decaying invisibly  or decaying to  fermion pair in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2019L search for resonances decaying to lepton+ lepton- in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits in the heavy vector triplet model couplings.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
LONG 2019 uses the weak charge data of Cesium and proton to constrain mass of Z^' in the  3-3-1 models.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
PANDEY 2019 obtain limits on Z^' induced neutrino non-standard interaction (NSI)  parameter epsilon from LHC and IceCube data. See their Fig.2 for limits in  M(Z^')-epsilon plane, where epsilon = g_{{q}} g(nu)  v**2 / (2 M(Z^')**2).


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019AL search for a new resonance decaying to a  top quark and a heavy vector-like  top partner in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on Z^'  production cross section.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019AN search for a Dark Matter (DM) simplified model Z^' decaying  to H DM  DM in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limits on the signal strength  modifiers.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019CB search in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV for a new resonance  decaying to q qbar. For a leptophobic Z^' in the mass region 50 -- 300 GeV,  the  Z^' coupling with quarks g_{{q}}^' is constrained below 0.2. See their Figs. 4 and 5 for limits  on g_{{q}}^' in the mass range 50 < M(Z^') < 450 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019CD search in p p collisions at sqrt(s)=13 TeV for a leptophobic Z^'  produced in association of high pT ISR photon and decaying to q qbar. See their Fig. 2  for limits on the Z^' coupling strength g_{{q}}^' to q qbar in the mass range between 10  and 125 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019D search for a narrow neutral vector resonance decaying to H gamma. See  their Fig. 3 for exclusion limit in M(Z^')-sigma B plane. Upper  limits on the production of H gamma resonances are set as a function of the resonance mass in  the range of 720 -- 3250 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2018AA search for a narrow neutral vector boson decaying to H gamma.  See their Fig. 10 for the exclusion limit in M(Z^') - sigmaB plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2018CJ search for heavy-vector-triplet $Z'$ in $pp$ collisions  at $sqrt{s}=13$ TeV.  The limit quoted above is for model with $g_V=3$ assuming $M_{Z'}=M_{W'}$. The limit becomes  $M_{Z'}>5500$ GeV for model with $g_V=1$.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2018N search for a narrow resonance decaying to q qbar in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV using  trigger level analysis to improve the low mass region sensitivity. See  their Fig. 5 for limits in the mass-coupling plane in the Z^' mass range 450 -- 1800 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAIJ 2018AQ search for spin-0 and spin-1 resonances decaying to mu+ mu- in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV in the mass region near 10 GeV. See their Figs. 4 and 5 for  limits on sigma B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018DR searches for mu+ mu- resonances produced in association with b-jets  in the p p collision data with sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and 13 TeV. An excess of events near  mass(mu mu) = 28 GeV is observed in the 8 TeV data. See their Fig. 3 for the measured  fiducial signal cross sections  at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and the 95% CL upper limits at sqrt(s) =  13 TeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018G search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV in the mass range 50 -- 300 GeV. See their Fig.7 for limits in the  mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018I search for a narrow resonance decaying to b bbar in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 8 TeV using dedicated b-tagged dijet triggers to improve the sensitivity in the low mass  region. See their Fig. 3 for limits on sigma.B in the Z^' mass range  325 -- 1200 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2017B search for resonances decaying to H Z (H --> b bbar, c cbar; Z --> lepton+ lepton-,  nu nubar) in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for  heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes M(Z^')> 1490 GeV  for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(Z^') = M(W^'), the limit increases  M(Z^')> 2310 GeV and M(Z^')> 1730 GeV for g_{{V}} = 3 and  g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their Fig.3 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2017AX search for lepto-phobic resonances decaying to four leptons in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2017U search for resonances decaying to H Z (H --> b bbar; Z --> lepton+ lepton-, nu nubar) in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit on the heavy-vector-triplet model is  M(Z^') = M(W^') > 2 TeV for g_{{V}} = 3, in which  constraints from the W^' --> H W (H --> b bbar; W --> lepton nu) are combined. See  their Fig.3 and Fig.4 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017A search for resonances decaying to W W with W W --> lepton nu q qbar,  q qbar q qbar in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The quoted limit is for  heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3. The limit becomes M(Z^') >  1600 GeV for g_{{V}} = 1. If we assume M(Z^') = M(W^'), the limit  increases M(Z^') > 2400 GeV and M(Z^') > 2300 GeV for  g_{{V}} = 3 and g_{{V}} = 1, respectively. See their Fig.6 for limits on  sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017AP search for resonances decaying into a SM-like Higgs scalar H and a light  pseudo scalar A. A is assumed to decay invisibly. See their Fig.9 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017T search for a new resonance decaying to dijets in $pp$ collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV in the mass range 100 -- 300 GeV. See their Fig.3 for limits in the  mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017V search for a new resonance decaying to a top quark and a heavy vector-like top  partner T in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their table 5 for limits on the  Z^' production cross section for various values of M(Z^') and  M(T) in the range of M(Z^') = 1500 -- 2500 GeV and  M(T) = 700 -- 1500 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AABOUD 2016 search for a narrow resonance decaying into b bbar in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a leptophobic Z^' with SM-like  couplings to  quarks. See their Fig.6 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2016L search for Z^' --> a gamma , a --> gamma gamma in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. See their Table 6 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2016S search for a new resonance decaying to dijets  in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is for a leptophobic Z^' having  coupling strength with quark g_{{q}} = 0.3 and is  taken from their Figure 3.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016AP search for a resonance decaying to H Z in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. Both H and Z are assumed to decay to fat jets. The quoted limit is for  heavy-vector-triplet Z^' with g_{{V}} = 3.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016E search for a leptophobic top-color Z^' decaying to t tbar using p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The quoted limit assumes that width(Z^')/mass(Z^') = 0.012. Also mass(Z^') < 2.9 TeV is excluded for wider topcolor Z^' with width(Z^')/mass(Z^') = 0.1.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
<a class=a  href='https://inspirehep.net/literature/1373299' target='_blank'>AAD 2015AO</a> search for narrow resonance decaying to t tbar using p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. See Fig. 11 for limit on sigmaB.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2015AT search for monotop production plus large missing E(T) events in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and give constraints on a Z^' model having Z^' u tbar coupling. Z^' is assumed to decay invisibly. See their Fig. 6 for limits on  sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2015CD search for decays of Higgs bosons to 4 lepton states via Z^' bosons, H --> Z Z^' --> 4 lepton or H --> Z^' Z^' --> 4 lepton. See Fig. 5 for the limit on the signal strength of the H --> Z Z^' --> 4 lepton process and Fig. 16 for the limit on H --> Z^' Z^' --> 4 lepton.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2015F search for monotop production plus large missing E(T) events in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and give constraints on a Z^' model having Z^' u tbar coupling. Z^' is assumed to decay invisibly. See Fig. 3 for limits on sigmaB.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2015O search for narrow Z^' resonance decaying to Z H in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 6 for limit on sigmaB.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2014AT search for a narrow neutral vector boson decaying to Z gamma. See their Fig. 3b for the exclusion limit in mass(Z^')-sigmaB plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2014A search for new resonance in the W W (lepton nu q qbar) and the Z Z (lepton lepton q qbar) channels using p p collisions at sqrt(s)=8 TeV. See their Fig.13 for the exclusion limit on the number of events in the mass-width plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2013AQ search for a leptophobic top-color Z^' decaying to t tbar. The quoted limit assumes that width(Z^')/mass(Z^') = 0.012.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2013BM search for top-color Z^' decaying to t tbar using p p collisions at sqrt(s)=8 TeV. The quoted limit is for width(Z^')/mass(Z^') = 0.012.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2013AP search for top-color leptophobic Z^' decaying to t tbar using p p collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The quoted limit is for width(Z^')/mass(Z^') = 0.012.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2012BV search for narrow resonance decaying to t tbar using p p collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. See their Fig. 7 for limit on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AAD 2012K search for narrow resonance decaying to t tbar using p p collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limit on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AALTONEN 2012AR search for chromophilic Z^' in p pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limit on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
AALTONEN 2012N search for p pbar --> t Z^', Z^' --> tbar u events in p pbar collisions. See their Fig. 3 for the limit on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
ABAZOV 2012R search for top-color Z^' boson decaying exclusively to t tbar. The quoted limit is for width(Z^')/mass(Z^')= 0.012.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2012AI search for p p --> t t events and give constraints on a Z^' model having Z^' ubar t coupling. See their Fig. 4 for the limit in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2011O search for same-sign top production in p p collisions induced by a hypothetical FCNC Z^'() at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limit in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
BARGER 2003B use the nucleosynthesis bound on the effective number of light neutrino deltaN(nu). See their Figs.4 -- 5 for limits in general E(6) motivated models.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
CHO 2000 use various electroweak data to constrain Z^' models assuming mass(H)=100 GeV. See Fig.2 for limits in general E(6)-motivated models.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
CHO 1998 study constraints on four-Fermi contact interactions obtained from low-energy electroweak experiments, assuming no Z-Z^' mixing.


pdgid: S056ZOT
text:
Search for Z^' decaying to dijets at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV. For Z^' with electromagnetic strength coupling, no bound is obtained.


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
CABARCAS 2024 use constraints on the non-standard neutrino interactions reported by ANTARES  and IceCube expreriments to constrain Z^' models with mu tau coupling.  See their Figs. 1  and 2 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
AAD 2023CB search for a new particle with lepton-flavor violating decay in p p collisions  at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Figs.4, 5, and 6 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
TUMASYAN 2023H search for a new particle with lepton-flavor violating decay in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on .


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
AABOUD 2018CM search for a new particle with lepton-flavor violating decay in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Figs. 4, 5, and 6 for limits on sigma B.


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018AT search for a narrow resonance Z^' decaying  into e mu in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig.5 for limit on sigma.B in the  range of 600 GeV < M(Z^') < 5000 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
AABOUD 2016P search for new particle with lepton flavor violating decay in p p collisions  at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Figs.2, 3, and 4 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016BE search for new particle Z^' with lepton flavor violating decay in p p  collisions atsqrt(s) = 8 TeV in the range of 200 GeV < M(Z^')< 2000 GeV. See  their Fig.4 for limits on sigma.B and their Table 5 for bounds on various  masses.


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
AAD 2015O search for new particle Z^' with lepton flavor violating decay in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV in the range of 500 GeV < M(Z^') < 3000 GeV. See  their Fig. 2 for limits on sigmaB.


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
AAD 2011H search for new particle Z^' with lepton flavor violating decay in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in the range of 700 GeV < M(Z^') < 1000 GeV. See  their Fig. 3 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
AAD 2011Z search for new particle Z^' with lepton flavor violating decay in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in the range 700 GeV < M(Z^') < 2000 GeV. See  their Fig. 3 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056ZLF
text:
ABULENCIA 2006M search for new particle Z^' with lepton flavor violating decay in p pbar  collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96TeV in the range of 100 GeV < M(Z^') <  800 GeV. See their Fig.4 for limits in the mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056KKI
text:
MUECK 2002 limit is 2sigma and is from global electroweak fit ignoring correlations among observables.  Higgs is assumed to be confined on the brane and its mass is fixed.  For scenarios of bulk Higgs, of brane-SU(2)(L), bulk-U(1)(Y), and of bulk-SU(2)(L), brane-U(1)(Y), the corresponding limits are >4.6 TeV, >4.3 TeV and >3.0 TeV, respectively.


pdgid: S056KKI
text:
Bound is derived from limits on e nu q q^' contact interaction, using data from HERA and the Tevatron.


pdgid: S056KKI
text:
Bound holds only if first two generations of quarks lives on separate branes.  If quark mixing is not complex, then bound lowers to 400TeV from Deltamass(K).


pdgid: S056KKI
text:
See Figs.1 and 2 of DELGADO 2000 for several model variations. Special boundary conditions can be found which permit KK states down to 950GeV and that agree with the measurement of Q(W)(Cs).  Quoted bound assumes all Higgs bosons confined to brane; placing one Higgs doublet in the bulk lowers bound to 2.3TeV.


pdgid: S056KKI
text:
Bound is derived from global electroweak analysis assuming the Higgs field is trapped on the matter brane. If the Higgs propagates in the bulk, the bound increases to 3.8TeV.


pdgid: S056KKI
text:
Global electroweak analysis used to obtain bound independent of position of Higgs on brane or in bulk.


pdgid: S056KKI
text:
Bounds from effect of KK states on G(F), alpha, M(W), and M(Z).  Hard cutoff at string scale determined using gauge coupling unification.  Limits for d=2,3,4 rise to 3.5, 5.7, and 7.8 TeV.


pdgid: S056KKI
text:
Bound obtained for Higgs confined to the matter brane with mass(H)=500 GeV. For Higgs in the bulk, the bound increases to 3.5TeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024AV search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t e in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion limit on sigma.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024AV search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t mu in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion limit on sigma.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024AV search for kappa = 1 vector leptoquarks decaying to t e in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 11 for exclusion limit on sigma. The limit  becomes M(LQ) > 1.67 TeV for minimal coupling vector LQ with kappa = 0.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024AV search for kappa = 1 vector leptoquarks decaying to t mu in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 11 for exclusion limit on sigma. The limit  becomes M(LQ) > 1.67 TeV for minimal coupling vector LQ with kappa = 0.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024O search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to b tau or t nu. See their Fig. 2a for  exclusion limit on M_{{LQ}} as function of B(b tau).


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024O search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t tau or b nu. See their Fig. 2b for  exclusion limit on M_{{LQ}} as function of B(t tau).


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024O search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to b mu or t nu. See their Fig. 3a for exclusion  limit on M_{{LQ}} as function of B(b mu).


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024O search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t mu or b nu. See their Fig.4 a for exclusion  limit on M_{{LQ}} as function of B(t mu).


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024O search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to b e or t nu. See their Fig. 3b for exclusion  limit on M_{{LQ}} as function of B(b e).


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024O search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t e or b nu. See their Fig. 4b for exclusion  limit on M_{{LQ}} as function of B(t e).


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024O search for vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu or b tau with kappa = 1. The limit  becomes > 1580 GeV for kappa = 0.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024O search for vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu or b mu with kappa = 1. The limit  becomes > 1710 GeV for kappa = 0.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2024O search for vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu or b e with kappa = 1. The limit  becomes > 1620 GeV for kappa = 0.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024O search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to b mu. See their Fig. 7 for  exclusion limit on leptoquark pair production cross section as function of M_{{LQ}}.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024O search for kappa = 1 vector leptoquarks decaying to b mu. The limit  becomes M_{{LQ}} > 2120 GeV for kappa = 0.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024Z search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to b tau and produced through  single, pair, and nonresonantly in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above  assumes scalar leptoquarks with B(b tau) = 1 and leptoquark coupling strength lambda = 0. See  their Fig. 7 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024Z search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to b tau and produced through  single, pair, and nonresonantly in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above  assumes kappa = 1 vector leptoquarks with B(b tau) = 1 and leptoquark coupling strength  lambda = 0. See their Fig. 8 for limits in mass-coupling plane and for limits with kappa = 0.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2023BJ search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to c tau in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for exclusion limit on sigma as function of M_{{LQ}}.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2023CF search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to b tau. The limit quoted  above is for scalar leptoquark. See their Fig. 9 for limits on leptoquark pair production cross  sections.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2023CF search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to b tau. The limit quoted  above is for vector leptoquark with kappa = 1. The limit becomes M_{{LQ}} > 1650 for  vector leptoquark with kappa = 0. See their Fig. 9 for limits on leptoquark pair production  cross sections.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2023F search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t nu and b mu in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in B(b mu)-M_{{LQ}} plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2023F search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t nu and b e in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in B(b e)-M_{{LQ}} plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2023F search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t mu and b nu in p p   collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in B(t mu)-M_{{LQ}} plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2023F search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t e and b nu in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 9 for exclusion contour in B(t e)-M_{{LQ}} plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2023F search for kappa = 1 (YM coupling) vector leptoquarks decaying  to t nu and  b mu in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. If kappa = 0 (minimal  coupling) is  assumed, the  limit  becomes M_{{LQ}} > 1710 GeV. See their Fig. 10 for  exclusion contour in  B(b mu)-M_{{LQ}} plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2023F search for kappa = 1 (YM coupling) vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu and  b e in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. If kappa = 0 (minimal coupling) is assumed,  the limit   becomes M_{{LQ}} > 1620 GeV. See their Fig. 10 for exclusion contour in B(b e)-M_{{LQ}}  plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
TUMASYAN 2022H search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t e. See their Fig. 27 for  exclusion limit on leptoquark pair production cross section as function of M_{{LQ}}.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
TUMASYAN 2022H search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t mu. See their Fig. 27 for  exclusion limit on leptoquark pair production cross section as function of M_{{LQ}}.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
TUMASYAN 2022H search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t tau. See their Fig. 27 for  exclusion limit on leptoquark pair production cross section as function of M_{{LQ}}.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2021AG search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t e. See their Fig. 6 for exclusion  limit on B(t e) as function of M_{{LQ}}.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2021AG search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t mu. See their Fig. 6 for exclusion  limit on B(t mu) as function of M_{{LQ}}.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2021AW search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to b tau. See their Fig. 9 for  exclusion contour in B(b tau)-M_{{LQ}} plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2021AW search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t tau. See their Fig. 9 for  exclusion contour in B(t tau)-M_{{LQ}} plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2021AW search for kappa = 1 vector leptoquarks decaying to b tau. See their Fig.  10 for  exclusion contour in B(b tau)-M_{{LQ}} plane and for limit on kappa = 0  vector  leptoquarks.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2021S search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to b nu in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  The limit above assumes B(b nu) = 1. For B(b nu) = 0.05, the limit  becomes 400 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2021T search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t tau in p p collisions at   sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit above assumes B(t tau) = 1. For B(t tau) = 0.5, the   limit becomes 1220 GeV. See their Fig. 15b for limits on B(t tau) as a function of  leptoquark mass.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2021J search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t tau and b nu in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2021J search for vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu and b tau in p p   collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above assumes kappa = 1. If we assume   kappa = 0, the limit  becomes M_{{LQ}} > 1290 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2020AK search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to e q, e b, e c, mu q,  mu b, mu c. The quoted limit assumes B(e q) = 1. See their Fig. 9 for limits on  B(e q), B(e b), B(e c), B(mu q), B(mu b), B(mu c) as a function  of leptoquark mass.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2020AK search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to e q, e b, e c, mu q,  mu b, mu c. The quoted limit assumes B(mu q) = 1. See their Fig. 9 for limits on  B(e q), B(e b), B(e c), B(mu q), B(mu b), B(mu c) as a function  of leptoquark mass.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu, and  q nu (q = u, d, s, c). The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark  with B(nu b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu, and  q nu (q = u, d, s, c). The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark  with B(nu t) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu, and  q nu (q = u, d, s, c). The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark  with B(nu q) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu, and  q nu (q = u, d, s, c). The limit quoted above assumes vector leptoquark  with B(nu b) = 1 and kappa = 1. If we assume kappa = 0, the limit becomes M_{{LQ}}  > 1560 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu, and  q nu (q = u, d, s, c). The limit quoted above assumes vector leptoquark  with B(nu t) = 1 and kappa = 1. If we assume kappa = 0, the limit becomes M_{{LQ}}  > 1475 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020A search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu, and  q nu (q = u, d, s, c). The limit quoted above assumes vector leptoquark  with B(nu q) = 1 and kappa = 1. If we assume kappa = 0, the limit becomes M_{{LQ}}  > 1560 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AABOUD 2019AX search for leptoquarks using e e j j events in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AABOUD 2019AX search for leptoquarks using mu mu j j events in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit above assumes B(mu q) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AABOUD 2019X search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to b tau in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AABOUD 2019X search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to t tau in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019BI search for a pair of scalar leptoquarks decaying to mu mu j j and to  mu nu j j final states in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Limits are shown as a  function of beta where beta is the branching fraction to a muon and a quark. For beta =  1.0 (0.5) LQ masses up to 1530 (1285) GeV are excluded. See Fig. 9 for exclusion limits in the  plane of beta and LQ mass.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019BJ search for a pair of scalar leptoquarks decaying to e e j j and e nu j j final  states in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. Limits are shown as a function of the branching  fraction beta to an electron and a quark. For beta = 1.0 (0.5) LQ masses up to 1435  (1270) GeV are excluded. See Fig. 9 for exclusion limits in the plane of beta and LQ mass.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019Y search for a pair of third generation scalar leptoquarks, each decaying to  tau and a jet. Assuming B(tau b) = 1, leptoquark masses below 1.02 TeV are excluded.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018CZ search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to tau t in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit above assumes B(tau t) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018EC set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to mu t, tau t,  and nu b. The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with B(mu t) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018EC set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to mu t, tau t,  and nu b. The limit quoted above assumes vector leptoquark with all possible combinations of  branching fractions to mu t, tau t, and nu b.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu,  and q nu. The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with B(b nu) = 1. Vector  leptoquarks with kappa = 1 are excluded below masses of 1810 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu,  and q nu. The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with B(q nu) = 1. Vector  leptoquarks with kappa = 1 are excluded below masses of 1790 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu,  and q nu. The limit quoted above assumes scalar leptoquark with B(nu t) = 1. Vector  leptoquarks with kappa = 1 are excluded below masses of 1780 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu,  and q nu.  kappa = 1 and LQ --> b nu are assumed.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu,  and q nu. kappa = 1 and LQ --> q nu with q =  u,d,s,c are assumed.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018U set limits for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu, b nu,  and q nu. kappa = 1 and LQ --> t nu are assumed.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2017J search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to tau b using p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit above assumes B(tau b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2017H search for scalar leptoquarks using tau tau b b events in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The limit above assumes B(tau b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2016G search for scalar leptoquarks using e e j j events in collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2016G search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j events in collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The limit above assumes B(mu q) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016AF search for scalar leptoquarks using e e j j and e nu j j events in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q)= 1. For B(e q) =  0.5, the limit becomes 850 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016AF search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j and mu nu j j events  in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The limit above assumes B(mu q) = 1. For B(mu q) =  0.5, the limit becomes 760 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2015AJ search for scalar leptoquarks using tau tau t t  events in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The limit above assumes B(tau t) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2014T search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to tau b using p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The limit above assumes B(tau b) = 1. See their Fig. 5 for  the exclusion limit as function of B(tau b).


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019BC search for scalar leptoquark (LQ) pair production in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. One LQ is assumed to decay to mu q, while the other decays to dark matter  pair and SM particles. See their Fig. 4 for limits in  M(LQ)-M(DM) plane.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2013AE search for scalar leptoquarks using tau tau b b events in p p collisions at Ecm = 7TeV. The limit above assumes B(tau b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2013M search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to tau b in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. The limit above is for scalar leptoquarks with B(tau b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2012H search for scalar leptoquarks using e e  j j and e nu j j events in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q) = 1. For B(e q) = 0.5, the limit becomes 607 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2012O search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j and mu nu j j events in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV.  The limit above assumes B(mu q) = 1. For B(mu q) = 0.5, the limit becomes 594 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2012AG search for scalar leptoquarks using e e j j and e nu j j events in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV.  The  limit above assumes B(e q) = 1. For B(e q) = 0.5, the limit becomes 640 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2012AG search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j and mu nu j j events in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV.  The  limit above assumes B(mu q) = 1. For B(mu q) = 0.5, the limit becomes 650 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2012BO search for scalar leptoquarks decaying to  nu b in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV.  The limit above assumes B(nu b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2011D search for scalar leptoquarks using e e j j and e nu j j events in p p collisions  at Ecm = 7 TeV.The limit above assumes B(e q) = 1. For B(e q) = 0.5, the limit becomes 319 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AAD 2011D search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j and mu nu j j events in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. The limit above assumes B(mu q) = 1. For B(mu q) = 0.5, the limit becomes 362 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2011V search for scalar leptoquarks using e nu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q) = 0.5.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2011N search for scalar leptoquarks using e nu j j events in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV.  The limit above assumes B(e q) = 0.5.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2011D search for scalar leptoquarks using e e j j events in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2011E search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j events in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV.  The limit above assumes B(mu q) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2010L search for pair productions of scalar leptoquark state decaying to nu b in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes B(nu b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2009 search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j and mu nu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes B(mu q) = 1. For B(mu q) = 0.5, the limit becomes 270 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2009AF search for scalar leptoquarks using e e j j and e nu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q) = 1. For B(e q) = 0.5 the bound becomes 284 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AALTONEN 2008P search for vector leptoquarks using tau+ tau- b bbar events in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. Assuming Yang-Mills (minimal) couplings, the mass limit is >317 GeV (251 GeV) at 95% CL for B(tau b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
Search for pair production of scalar leptoquark state decaying to tau b in p pbar collisions at Ecm= 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes B(tau b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
Search for scalar leptoquarks using nu nu j j events in pbar p collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes B(nu q) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2007J search for pair productions of scalar leptoquark state decaying to nu b in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes B(nu b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2006A search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.8 TeV and 1.96 TeV.  The limit above assumes B(mu q) = 1.  For B(mu q) = 0.5, the limit becomes 204 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2006L search for scalar leptoquarks using nu nu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.8TeV and at 1.96TeV. The limit above assumes B(nu q) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABULENCIA 2006T search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j, mu nu j j, and nu nu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96TeV. The quoted limit assumes B(mu q) = 1. For B(mu q) = 0.5 or 0.1, the bound becomes 208GeV or 143GeV, respectively. See their Fig.4 for the exclusion limit as a function of B(mu q).


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2005H search for scalar leptoquarks using e e j j and e nu j j events in pbar p collisions at Ecm = 1.8 TeV and 1.96 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q) = 1.  For B(e q) = 0.5 the bound becomes 234 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ACOSTA 2005P search for scalar leptoquarks using e e j j, e nu j j events in pbar p collisions at Ecm = 1.96TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q) = 1. For B(e q) = 0.5 and 0.1, the bound becomes 205 GeV and  145 GeV, respectively.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABBIENDI 2003R search for scalar/vector leptoquarks in e+ e- collisions at sqrt(s) = 189 -- 209 GeV. The quoted limits are for charge -4/3 isospin 0 scalar-leptoquark with B(lepton q) = 1. See their table 12 for other cases.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2002 search for scalar leptoquarks using nu nu j j events in pbar p collisions at Ecm=1.8 TeV.  The bound holds for all leptoquark generations. Vector leptoquarks are likewise constrained to lie above 200 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABAZOV 2001D search for scalar leptoquarks using e nu j j, e e j j, and nu nu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm=1.8 TeV.  The limit above assumes B(e q)=1. For B(e q)=0.5 and 0, the bound becomes 204 and 79GeV, respectively. Bounds for vector leptoquarks are also given. Supersedes ABBOTT 1998E.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABBIENDI 2000M search for scalar/vector leptoquarks in e+ e- collisions at sqrt(s)=183 GeV.  The quoted limits are for charge -4/3 isospin0 scalar-leptoquarks with B(lepton q)=1.  See their Table8 and Figs.6 -- 9 for other cases.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABBOTT 2000C search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j, mu nu j j, and nu nu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm=1.8 TeV.  The limit above assumes B(mu q)=1. For B(mu q)=0.5 and 0, the bound becomes 180 and 79 GeV respectively.  Bounds for vector leptoquarks are also given.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AFFOLDER 2000K search for scalar leptoquark using nu nu c c events in p pbar collisions at Ecm=1.8TeV. The quoted limit assumes B(nu c)=1. Bounds for vector leptoquarks are also given.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
AFFOLDER 2000K search for scalar leptoquark using nu nu b b events in p pbar collisions at Ecm=1.8TeV. The quoted limit assumes B(nu b)=1. Bounds for vector leptoquarks are also given.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABBOTT 1999J search for leptoquarks using mu nu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm= 1.8TeV.  The quoted limit is for a scalar leptoquark with B(mu q) = B(nu q) = 0.5. Limits on vector leptoquarks range from 240 to 290 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABBOTT 1998E search for scalar leptoquarks using e nu j j, e e j j, and nu nu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm=1.8 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q)=1. For B(e q)=0.5 and 0, the bound becomes 204 and 79 GeV, respectively.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABBOTT 1998J search for charge -1/3 third generation scalar and vector leptoquarks in p pbar collisions at Ecm= 1.8 TeV. The quoted limit is for scalar leptoquark with B(nu b)=1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABE 1998S search for scalar leptoquarks using mu mu j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm= 1.8TeV. The limit is for B(mu q)= 1.  For B(mu q)=B(nu q)=0.5, the limit is >160 GeV.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
GROSS-PILCHER 1998 is the combined limit of the CDF and D0 Collaborations as determined by a joint CDF/D0 working group and reported in this FNAL Technical Memo.  Original data published in ABE 1997X and ABBOTT 1998E.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABE 1997F search for third generation scalar and vector leptoquarks in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.8 TeV.  The quoted limit is for scalar leptoquark with B(tau b) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
ABE 1997X search for scalar leptoquarks using e e j j events in p pbar collisions at Ecm=1.8 TeV. The limit is for B(e q)=1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
First and second generation leptoquarks are assumed to be degenerate.  The limit is slightly lower for each generation.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
Limits are for charge -1/3, isospin-0 scalar leptoquarks decaying to lepton- q or nu q with any branching ratio.  See paper for limits for other charge-isospin assignments of leptoquarks.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
KIM 1990 assume pair production of charge 2/3 scalar-leptoquark via photon exchange.  The decay of the first (second) generation leptoquark is assumed to be any mixture of d e+ and u nubar (s mu+ and c nubar). See paper for limits for specific branching ratios.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
BARTEL 1987B limit is valid when a pair of charge 2/3 spinless leptoquarks X is produced with point coupling, and when they decay under the constraint B(X --> c nubar_mu) + B(X --> s mu+) = 1.


pdgid: S056EGT
text:
BEHREND 1986B assumed that a charge 2/3 spinless leptoquark, chi, decays either into s mu+ or c nubar:  B(chi --> s mu+) + B(chi --> c nubar) = 1.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024C search for single production of scalar leptoquarks decaying to q tau+  (q = u ,d , s , b) in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above is  for a leptoquark produced in tau u collisions and the leptoquark coupling strength lambda =  1.  See their Fig. 4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024C search for single production of scalar leptoquarks decaying to q tau+   (q = u ,d , s , b) in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  The limit quoted above is  for a leptoquark produced in tau d collisions and the leptoquark coupling strength lambda =  1. See their Fig. 4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024Z search for scalar and vector leptoquarks decaying to b tau and produced  through single, pair, and nonresonantly in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit  quoted above is derived solely from single production limit and assumes scalar leptoquark decaying  to b tau. The leptoquark coupling strength lambda = 1 is assumed. See their Fig. 7 and Fig.  8 for combined limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
AAD 2023BZ search for single production of charge 4/3 scalar leptoquarks decaying to b tau-, and  charge 2/3 vector leptoquarks decaying to bbar tau- in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  The limit quoted above assumes a scalar leptoquark with B(b tau) = 1 and the leptoquark  coupling strength lambda = 1.0.  The limit becomes M_{{LQ}} > 1530 GeV for lambda =  2.5.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
SIRUNYAN 2021J search for single production of charge -1/3 scalar leptoquarks decaying   to t tau- and b nu, and charge 2/3 vector leptoquarks decaying to t nu and b tau+   in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit quoted above assumes a scalar leptoquark with   B(t tau) = B(b nu) = 0.5 and the leptoquark coupling strength lambda = 1.5. The   limit becomes M_{{LQ}} > 750 GeV for lambda = 2.5.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018BJ search for single production of charge 2/3 scalar leptoquarks decaying to  tau b in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit above assumes B(tau b) = 1  and the leptoquark coupling strength lambda = 1.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016AG search for single production of charge +-1/3 scalar leptoquarks  using e e j events in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The limit above assumes B(e q) = 1  and the leptoquark coupling strength lambda = 1.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2016AG search for single production of charge +-1/3 scalar leptoquarks  using mu mu j events  in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The limit above assumes  B(mu q) = 1 and the leptoquark coupling strength lambda = 1.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
ABRAMOWICZ 2012A limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge -1/3 leptoquark  coupled with e_{{R}}. See their Figs. 12 -- 17 and Table 4 for states with different quantum numbers.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
Limit from single production in Z decay. The limit is for a leptoquark coupling of electromagnetic strength and assumes B(lepton q) = 2/3. The limit is 77 GeV if first and second leptoquarks are degenerate.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
AAD 2022E leptoquarks decaying both to u e- and c mu- are constrained from the  comparison of the  production cross sections for e+ mu- and e- mu+ in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.  Scalar leptoquarks with M(LQ) < 1880 GeV are excluded for  g^eu =  g**mu c = 1.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
TUMASYAN 2021D search for energetic jets + notET events in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The branching fraction for the decay of the leptoquark into an electron neutrino  and up quark is assumed to be 100% (beta = 0). See their Fig. 12 for exclusion limits  in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
DEY 2016 use the 2010-2012 IceCube PeV energy data set to  constrain the leptoquark  production cross section through the nu q --> LQ --> nu q process. See their Figure 4  for the exclusion limit in the mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
AARON 2011A search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings.  See their Figs.2 -- 3 and Tables1 -- 4 for detailed limits.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
The quoted limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge -1/3 leptoquark coupled with e_{{R}}. See  their Figs. 3 -- 5 for limits on states with different quantum numbers.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
ABAZOV 2007E search for leptoquark single production through q g fusion process in p pbar collisions. See their Fig. 4 for exclusion plot in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
AKTAS 2005B limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge -1/3 leptoquark coupled with e_{{R}}. See their Fig. 3 for limits on states with different quantum numbers.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
CHEKANOV 2005 search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings. See their Figs.6--10 and Tables 1--8 for detailed limits.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
CHEKANOV 2003B limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge -1/3 leptoquark coupled with e_{{R}}.  See their Figs.11 -- 12 and Table5 for limits on states with different quantum numbers.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
For limits on states with different quantum numbers and the limits in the mass-coupling plane, see their Fig.4 and Fig.5.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
CHEKANOV 2002 search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings.  See their Figs.6 -- 7 and Tables5 -- 6 for detailed limits.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
For limits on states with different quantum numbers and the limits in the mass-coupling plane, see their Fig.3.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
BREITWEG 2000E search for F=0 leptoquarks in e+ p collisions. For limits in mass-coupling plane, see their Fig.11.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
ABREU 1999G limit obtained from process e gamma --> LQ+q. For limits on vector and scalar states with different quantum numbers and the limits in the coupling-mass plane, see their Fig.4 and Table2.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
For limits on states with different quantum numbers and the limits in the mass-coupling plane, see their Fig.13 and Fig.14. ADLOFF 1999 also search for leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings. ADLOFF 1999 supersedes AID 1996B.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
DERRICK 1997 search for various leptoquarks with lepton-flavor violating couplings.  See their Figs.5--8 and Table1 for detailed limits.


pdgid: S056ESP
text:
DERRICK 1993 search for single leptoquark production in e p collisions with the decay e q and nu q. The limit is for leptoquark coupling of electromagnetic strength and assumes B(e q) = B(nu q) = 1/2. The limit for B(e q) = 1 is 176 GeV. For limits on states with different quantum numbers, see their Table3.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
AAD 2024W search for leptoquark induced mu tau q t (q = u, c) contact  interaction in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 7b for limits in  mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
CALABRESE 2023 obtain limits on leptoquark coupling from coherent nu-nucleus scattering  data  collected by COHERENT experiment. See their Fig. 3 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
TUMASYAN 2023AW search for tau nu events mediated by t-channel leptoquark exchange in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 10 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
TUMASYAN 2023S search for leptoquark induced b bbar --> tau+ tau- process in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 12 for limits on a vector b tau leptoquark in  mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
CRIVELLIN 2021A set limits on coupling strengths of scalar and vector leptoquarks using K --> pi nu nu, K --> pi e+ e-,    K0-Kbar0 and D0-Dbar0 mixings, and weak neutral current measurements.   See  their Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for the limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
AEBISCHER 2020 explain the B decay anomalies using four-fermion operator Wilson  coefficents. See their Table 1. These Wilson coefficients may be generated by a U_{{1}} vector  leptoquark with U_{{1}} transforming as (3,1)(2/3) under the SM gauge group. See their Figures  6, 7, 8 for the regions of the LQ parameter space which explains the B anomalies and avoids the  indirect low energy constraints.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
DEPPISCH 2020 limits on the lepton-number-violating higher-dimensional-operators are derived  from K --> pi nu nu in the standard model effective field theory. These  higher-dimensional-operators may be induced from leptoquark-exchange diagrams.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ABRAMOWICZ 2019 obtain a limit on lambda/M_{{LQ}} > 1.16 TeV**-1 for weak  isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark S_{{1}}^L. We obtain the limit quoted above by converting the limit on  lambda/M_{{LQ}} for S_{{1}}^L assuming lambda = sqrt(4 pi). See their  Table 5 for the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers. These limits are derived from  bounds of e q contact interactions.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
MANDAL 2019 give bounds on leptoquarks from  tau-decays, leptonic dipole moments,  lepton-flavor-violating processes, and K decays.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ZHANG 2018A give bounds on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from D --> K lepton nu. The authors inform us that the shape parameter of the vector form factor in both the abstract and  the conclusions of ZHANG 2018A should be r(+1) = 2.16+-0.07 rather than  +-0.007. The numbers listed in their Table 7 are correct.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
BARRANCO 2016 give bounds on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from D --> K lepton nu  and D_s --> lepton nu.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
KUMAR 2016 gives bound on SU(2) singlet scalar leptoquark with chrge -1/3 from  K0-Kbar0 mixing, K --> pi nu nubar, K0L --> mu+ mu-, and K0L --> mu+- e-+  decays.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
BESSAA 2015 obtain limit on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from the ATLAS and CMS limit on the  qbar q ebar e  contact interactions.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
SAHOO 2015A obtain limit on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from B_s,d --> mu+ mu- for lambda ~ O(1).


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
SAKAKI 2013 explain the B --> D^(*)() tau nubar anomaly using Wilson coefficients of leptoquark-induced four-fermion operators.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
KOSNIK 2012 obtains limits on leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions from b --> s lepton+ lepton- decays.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
AARON 2011C limit is for weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark at strong coupling lambda = sqrt(4pi). For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table 3. Limits are derived from bounds of e q contact intereractions.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
DORSNER 2011 give bounds on scalar, weak singlet, charge 4/3 leptoquark from K, B, tau decays, meson mixings, LFV, g-2 and Z --> b bbar.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
AKTAS 2007A search for lepton-flavor violation in e p collision. See their Tables 4 -- 7 for limits on lepton-flavor violating four-fermion interactions induced by various leptoquarks.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
SCHAEL 2007A limit is for the weak-isoscalar spin-0 left-handed leptoquark with the coupling of electromagnetic strength. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table 35.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
SMIRNOV 2007 obtains mass limits for the vector and scalar chiral leptoquark states from K --> e mu, B --> e tau decays.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ADLOFF 2003 limit is for the weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark at strong coupling lambda=sqrt(4pi). For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table3. Limits are derived from bounds on e+- q contact interactions.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
CHEKANOV 2002 search for lepton-flavor violation in e p collisions. See their Tables1 -- 4 for limits on lepton-flavor violating and four-fermion interactions induced by various leptoquarks.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
CHEUNG 2001B quoted limit is for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge -1/3 leptoquark with a coupling of electromagnetic strength. The limit is derived from bounds on contact interactions in a global electroweak analysis. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see Table5.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ACCIARRI 2000P limit is for the weak isoscalar spin-0 leptoquark with the coupling of electromagnetic strength. For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table4.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ADLOFF 2000 limit is for the weak isotriplet spin-0 leptoquark at strong coupling, lambda=sqrt(4pi). For the limits of leptoquarks with different quantum numbers, see their Table2. ADLOFF 2000 limits are from the Q**2 spectrum measurement of e+ p --> e+ X.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
BARATE 2000I search for deviations in cross section and jet-charge asymmetry in e+ e- --> qbar q due to t-channel exchange of a leptoquark at sqrt(s)=130 to 183 GeV. Limits for other scalar and vector leptoquarks are also given in their Table22.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
BARGER 2000 explain the deviation of atomic parity violation in cesium atoms from prediction is explained by scalar leptoquark exchange.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ZARNECKI 2000 limit is derived from data of HERA, LEP, and Tevatron and from various low-energy data including atomic parity violation. Leptoquark coupling with electromagnetic strength is assumed.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ABBIENDI 1999 limits are from e+ e- --> q qbar cross section at 130 -- 136, 161 -- 172, 183 GeV. See their Fig.8 and Fig.9 for limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ABE 1998V quoted limit is from B(B_s --> e+- mu-+)<8.2E-6. ABE 1998V also obtain a similar limit on M(LQ)>20.4 TeV from B(B_d --> e+- mu-+)<4.5E-6. Both bounds assume the non-canonical association of the bquark with electrons or muons under SU(4).


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ACCIARRI 1998J limit is from e+ e- --> q qbar cross section at sqrt(s)= 130 -- 172 GeV which can be affected by the t-and u-channel exchanges of leptoquarks. See their Fig.4 and Fig.5 for limits in the mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
ACKERSTAFF 1998V limits are from e+ e- --> q qbar and e+ e- --> b bbar cross sections at sqrt(s) = 130 -- 172 GeV, which can be affected by the t- and u-channel exchanges of leptoquarks. See their Fig.21 and Fig.22 for limits of leptoquarks in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
DEANDREA 1997 limit is for Rtilde_{{2}} leptoquark obtained from atomic parity violation (APV). The coupling of leptoquark is assumed to be electromagnetic strength. See Table2 for limits of the four-fermion interactions induced by various scalar leptoquark exchange. DEANDREA 1997 combines APV limit and limits from Tevatron and HERA. See Fig.1 -- 4 for combined limits of leptoquark in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
DERRICK 1997 search for lepton-flavor violation in e p collision. See their Tables2--5 for limits on lepton-flavor violating four-fermion interactions induced by various leptoquarks.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
GROSSMAN 1997 estimate the upper bounds on the branching fraction B --> tau+ tau- (X) from the absence of the B decay with large missing energy. These bounds can be used to constrain leptoquark induced four-fermion interactions.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
JADACH 1997 limit is from e+ e- --> q qbar cross section at sqrt(s)=172.3 GeV which can be affected by the t- and u-channel exchanges of leptoquarks. See their Fig.1 for limits on vector leptoquarks in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
KUZNETSOV 1995B use pi, K, B, tau decays and mu e conversion and give a list of bounds on the leptoquark mass and the fermion mixing matrix in the Pati-Salam model. The quoted limit is from K_L --> mu e decay assuming zero mixing.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
MIZUKOSHI 1995 calculate the one-loop radiative correction to the Z-physics parameters in various scalar leptoquark models. See their Fig.4 for the exclusion plot of third generation leptoquark models in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
BHATTACHARYYA 1994 limit is from one-loop radiative correction to the leptonic decay width of the Z. mass(H)=250 GeV, alpha_{{s}}(mass(Z))=0.12, mass(t)=180 GeV, and the electroweak strength of leptoquark coupling are assumed. For leptoquark coupled to ebar_L t_R, mubar t, and taubar t, see Fig.2 in BHATTACHARYYA 1994B erratum and Fig.3.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
DAVIDSON 1994 gives an extensive list of the bounds on leptoquark-induced four-fermion interactions from pi, K, D, B, mu, tau decays and meson mixings, etc. See Table15 of DAVIDSON 1994 for detail.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
KUZNETSOV 1994 gives mixing independent bound of the Pati-Salam leptoquark from the cosmological limit on pi0 --> nubar nu.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
LEURER 1994, LEURER 1994B limits are obtained from atomic parity violation and apply to any chiral leptoquark which couples to the first generation with electromagnetic strength. For a nonchiral leptoquark, universality in pi(lepton2) decay provides a much more stringent bound.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
MAHANTA 1994 gives bounds of P- and T-violating scalar-leptoquark couplings from atomic and molecular experiments.


pdgid: S056LQI
text:
From (pi --> e nu)/(pi --> mu nu) ratio. SHANKER 1982 assumes the leptoquark induced four-fermion coupling 4g**2/M**2 (nubar(eL) u(R)) (dbar_L e_R)with g=0.004 for spin-0 leptoquark and g**2/M**2 (nubar(eL) gamma_mu u_L) (dbar_{{R}} gamma^mu e_R) with g~=0.6 for spin-1 leptoquark.


pdgid: S056DQ
text:
ABREU 1994O limit is from e+ e- --> cbar sbar c s. Range extends up to 43 GeV if diquarks are degenerate in mass.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2017Y search for pair production of color-octet gauge boson g_{{A}} each decaying  to 4j in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
AAD 2016W search for a new resonance decaying to a pair of b and B_{{H}} in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The vector-like quark B_{{H}} is assumed to decay to . See  their Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 for limits on sigma.B.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2015AV search for pair productions of neutral color-octet weak-triplet scalar  particles (Theta0), decaying to b bbar, Z g or gamma g, in p p collisions at  sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The Theta0 particle is often predicted in coloron (G^', color-octet gauge  boson) models and appear in the p p collisions through G^' --> Theta0 Theta0 decays.  Assuming B(Theta0 --> b bbar) = 0.5, they give limits mass(Theta0) > 623 GeV (426 GeV)  for mass(G^') = 2.3 mass(Theta0) (mass(G^') = 5 mass(Theta0)).


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
AALTONEN 2013R search for new resonance decaying to sigma sigma, with hypothetical strongly  interacting sigma particle subsequently decaying to 2 jets, in p pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.6 fb**-1. For 50 GeV < mass(sigma) < mass(g_{{A}}())/2, axigluons in mass range 150 -- 400 GeV are excluded.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2013AU search for the pair produced color-octet vector bosons decaying to q qbar pairs in p p collisions. The quoted limit is for B(g_A --> q qbar) = 1.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
ABAZOV 2012R search for massive color octet vector particle decaying to t tbar. The quoted limit assumes g_{{A}} couplings with light quarks are suppressed by 0.2.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
AALTONEN 2010L search for massive color octet non-chiral vector particle decaying into t tbar pair with mass in the range 400 GeV < M < 800 GeV. See their Fig.6 for limit in the mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
DONCHESKI 1998 compare alpha(s) derived from low-energy data and that from Gamma(Z --> hadrons)/Gamma(Z --> leptons).


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
ABE 1990H assumes Gamma(g_{{A}}) = Nalpha_{{s}}mass(g_{{A}})/6 with N = 5(Gamma(g_{{A}}) = 0.09mass(g_{{A}})). For N = 10, the excluded region is reduced to 120-150 GeV.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
ROBINETT 1989 result demands partial-wave unitarity of J = 0 t tbar --> t tbar scattering amplitude and derives a limit mass(g_{{A}}) > 0.5 mass(t).  Assumes mass(t) > 56 GeV.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
ALBAJAR 1988B result is from the nonobservation of a peak in two-jet invariant mass distribution. Gamma(g_{{A}}) < 0.4 mass(g_{{A}}) assumed. See also BAGGER 1988.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
CUYPERS 1988 requires Gamma(Upsilon --> g g_A)<Gamma(Upsilon --> g g g ). A similar result is obtained by DONCHESKI 1988.


pdgid: S056AXG
text:
DONCHESKI 1988B requires Gamma(Upsilon --> g q qbar)/Gamma(Upsilon --> g g g ) < 0.25, where the former decay proceeds via axigluon exchange.  A more conservative estimate of < 0.5 leads to mass(g_{{A}}) > 21 GeV.


pdgid: S056COS
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020AI search for resonances decaying into  dijets in p p collisions at sqrt(s)  = 13 TeV. The limit above assumes S_{{8gg}} coupling k_{{s}}^2 = 1/2.


pdgid: S056COS
text:
SIRUNYAN 2018BO search for color octet scalar boson produced  through gluon fusion process in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The limit above assumes S_{{8gg}} coupling k_{{s}}^2 = 1/2.


pdgid: S056COS
text:
KHACHATRYAN 2015AV search for pair productions of neutral color-octet weak-triplet scalar  particles (Theta0), decaying to b bbar, Z g or gamma g, in p p collisions at    sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The Theta0 particle is often predicted in coloron (G^', color-octet  gauge boson) models and appear in the p p collisions through G^' --> Theta0 Theta0 decays.  Assuming B(Theta0 --> b bbar) = 0.5, they give limits mass(Theta0) > 623 GeV (426 GeV) for mass(G^') = 2.3 mass(Theta0) (mass(G^') = 5 mass(Theta0)).


pdgid: S056COS
text:
AAD 2013K search for pair production of color-octet scalar particles in p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. Cross section limits are interpreted as mass limits on scalar partners of a Dirac gluino.


pdgid: S056ZXG
text:
RAINBOLT 2019 limits are from B(Z --> lepton+ lepton- lepton+ lepton-). See their Figs.  5 and 6 for  limits in mass-coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ZXG
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019AZ search for p p --> Z --> X0 mu+ mu- --> mu+ mu- mu+ mu- events in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on CS(p p --> X0 mu+ mu-).B(X0 --> mu+ mu-).


pdgid: S056ZXG
text:
BARATE 1998U obtain limits on B(Z --> gamma X0)B(X0 --> lepton leptonbar ,  q qbar ,  g g ,  gamma gamma , nu nubar). See their Fig.17.


pdgid: S056ZXG
text:
See Fig.4 of ACCIARRI 1997Q for the upper limit on B(Z --> gamma X0; E(gamma)>E(min)) as a function of E(min).


pdgid: S056ZXG
text:
ACTON 1993E give sigma(e+ e- --> X0 gamma).B(X0 --> gamma gamma)<0.4pb (95%CL) for mass(X0)=60+-2.5 GeV.  If the process occurs via s-channel gamma exchange, the limit translates to Gamma(X0).B(X0 --> gamma gamma)**2<20 MeV for mass(X0) = 60+-1 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZXG
text:
ABREU 1992D give sigma_{{Z}} . B(Z --> gamma X0) . B(X0 --> hadrons) <(3 -- 10)pb for mass(X0) = 10 -- 78 GeV.  A very similar limit is obtained for spin-1 X0.


pdgid: S056ZXG
text:
ADRIANI 1992F search for isolated gamma in hadronic Z decays.  The limit sigma_{{Z}} . B(Z --> gamma X0) . B(X0 --> hadrons) <(2 -- 10)pb (95%CL) is given for mass(X0) = 25 -- 85 GeV.


pdgid: S056ZXG
text:
ACTON 1991 searches for Z --> Z^* X0, Z^* --> e+ e-, mu+ mu-, or nu nubar. Excludes any new scalar X0 with mass(X0)<9.5 GeV/c if  it has the same coupling to Z Z^* as the MSM Higgs boson.


pdgid: S056ZXG
text:
AKRAWY 1990J give Gamma(Z --> gamma X0).B(X0 --> hadrons) <1.9 MeV (95%CL) for mass(X0) = 32 -- 80 GeV. We divide by Gamma(Z) = 2.5 GeV to get product of branching ratios. For nonresonant transitions, the limit is B(Z --> gamma q qbar) <8.2 MeV assuming three-body phase space distribution.


pdgid: S056HEE
text:
ODAKA 1989 looked for a narrow or wide scalar resonance in e+ e- --> hadrons at Ecm = 55.0-60.8 GeV.


pdgid: S056HEE
text:
DERRICK 1986 found no deviation from the Standard Model Bhabha scattering at Ecm= 29 GeV and set limits on the possible scalar boson e+ e- coupling.  See their figure 4 for excluded region in the Gamma(X0 --> e+ e-)-mass(X0) plane.  Electronic chiral invariance requires a parity doublet of X0, in which case the limit applies for Gamma(X0 --> e+ e-) = 3 MeV.


pdgid: S056HEE
text:
ADEVA 1985 first limit is from 2gamma, mu+ mu-, hadrons assuming X0 is a scalar.  Second limit is from e+ e- channel. Ecm = 40-47 GeV.  Supersedes ADEVA 1984.


pdgid: S056HEE
text:
BERGER 1985B looked for effect of spin-0 boson exchange in e+ e- --> e+ e- and mu+ mu- at Ecm = 34.7 GeV.  See Fig.5 for excluded region in the mass(X0)-Gamma(X0) plane.


pdgid: S056HEE
text:
ADEVA 1984 and BEHREND 1984C have Ecm = 39.8-45.5 GeV.  MARK-J searched X0 in e+ e- --> hadrons, 2gamma, mu+ mu-, e+ e- and CELLO in the same channels plus tau pair.  No narrow or broad X0 is found in the energy range.  They also searched for the effect of X0 with mass(X) >Ecm. The second limits are from Bhabha data and for spin-0 singlet.  The same limits apply for Gamma(X0 --> e+ e-) = 2 MeV if X0 is a spin-0 doublet.  The second limit of BEHREND 1984C was read off from their figure 2. The original papers also list limits in other channels.


pdgid: S056REE
text:
Limit is for mass(X0) = 56 -- 61.5 GeV and is valid for Gamma(X0)<<100 MeV. See their Fig.5 for limits for Gamma = 1,2 GeV.


pdgid: S056REE
text:
Limit is valid for Gamma(X0)<<100 MeV.  See paper for limits for Gamma = 1 GeV and those for J = 2 resonances.


pdgid: S056REE
text:
STERNER 1993 limit is for mass(X0) = 57 -- 59.6 GeV and is valid for Gamma(X0)<100 MeV. See their Fig.2 for limits for Gamma = 1,3 GeV.


pdgid: S056EPX
text:
CHEKANOV 2002B search for photoproduction of X decaying into dijets in e p collisions.  See their Fig.5 for the limit on the photoproduction cross section.


pdgid: S056REG
text:
ABBIENDI 2003D measure the e+ e- --> gamma gamma gamma cross section at sqrt(s)=181 -- 209 GeV.  The upper bound on the production cross section, sigma(e+ e- --> X0 gamma) times the branching ratio for X0 --> gamma gamma, is less than 0.03pb at 95%CL for X0 masses between 20 and 180 GeV.  See their Fig.9b for the limits in the mass-cross section plane.


pdgid: S056REG
text:
ABREU 2000Z is from the single photon cross section at sqrt(s)=183, 189GeV. The production cross section upper limit is less than 0.3pb for X0 mass between 40 and 160 GeV.  See their Fig.4 for the limit in mass-cross section plane.


pdgid: S056REG
text:
ADAM 1996C is from the single photon production cross at sqrt(s)=130, 136 GeV.  The upper bound is less than 3pb for X0 masses between 60 and 130 GeV.  See their Fig.5 for the exact bound on the cross section CS(e+ e- --> gamma X0).


pdgid: S056ZFR
text:
ADRIANI 1992F give sigma_{{Z}}.B(Z --> q qbar X0) . B(X0 --> gamma gamma)<(0.75 -- 1.5)pb (95%CL) for mass(X0) = 10 -- 70 GeV. The limit is 1pb at 60 GeV.


pdgid: S056PPW
text:
AALTONEN 2013AA search for X0 production associated with W (or Z) in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. The upper limit on the cross section CS(p pbar --> W X0) is 2.2 pb for M(X0) = 145 GeV.


pdgid: S056PPW
text:
CHATRCHYAN 2012BR search for X0 production associated with W in p p collisions at Ecm = 7 TeV. The  upper limit on the cross section is 5.0 pb at 95% CL for  mass(X0) = 150 GeV.


pdgid: S056PPW
text:
ABAZOV 2011I search for X0 production associated with W in p pbar collisions at Ecm = 1.96 TeV. The 95% CL upper limit on the cross section ranges from 2.57 to 1.28 pb for X0 mass between 110 and 170 GeV.


pdgid: S056PPW
text:
ABE 1997W search for X0 production associated with W in p pbar collisions at Ecm=1.8 TeV. The 95%CL upper limit on the production cross section times the branching ratio for X0 --> b bbar ranges from 14 to 19pb for X0 mass between 70 and 120 GeV. See their Fig.3 for upper limits of the production cross section as a function of mass(X0).


pdgid: S056ONI
text:
ABLIKIM 2024G search for a muonphilic scalar X_{{0}}() or vector X_{{1}} boson in decays of  J/psi --> mu+ mu- + invisible. See their Fig. 3 for limits in the mass coupling plane.


pdgid: S056ONI
text:
BALEST 1995 three-body limit is for phase-space photon energy distribution and angular distribution same as for Upsilon --> g g gamma.


pdgid: S056HDC
text:
AAD 2024BQ search for X0 production via H --> X0 X0 --> b bbar tau+ tau- in p p  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 10 for limits on .


pdgid: S056HDC
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024AA search for X0 production via H(125) --> X0 X0 --> b bbar b bbar in  p p collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on .


pdgid: S056HDC
text:
AAD 2022J search for X0 production via H(125) --> X0 X0 / Z X0 --> 4lepton in p p    collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. X0 --> lepton+ lepton- decay is assumed. See their Fig. 13  and Fig. 17 for limits on  in  H(125) --> X0 X0  and H(125) --> Z X0 channels.


pdgid: S056HDC
text:
AABOUD 2018AP use p p collision data at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. X0 --> lepton+ lepton-  decay is assumed. See their Fig. 9 for limits on sigma(H(125)).B(Z X0).


pdgid: S056HDC
text:
AABOUD 2018AP use p p collision data at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. X0 --> lepton+ lepton-  decay is assumed. See their Fig. 10 for limits on sigma(H(125)).B(X0 X0).


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ABLIKIM 2024AK search for eta^' decays to axions in the mass range 0 to 500 MeV using the  BESIII detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. See Fig. 9b for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ABLIKIM 2024G search for muonphilic vector or scalar X0 particles with masses between 1  and 1000 MeV in J/psi decays at the BESIII detector. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits  on the scalar/vector couplings under three different models.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ABLIKIM 2024M search for eta and eta^' decays to dark photons in the mass range 0 to  0.7 GeV using the BESIII detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. The quoted limit is  for eta^' --> gamma X0. See Fig. 7 a and b for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
CORTINA-GIL 2024 use K+ --> pi+ gamma gamma events in NA62 to constrain 210 to 350  MeV-mass axions coupled to gluons, which promptly decay to gamma gamma.  See their Fig. 8 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
SADOVSKY 2024 report results from the OKA collaboration on a missing-mass search for  invisible axions in K+ decays to pions. The quoted limit applies at mass(A0) ~= 200 MeV.  See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits up to 200 MeV.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ADACHI 2023K quoted limit is for mass(X0) ~= 3 GeV, ctau(X0)  = 1 cm, and the decay channel X0 --> e+ e-. See their Fig. 2 for limits with different  lifetimes and decay channels, X0 -->  mu+ mu- , pi+ pi- , K+ K-.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ADACHI 2023K quoted limit is for mass(X0) ~= 2 GeV, ctau(X0)  = 1 cm, and the decay channel X0 --> e+ e-. See their Fig. 2 for limits with different  lifetimes and decay channels, X0 --> mu+ mu- , pi+ pi- , K+ K-.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
LEES 2022B quoted limit is for mass(A0) =  3.9 GeV, assuming the promptly decaying axion.   Limits of O(E-7) are obtained for mass(A0) = 0.175 -- 4.78 GeV. See their  Figs.3 and 4   for mass and lifetime dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ABRATENKO 2021 quoted limit is for mass(X0) = 150 MeV and the lifetime   ctau(X0) = 80 m. See their Fig. 4 for the limits in the range of  mass(X0) =  10 -- 210 MeV.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
CORTINA-GIL 2021 quoted limit is for mass(X0) = 370 MeV. Limits from O(E-5) and  O(E-6) are obtained for mass(X0) = 10 -- 370 MeV (see their Fig. 7).


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
CORTINA-GIL 2021A quoted limit is for mass(X0) = 160 -- 250 MeV. Limits between  5E-11 and 2E-10 are obtained in the range of mass(X0) = 0 -- 110 and 154 -- 260 MeV,  assuming stable or invisibly decaying X0. See their Fig. 4 for mass- and lifetime-dependent  limits.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
CORTINA-GIL 2021C quoted limit is for mass(X0) = 130 -- 140 MeV, and limits of   9E-10 -- 6E-7 are obtained in the mass range of mass(X0) = 110 -- 155 MeV,  assuming  X0 escapes detection. See their Fig. 6 for mass- and lifetime-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
PARK 2021 look for dark photons produced by decays of B0 through off-shell Higgs-dark  Higgs mixing. See their Fig. 5 for limits in the range of mass(X0) = 0.01 -- 2.62 GeV.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
AHN 2019 is an update of AHN 2017 from a new data set. See their Fig. 4 for the limits  in the range of mass(X0) = 0 -- 250 MeV.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
AAIJ 2017AQ limit is for meanlife(X0) = 10 ps. See their Fig. 4 for limits in the range of  mass(X0) = 250 -- 4700 MeV and meanlife(X0) = 0.1 -- 1000 ps.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
BATLEY 2017 limit is for mass(X0) = 216 MeV and meanlife(X0) <= 10 ps. See their Fig.  4(c) for limits in the range of mass(X0) = 211 -- 354 MeV and longer lifetimes.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
WON 2016 look for a vector boson coupled to baryon number. Derived limits on alpha^'  < E-3 -- E-2 for mass(X0) = 290 -- 520 MeV at 95% CL. See their Fig. 4  for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
AAIJ 2015AZ limit is for meanlife(X0) = 10 ps and mass(X0) = 214 -- 4350 MeV. See  their Fig. 4 for mass- and lifetime-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ADLARSON 2013 limits between 2.0E-5 and 1.5E-6 are obtained for mass(X0) = 20 -- 100  MeV (see their Fig. 8). Angular momentum conservation requires that X0 has spin >= 1.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
BABUSCI 2013B limit is for B(phi --> eta X0).B(X0 --> e+ e-) and applies  to mass(X0) = 410 MeV. It is derived by analyzing eta --> pi0 pi0 pi0 and pi- pi+ pi0.  Limits between 1E-6 and 2E-8 are obtained for mass(X0) <= 450 MeV (see their Fig. 6).


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ARCHILLI 2012 analyzed eta --> pi+ pi- pi0 decays. Derived limits on alpha^'/alpha < 2E-5  for mass(X0) = 50 -- 420 MeV at 90% CL. See their Fig. 8 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
GNINENKO 2012A limit is for B(pi0 --> gamma X0).B(X0 --> e+ e-) and  applies for mass(X0) = 90 MeV and meanlife(X0) ~= 1E-8 sec. Limits between E-8 and  2E-15 are obtained for mass(X0) = 3 -- 120 MeV and meanlife(X0) = 1E-11 -- 1  sec. See their Fig. 3 for limits at different masses and lifetimes.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
GNINENKO 2012B limit is for B(eta --> gamma X0).B(X0 --> e+ e-) and  applies for  mass(X0) = 100 MeV and meanlife(X0) ~= 6E-9 sec. Limits between  E-5 and 3E-14 are  obtained for mass(X0) ~< 550 MeV and meanlife(X0) = E-10 -- 10  sec. See their Fig. 5  for limits at different mass and lifetime and for eta^' decays.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ADLER 2004 limit applies for a mass near 180 MeV. For other masses in the range mass(X0) =  150 -- 250 MeV the limit is less restrictive, but still improves ADLER 2002C and  ATIYA 1993B.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
The quoted limit is for mass(X0) = 0 -- 80 MeV. See their Fig. 5 for the limit at higher mass. The branching fraction limit assumes pure phase space decay distributions.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ALTEGOER 1998 looked for X0 from pi0 decay which penetrate the shielding and convert to pi0 in the external Coulomb field of a nucleus.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
KITCHING 1997 limit is for B(K+ --> pi+ X0).B(X0 --> gamma gamma) and applies for mass(X0)~=50 MeV, tau(X0)<10**-10s. Limits are provided for 0<mass(X0)<100 MeV, tau(X0)<10**-8s.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ADLER 1996 looked for a peak in missing-mass distribution. This work is an update of ATIYA 1993.  The limit is for massless stable X0 particles and extends to mass(X0)=80 MeV at the same level.  See paper for dependence on finite lifetime.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
MEIJERDREES 1994 limit is based on inclusive photon spectrum and is independent of X0  decay modes. It applies to tau(X0)>10**-23sec.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ATIYA 1993B looked for a peak in missing mass distribution. The bound applies for stable X0 of mass(X0)=150 -- 250 MeV, and the limit becomes stronger (10**-8) for mass(X0)=180 -- 240 MeV.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
NG 1993 studied the production of X0 via  gamma gamma --> pi0 --> gamma X0 in the early universe at T~=1 MeV. The bound  on extra neutrinos from nucleosynthesis DeltaN_{{nu}}<0.3 (WALKER 1991) is  employed.  It applies to mass(X0)<<1 MeV in order to be relativistic down to nucleosynthesis  temperature. See paper for heavier X0.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ALLIEGRO 1992 limit applies for mass(X0)=150 -- 340 MeV and is the branching ratio times the decay probability. Limit is <1.5E-8 at 99%CL.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ATIYA 1992 looked for a peak in missing mass distribution. The limit applies to mass(X0)=0 -- 130 MeV in the narrow resonance limit.  See paper for the dependence on lifetime.  Covariance requires X0 to be a vector particle.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
BARABASH 1992 is a beam dump experiment that searched for a light Higgs. Limits between  1E-12 and 1E-7 are obtained for 3 < mass(X0) < 40 MeV.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
MEIJERDREES 1992 limit applies for meanlife(X0) = 10**-23 -- 10**-11sec. Limits between 2E-4 and 4E-6 are obtained for mass(X0) = 25 -- 120 MeV. Angular momentum conservation requires that X0 has spin >=1.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ATIYA 1990B limit is for B(K+ --> pi+ X0).B(X0 --> gamma gamma) and applies for mass(X0) = 50 MeV, meanlife(X0) < 10**-10s.  Limits are also provided for 0 < mass(X0) < 100 MeV, meanlife(X0) < 10**-8s.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
KORENCHENKO 1987 limit assumes mass(A0) = 1.7 MeV, meanlife(A0) ~< 10**-12 s, and B(A0 --> e+ e-) = 1.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
EICHLER 1986 looked for pi+ --> e+ nu A0 followed by A0 --> e+ e-.  Limits on the branching fraction depend on the mass and and lifetime of A0.  The quoted limits are valid when tau(A0)~>3.E-10s if the decays are kinematically allowed.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
YAMAZAKI 1984 looked for a discrete line in K+ --> pi+ X.  Sensitive to wide mass range (5-300 MeV), independent of whether X decays promptly or not.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ASANO 1982 at KEK set limits for B(K+ --> pi+ X0) for mass(X0) <100 MeV as BR <4.E-8 for tau(X0 --> n gamma's) >1.E-9 s, BR <1.4E-6 for tau <1.E-9s.


pdgid: S029AD2
text:
ZHITNITSKII 1979 argue that a heavy axion predicted by YANG 1978 (3 <m <40 MeV) contradicts experimental muon anomalous magnetic moments.


pdgid: S029AXQ
text:
ABLIKIM 2023E obtained limits in the range of  8.3E-8 -- 1.8E-6 for  0.165  GeV  <=  mass(A0) <=2.84 GeV. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXQ
text:
JIA 2022 limits between 3.1E-7 -- 1.6E-5 were obtained for 0.22 GeV < mass(A0)  < 9.2 GeV. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXQ
text:
ABLIKIM 2016E limits between 2.8 -- 495.3E-8 were obtained  for 0.212 GeV <  mass(A0) < 3.0 GeV. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXQ
text:
ABLIKIM 2012 derived limits between 4E-7 -- 2.1E-5  for 0.212 GeV < mass(A0)  < 3.0 GeV. See their Fig. 2(c) for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXQ
text:
The first DRUZHININ 1987 limit is valid when meanlife(A0)/mass(A0) < 3E-13 s/MeV and mass(A0) < 20 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXQ
text:
The second DRUZHININ 1987 limit is valid when meanlife(A0)/mass(A0) < 5E-13 s/MeV and mass(A0) < 20 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXQ
text:
The third DRUZHININ 1987 limit is valid when meanlife(A0)/mass(A0) >7E-12 s/MeV and mass(A0) < 200 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXQ
text:
EDWARDS 1982 looked for J/psi --> gamma A0 decays by looking for events with a single gamma [of energy ~1/2 the J/psi(1S) mass],


pdgid: S029AXD
text:
BADERTSCHER 2002 looked for a three-body decay of ortho-positronium into a photon and two penetrating (neutral or milli-charged) particles.


pdgid: S029AXD
text:
The TSUCHIAKI 1990 limit is based on inclusive photon spectrum and is independent of A0 decay modes.


pdgid: S029AXD
text:
ORITO 1989 limit translates to g(A0 e e)**2/4pi < 6.2E-10.  Somewhat more sensitive limits are obtained for larger mass(A0): B < 7.6E-6 at 100 keV.


pdgid: S029AXD
text:
AMALDI 1985 set limits B(A0 gamma) / B(gamma gamma gamma) < (1-5)*10**-6 for mass(A0) = 900-100 keV which are about 1/10 of the CARBONI 1983 limits.


pdgid: S029AXD
text:
CARBONI 1983 looked for orthopositronium --> A0 gamma.  Set limit for A0 electron coupling squared, g(e e A0)**2/(4*pi) <6.E-10-7.E-9 for mass(A0) from 150-900 keV (CL = 99.7%). This is about 1/10 of the bound from g-2 experiments.


pdgid: S029AXG
text:
ADHIKARI 2022C search for A0 --> gamma gamma and A0 --> pi+ pi- pi0 decays, and set  limits of f(A0) ~< 0.5 -- 14 GeV at 90% CL. See their Fig. 4  for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXG
text:
BASSOMPIERRE 1995 is an extension of BASSOMPIERRE 1993. They looked for a peak in the invariant mass of e+ e- pairs in the region mass(e+ e-) = 1.8+-0.2 MeV. They obtained bounds on the production rate A0 for tau(A0) = 10**-18 -- 10**-9sec. They also found an excess of events in the range mass(e+ e-) = 2.1 -- 3.5 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAD 2024AT search for Higgs decays to axions, constraining the effective coupling to photons  between 100 MeV and 62 GeV axion mass. Limit strength is dependent on the effective axion-Higgs  coupling and is strongest at the highest mass. See their Fig. 8 for full limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAD 2024BN search for the production of long-lived axion-like particles produced in  proton-proton collisions at the ATLAS detector. See their Fig. 2 for cross-section limits on  benchmark ALP masses between 40 and 55 GeV, as a function of their proper decay length. Limits are  presented for both ALP production from q qbar in association with the production of a vector  boson, and ALP production from top decays.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAD 2024BZ set limits on photo-phobic axion-like particles with masses between 0.1 and 40 GeV  that are radiated from vector bosons and decay into gluons. See their Figs. 11 and 12 for limits on  the ALP couplings to W, Z and gluons.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAD 2024CD search for the production of axion-like particles in association with a  hadronically decaying W or Z and large missing transverse energy in proton-proton  collisions at the ATLAS detector. See their Fig. 7 for upper limits on the vector boson coupling  for an ALP mass of 1 MeV as a function of f(A0).


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAD 2024K search for Higgs decays to a Z and an axion-like particle in the mass range 0.1  to 33 GeV. They constrain the axion coupling to photons. See Fig. 3b for mass-dependent limits,  which also depend on the coupling of the Higgs to Z A0.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024AZ present results from CMS's search for axion-like particles produced from  Higgs decays then promptly decaying to a dimuon. See their Fig. 6 for limits on the effective ALP  coupling to the SM-like Higgs.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2024I report a search by CMS for an exotic Higgs decay to an axion-like particle  and a Z, which decay to two photons and two leptons respectively. See Fig. 7 and 8 for  mass-dependent limits on the cross-section for the process and the effective axion coupling in the  mass range 1 to 30 GeV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
TUMASYAN 2024C reports results from the CMS and TOTEM collaborations' search for  photon-photon fusion events in proton collisions and the subsequent diphoton events which may occur  via the production of axions. Constraints on the axion to two-photon coupling are presented at the  E-5 GeV**-1 level for axion masses between 500 and 2000 GeV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
ACCIARRI 2023 search for axions in the NuMI neutrino beam target, which are produced through  mixings with mesons due to the coupling with gluons, and exclude f(A0) around tens  of TeV for mass(A0) = 0.2 -- 0.9 GeV. They assume a slightly suppressed axion coupling to  muons. See their Fig. 4 for the limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
BERTUZZO 2023 employs an analysis analogous to ACCIARRI 2023. They search for  leptophilic axions primarily produced via tau --> mu A0 and tau --> e A0, and exclude  f(A0) around 1E6 -- 6E7 GeV for mass(A0) = 0.2 -- 1.7 GeV. See  their Fig. 2 for the limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAD 2022J set upper limits for the cross sections of H --> A0 A0 --> 4 mu and . See    their Figs. 14 and 17 for the respective mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
TUMASYAN 2022AH set the limits of O(E-6) with respect to the product of the  branching fractions of H --> A0 A0 and A0 --> e+ e- , mu+ mu-. They also derive limits on  the effective axion couplings contributing to H --> A0 A0 and H --> Z A0. See their Figs. 5  and 7 for the limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
TUMASYAN 2022R is analogous to GAVELA 2020, and set a limit on the products of the    axion couplings to gluons and Z bosons as G(A Z Z) G(A g g)    < 6.64E-7 GeV**-2 at 95% CL for f(A0) = 3 TeV and mass(A0)    < 100 GeV. Here we use c(Gtilde) = G(A g g)   f(A0)/4 and  c(Ztilde) = G(A Z Z)   f(A0)/4 to translate their limits. They also set a limit on the product of the   axion couplings to gluons and Z H.  See their Fig. 9 for the f(A0)-dependent   limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAD 2021F look for axion production with an energetic jet and large missing pT, and set  a limit on the axion coupling to gluons, c(Gtilde)/f(A0) <  8E-6 GeV**-1 at 95 % CL for mass(A0) = 1 MeV. Using c(Gtilde) =  alpha(s)/8pi, we interpret the limit as f(A0) > 0.4  TeV for alpha(s) ~= 0.08.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAD 2021K look for axion production with an energetic photon and large missing pT, and  set a limit on the axion coupling to a Z boson and photon, G(A Z gamma)  < 5.1E-4 GeV**-1 at 95 % CL for mass(A0) = 1 MeV and assuming  G(A gamma gamma) = 0.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAD 2021N look for axion production using the measurement of light-by-light scattering based   on Pb+Pb collision data. They set the limit on the axion-photon coupling,   G(A gamma gamma) < 5.3E-5 -- 3.4E-4 GeV**-1 at 95 % CL for   mass(A0) = 6 -- 100 GeV. Here we use Lambda(a) =G(A gamma gamma)**-1  to translate their limits.  See their Fig. 9 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
CARRA 2021 is analogous to GAVELA 2020, and they use the differential cross sections  for W W and Z gamma production measured with the ATLAS detector to set limits on the  product of the axion couplings to gauge bosons as G(A W W) G(A g g) <  6.2E-7 GeV**-2 and G(A Z gamma) G(A g g) < 3.7E-7  GeV**-2 at 95 % CL for mass(A0) ~< 100 GeV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AAIJ 2020AL look for a light new boson decaying into a pair of muons using the LHCb data with  an integrated luminosity of 5.1 fb**-1, and set limits on the cross section over a range of  mass(X0) = 0.22 -- 3 and 20 -- 60 GeV. See Figs. 8 and 9 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
GAVELA 2020 focus on the axion production as an s-channel off shell mediator, and use the Run  2 CMS public data to set limits on the product of the axion couplings to gluons and photons as well  as Z bosons as G(A gamma gamma) G(A g g) < 2.8E-7  GeV**-2 and G(A Z Z) G(A g g) < 9.8E-7 GeV**-2  for mass(A0) ~< 200 GeV. See their Fig.3 for the limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
SIRUNYAN 2019BQ look for the pair production of a new light boson decaying into a pair of  muons, and set limits on the product of the production cross section times branching fraction to  dimuons squared times acceptance over a range of mass(X0) = 0.25 -- 8.5 GeV. See the right  panel of their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
JAIN 2007 claims evidence for A0 --> e+ e- produced in Pb207 collision  on nuclear emulsion (Ag/Br) for m(A0) = 7+-1 or 19+-1 MeV  and tau(A0) <= 10**-13 s.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
AHMAD 1997 reports a result of APEX Collaboration which studied positron production in U238+Ta232 and U238+Ta181 collisions, without requiring a coincident electron. No narrow lines were found for 250<E(e+)<750 keV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
LEINBERGER 1997 (ORANGE Collaboration) at GSI looked for a narrow sum-energy e+ e--line at ~635keV in U238+Ta181 collision.  Limits on the production probability for a narrow sum-energy e+ e- line are set. See their Table2.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
GANZ 1996 (EPosII Collaboration) has placed upper bounds on the production cross section of e+ e- pairs from U238+Ta181 and U238+Th232 collisions at GSI. See Table2 for limits both for back-to-back and isotropic configurations of e+ e- pairs. These limits rule out the existence of peaks in the e+ e- sum-energy distribution, reported by an earlier version of this experiment.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
KAMEL 1996 looked for e+ e- pairs from the collision of S32 (200GeV/nucleon) and emulsion.  No evidence of mass peaks is found in the region of sensitivity mass(e e)>2 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
BLUEMLEIN 1992 is a proton beam dump experiment at Serpukhov with a secondary target to induce Bethe-Heitler production of e+ e- or mu+ mu- from the produce A0.  See Fig.5 for the excluded region in mass(A0)-x plane. For the standard axion, 0.3<x<25 is excluded at 95% CL.  If combined with BLUEMLEIN 1991, 0.008<x<32 is excluded.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
MEIJERDREES 1992 give Gamma(pi- p --> n A0).B(A0 --> e+ e-)/Gamma(pi- p --> all) <10**-5 (90% CL) for mass(A0) = 100 MeV, meanlife(A0) = 10**-11 -- 10**-23sec. Limits ranging from 2.5E-3 to 10**-7 are given for mass(A0) = 25 -- 136 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
BLUEMLEIN 1991 is a proton beam dump experiment at Serpukhov.  No candidate event for A0 --> e+ e-, 2gamma are found.  Fig.6 gives the excluded region in mass(A0)-x plane (x= tan(beta) = v(2)/v(1)). Standard axion is excluded for 0.2 < mass(A0) < 3.2 MeV for most x>1, 0.2 -- 11 MeV for most x<1.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
FAISSNER 1989 searched for A0 --> e+ e- in a proton beam dump experiment at SIN.  No excess of events was observed over the background.  A standard axion with mass 2mass(e)-20 MeV is excluded. Lower limit on f(A0) of ~10**4 GeV is given for mass(A0) = 2mass(e)-20 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
DEBOER 1988 reanalyze EL-NADI 1988 data and claim evidence for three distinct states with mass ~1.1, ~2.1, and ~9 MeV, lifetimes 10**-16-10**-15s decaying to e+ e- and note the similarity of the data with those of a cosmic-ray experiment by Bristol group (B.M.Anand, Proc. of the Royal Society of London, Section A  A22 183 (1953)). For a criticism see PERKINS 1989, who suggests that the events are compatible with pi0 Dalitz decay.  DEBOER 1989B is a reply which contests the criticism.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
EL-NADI 1988 claim the existence of a neutral particle decaying into e+ e- with mass 1.60+-0.59 MeV, lifetime 0.15+-0.01E-14s, which is produced in heavy ion interactions with emulsion nuclei at ~4 GeV/c/nucleon.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
FAISSNER 1988 is a proton beam dump experiment at SIN.  They found no candidate event for A0 --> gamma gamma.  A standard axion decaying to 2gamma is excluded except for a region x~1.  Lower limit on f(A0) of 10**2-10**3 GeV is given for mass(A0) = 0.1-1 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
BADIER 1986 did not find long-lived A0 in 300 GeV pi- Beam Dump Experiment that decays into e+ e- in the mass range mass(A0) = (20-200) MeV, which excludes the A0 decay constant f(A0) in the interval (60-600) GeV. See their figure 6 for excluded region on f(A0)-mass(A0) plane.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
BERGSMA 1985 look for A0 --> 2gamma, e+ e-, mu+ mu-.  First limit above is for mass(A0) = 1 MeV; second is for 200 MeV.  See their figure 4 for excluded region on f(A0)-mass(A0) plane, where f(A0) is A0 decay constant. For Peccei-Quinn PECCEI 1977 A0, mass(A0) <180 keV and tau >0.037 s.  (CL = 90%). For the axion of FAISSNER 1981B at 250 keV, BERGSMA 1985 expect 15 events but observe zero.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
FAISSNER 1983 observed 19 1-gamma and 12 2-gamma events where a background of 4.8 and 2.3 respectively is expected.  A small-angle peak is observed even if iron wall is set in front of the decay region.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
FAISSNER 1983B extrapolate SIN gamma signal to LAMPF nu experimental condition. Resulting 370 gamma's are not at variance with LAMPF upper limit of 450 gamma's.  Derived from LAMPF limit that [dCS(A0)/domega at 90degrees]*mass(A0)/meanlife(A0) <14E-35 cm**2* sr**-1* MeV *ms**-1.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
FRANK 1983B stress the importance of LAMPF data bins with negative net signal.  By statistical analysis say that LAMPF and SIN-A0 are at variance when extrapolation by phase-space model is done. They find LAMPF upper limit is 248 not 450 gamma's.  See comment on FAISSNER 1983B.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
HOFFMAN 1983 set CL = 90% limit d(sigma)/dt* B(e+ e-) <3.5E-32 cm**2/GeV**2 for 140 <mass(A0) <160 MeV.  Limit assumes tau(A0) <10**-9 s.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
FETSCHER 1982 reanalyzes SIN beam-dump data of FAISSNER 1981.  Claims no evidence for axion since 2-gamma peak rate remarkably decreases if iron wall is set in front of the decay region.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
FAISSNER 1981B is SIN 590 MeV proton beam dump.  Observed 14.5+-5.0 events of 2gamma decay of long-lived neutral penetrating particle with mass(2gamma) ~<1 MeV.  Axion interpretation with eta-A0 mixing gives mass(A0) = 250+-25 keV, tau((2gamma)) = 7.3+-3.7E-3s from above rate. See critical remarks below in comments of FETSCHER 1982, FAISSNER 1983, FAISSNER 1983B, FRANK 1983B, and BERGSMA 1985.  Also see in the next subsection ALEKSEEV 1982B, CAVAIGNAC 1983, and ANANEV 1985.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
KIM 1981 analyzed 8 candidates for A0 --> 2gamma obtained by Aachen-Padova experiment at CERN with 26 GeV protons on Be.  Estimated axion mass is about 300 keV and lifetime is (0.86~5.6)*10**-3s depending on models.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
FAISSNER 1980 is SIN beam dump experiment with 590 MeV protons looking for A0 --> e+ e- decay.  Assuming A0/pi0 = 5.5E-7, obtained decay rate limit 20/(A0 mass) MeV/s (CL = 90%), which is about 10**-7 below theory and interpreted as upper limit to mass(A0) <2*mass(e-).


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
JACQUES 1980 is a BNL beam dump experiment.  First limit above comes from nonobservation of excess neutral-current-type events [CS(production)*CS(interaction) <7.E-68 cm**4, CL = 90%].  Second limit is from nonobservation of axion decays into 2gamma's or e+ e-, and for axion mass a few MeV.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
BECHIS 1979 looked for the axion production in low energy electron Bremsstrahlung and the subsequent decay into either 2gamma or e+ e-.  No signal found.  CL = 90% limits for model parameter(s) are given.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
DISHAW 1979 is a calorimetric experiment and looks for low energy tail of energy distributions due to energy lost to weakly interacting particles.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
BELLOTTI 1978 first value comes from search for A0 --> e+ e-.  Second value comes from search for A0 --> 2gamma, assuming mass <2*mass(e-). For any mass satisfying this, limit is above value*(mass**-4). Third value uses data of PL 60B 401 and quotes CS(production)*CS(interaction) < 10**-67 cm**4.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
DONNELLY 1978 examines data from reactor neutrino experiments of REINES 1976 and GURR 1974 as well as SLAC beam dump experiment.  Evidence is negative.


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
MICELMACHER 1978 finds no evidence of axion existence in reactor experiments of REINES 1976 and GURR 1974.  (See reference under DONNELLY 1978 below).


pdgid: S029AXP
text:
VYSOTSKII 1978 derived lower limit for the axion mass 25 keV from luminosity of the sun and 200 keV from red supergiants.


pdgid: S029AXR
text:
CHANG 2007 looked for monochromatic photons from Primakoff or Compton conversion of axions from  the Kuo-Sheng reactor due to axion coupling to photon or electron, respectively. The search places  model-independent limits on the products G(A gamma gamma)G(A N N) and G(A e e)G(A N N) for m(A0) less than the MeV range.


pdgid: S029AXR
text:
ALTMANN 1995 looked for A0 decaying into e+ e- from the Bugey5 nuclear reactor.  They obtain an upper limit on the A0 production rate of omega(A0)/omega(gamma) *B(A0 --> e+ e-)<10**-16 for mass(A0) = 1.5 MeV at 90% CL.  The limit is weaker for heavier A0.  In the case of a standard axion, this limit excludes a mass in the range 2mass(e)<mass(A0)<4.8 MeV at 90% CL.  See Fig.5 of their paper for exclusion limits of axion-like resonances Z0 in the (mass(X0),f(X0)) plane.


pdgid: S029AXR
text:
KETOV 1986 searched for A0 at the Rovno nuclear power plant.  They found an upper limit on the A0 production probability of 0.8 [100 keV/mass(A0)]**6 *10**-6 per fission.  In the standard axion model, this corresponds to mass(A0) >150 keV.  Not valid for mass(A0) ~> 1 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXR
text:
KOCH 1986 searched for A0 --> gamma gamma at nuclear power reactor Biblis A.  They found an upper limit on the A0 production rate of omega(A0)/omega(gamma(M1)) < 1.5E-10 (CL=95%).  Standard axion with mass(A0) = 250 keV gives 10**-5 for the ratio.  Not valid for mass(A0) >1022 keV.


pdgid: S029AXR
text:
DATAR 1982 looked for A0 --> 2gamma in neutron capture (n p --> d A0) at Tarapur 500 MW reactor.  Sensitive to sum of I =  0 and I =  1 amplitudes. With ZEHNDER 1981 [(I = 0) - (I = 1)] result, assert nonexistence of standard A0.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
DERBIN 2023 use a thallium garnet bolometric detector to search for the 8.4 keV solar axion  line emitted from the M1 nuclear transition of Tm169. Their limits are equivalent to an  upper bound on the KSVZ and DFSZ axion masses of 141 eV and 244 eV, respectively.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
DERBIN 2002 looked for the axion emission in an M1 transition in **125mTe  decay.  They looked for a possible presence of a shifted energy spectrum in gamma rays due to the  undetected axion.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
DEBOER 1997C reanalyzed the existent data on Nuclear M1 transitions and find that a 9MeV boson decaying into e+ e- would explain the excess of events with large opening angles. See also DEBOER 2001 for follow-up experiments.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
TSUNODA 1995 looked for axion emission when Cf252 undergoes a spontaneous fission, with the axion decaying into e+ e-.  The bound is for mass(A0)=40 MeV.  It improves to 2.5E-5 for mass(A0)=200 MeV.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
MINOWA 1993 studied chain process,  ^139Ce -->  ^139La* by electron capture and M1 transition of La139* to the ground state.  It does not assume decay modes of A0. The bound applies for mass(A0)<166 keV.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
The ASANUMA 1990 limit is for the branching fraction of X0 emission per  ^241Am alpha decay and valid for meanlife(X0) < 3E-11s.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
The DEBOER 1990 limit is for the branching ratio Be8* (18.15 MeV, 1**+) -->  ^8Be A0, A0 --> e+ e- for the mass range mass(A0) = 4-15 MeV.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
The BINI 1989 limit is for the branching fraction of  ^16O* (6.05 MeV, 0^+) -->  ^16O X0, X0 --> e+ e- for mass(X) = 1.5-3.1 MeV.  meanlife(X0) ~< 10**-11s is assumed.  The spin-parity of X is restricted to 0**+ or 1**-.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
AVIGNONE 1988 looked for the 1115 keV transition  ^C* -->  ^Cu A0, either from A0 --> 2gamma in-flight decay or from the secondary A0 interactions by Compton and by Primakoff processes.  Limits for axion parameters are obtained for mass(A0) < 1.1 MeV.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
DATAR 1988 rule out light pseudoscalar particle emission through its decay A0 --> e+ e- in the mass range 1.02-2.5 MeV and lifetime range 10**-13-10**-8s. The above limit is for tau = 5E-13s and m = 1.7 MeV;  see the paper for the tau-m dependence of the limit.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
The limit is for the branching fraction of  ^16O* (6.05 MeV, 0^+) -->  ^16O X0, X0 --> e+ e- against internal pair conversion for mass(X0) = 1.7 MeV and meanlife(X0) < 10**-11s. Similar limits are obtained for mass(X0) = 1.3-3.2 MeV.  The spin parity of X0 must be either 0**+ or 1**-.  The limit at 1.7 MeV is translated into a limit for the X0-nucleon coupling constant: g(X0 NN)**2/4pi < 2.3E-9.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
The DOEHNER 1988 limit is for mass(A0) = 1.7 MeV, tau(A0) < 10**-10s.  Limits less than 10**-4 are obtained for mass(A0) = 1.2-2.2 MeV.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
SAVAGE 1988 looked for A0 that decays into e+ e- in the decay of the 9.17 MeV J**P = 2**+** state in N14, 17.64 MeV state J**P = 1**+** in Be8, and the 18.15 MeV state J**P = 1**+** in Be8. This experiment constrains the isovector coupling of A0 to hadrons, if mass(A0) = (1.1 --> 2.2) MeV and the isoscalar coupling of A0 to hadrons, if mass(A0) = (1.1 --> 2.6) MeV. Both limits are valid only if tau(A0) ~< 1E-11 s.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
Limits are for Gamma(A0(1.8 MeV))/Gamma(piM1); i.e., for 1.8 MeV axion emission normalized to the rate for internal emission of e+ e- pairs. Valid for meanlife(A0) < 2E-11s. Li6 isovector decay data strongly disfavor PECCEI 1986 model I, whereas the B10 and N14 isoscalar decay data strongly reject PECCEI 1986 model II and III.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
SAVAGE 1986B looked for A0 that decays into e+ e- in the decay of the 9.17 MeV J**P = 2+ state in N14.  Limit on the branching fraction is valid if meanlife(A0)~<1.E-11s for mass(A0) = (1.1-1.7) MeV.  This experiment constrains the iso-vector coupling of A0 to hadrons.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
ANANEV 1985 with IBR-2 pulsed reactor exclude standard A0 at CL = 95% masses below 470 keV (Li* decay) and below 2*mass(e) for deuteron* decay.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
CAVAIGNAC 1983 at Bugey reactor exclude axion at any mass(Nb97*decay) and axion with mass(A0) between 275 and 288 keV (deuteron* decay).


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
ALEKSEEV 1982 with IBR-2 pulsed reactor exclude standard A0 at CL = 95% mass-ranges mass(A0) <400 keV (Li* decay) and 330 keV <mass(A0) <2.2 MeV. (deuteron* decay).


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
LEHMANN 1982 obtained A0 --> 2gamma rate <6.2E-5/s (CL = 95%) excluding mass(A0) between 100 and 1000 keV.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
ZEHNDER 1982 used Gosgen 2.8GW light-water reactor to check A0 production. No 2gamma peak in Li*, Nb* decay (both single p transition) nor in n capture (combined with previous Ba* negative result) rules out standard A0. Set limit mass(A0) <60 keV for any A0.


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
ZEHNDER 1981 looked for  ^Ba* --> A0  ^Ba transition with A0 --> 2gamma. Obtained 2gamma coincidence rate <2.2E-5/s (CL = 95%) excluding mass(A0) >160 keV (or 200 keV depending on Higgs mixing).


pdgid: S029ANT
text:
CALAPRICE 1979 saw no axion emission from excited states of carbon. Sensitive to axion mass between 1 and 15 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
ANDREEV 2021 look for invisible decays of axions coupled to electrons, and set limits on   g(A e e) < 4.6E-6 -- 3.1E-3 for mass(A0) = E-3 -- 1 GeV.  This  limits the axion contribution to the electron g-2  to an order of magnitude  less  than the current experimental uncertainty. See their Figs. 3 and 4 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
ANDREEV 2021B set limits on g(A e e) in the range of 6.3E-6 -- 1.6E-3   for mass(A0) = 2 -- 17 MeV at 90% CL. This excludes 6.6E-5 <  g(A e e)  < 1E-4 at mass(A0) = 16.7 MeV corresponding to the ATOMKI  anomaly. See their Fig. 2 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
The listed BROSS 1991 limit is for mass(A0) = 1.14MeV. B(A0 --> e+ e-) =1 assumed.  Excluded domain in the meanlife(A0)-mass(A0) plane extends up to mass(A0) ~~7 MeV (see Fig.5).  Combining with electron g-2 constraint, axions coupling only to e+ e- ruled out for mass(A0) <4.8 MeV (90% CL).


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
GUO 1990 use the same apparatus as BROWN 1986 and improve the previous limit in the shorter lifetime region. Combined with g-2 constraint, axions coupling only to e+ e- are ruled out for mass(A0) < 2.7 MeV (90% CL).


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
BJORKEN 1988 reports limits on axion parameters (f_{{A}}, m_{{A}}, tau_{{A}}) for mass(A0) < 200 MeV from electron beam-dump experiment with production via Primakoff photoproduction, bremsstrahlung from electrons, and resonant annihilation of positrons on atomic electrons.


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
BLINOV 1988 assume zero spin, m = 1.8 MeV and lifetime < 5E-12s and find Gamma(A0 --> gamma gamma)B(A0 --> e+ e-) < 2 eV (CL=90%).


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
Assumes A0 gamma gamma coupling is small and hence Primakoff production is small.  Their figure 2 shows limits on axions for mass(A0) < 15 MeV.


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
Uses electrons in hadronic showers from an incident 800 GeV proton beam.  Limits for mass(A0) < 15 MeV are shown in their figure 3.


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
mass(A0) = 1.8 MeV assumed.  The excluded domain in the meanlife(A0)-mass(A0) plane extends up to mass(A0) ~~ 14 MeV, see their figure 4.


pdgid: S029AXE
text:
The limits are obtained from their figure 3. Also given is the limit on the A0 gamma gamma-A0 e+ e- coupling plane by assuming Primakoff production.


pdgid: S029AEE
text:
HALLIN 1992 quote limits on lifetime, 8E-14--5E-13 sec depending on mass, assuming B(A0 --> e+ e-) = 100%.  They say that TSERTOS 1991 overstated their sensitivity by a factor of 3.


pdgid: S029AEE
text:
HENDERSON 1992C exclude axion with lifetime meanlife(A0)=1.4E-12--4.0E-10s, assuming B(A0 --> e+ e-)=100%. HENDERSON 1992C also exclude a vector boson with =1.4E-12--6.0E-10s.


pdgid: S029AEE
text:
WU 1992 quote limits on lifetime >3.3E-13s assuming B(A0 --> e+ e-)=100%.  They say that TSERTOS 1989 overestimate the limit by a factor of pi/2.  WU 1992 also quote a bound for vector boson, >8.2E-13s.


pdgid: S029AEE
text:
WIDMANN 1991 bound applies exclusively to the case B(A0 --> e+ e-)=1, since the detection efficiency varies substantially as Gamma(A0)(total) changes.  See their Fig.6.


pdgid: S029AEE
text:
JUDGE 1990 excludes an elastic pseudoscalar e+ e- resonance for 4.5E-13s < tau(A0) < 7.5E-12s (95% CL) at mass(A0) = 1.832 MeV. Comparable limits can be set for mass(A0) = 1.776-1.856 MeV.


pdgid: S029AEE
text:
The upper limit listed in TSERTOS 1988 is too large by a factor of 4.  See TSERTOS 1988B, footnote 3.


pdgid: S029AEE
text:
VANKLINKEN 1988 looked for relatively long-lived resonance (tau = 10**-10-10**-12s). The sensitivity is not sufficient to exclude such a narrow resonance.


pdgid: S029AEE
text:
MAIER 1987 obtained limits RGamma ~< 60 eV (100 eV) at mass(A0) ~ 1.64 MeV (1.83 MeV) for energy resolution DeltaEcm ~ 3 keV, where R is the resonance cross section normalized to that of Bhabha scattering, and Gamma = Gamma(e e)**2/Gamma(total). For a discussion implying that DeltaEcm ~ 10keV, see TSERTOS 1989.


pdgid: S029AEE
text:
VONWIMMERSPERG 1987 measured Bhabha scattering for Ecm = 1.37-1.86 MeV and found a possible peak at 1.73 with integral (sigmadEcm) = 14.5+-6.8 keV.b.  For a comment and a reply, see VANKLINKEN 1988B and VONWIMMERSPERG 1988. Also see CONNELL 1988.


pdgid: S029AEG
text:
TRZASKA 1991 also give limits in the range (6.6 -- 30)*10**-3eV (95%CL) for mass(A0) = 1.6 -- 2.0MeV.


pdgid: S029AEG
text:
FOX 1989 measured positron annihilation with an electron in the source material into two photons and found no signal at 1.062 MeV (< 9E-5 of two-photon annihilation at rest).


pdgid: S029XEG
text:
VO 1994 looked for X0 --> gamma gamma gamma decaying at rest.  The precise limits depend on mass(X0). See Fig.2(b) in paper.


pdgid: S029XEG
text:
SKALSEY 1992 also give limits 4.3 for mass(X0) = 1.54 and 7.5 for 1.64 MeV.  The spin of X0 is assumed to be one.


pdgid: S029XGE
text:
MITSUI 1996 looked for a monochromatic gamma. The bound applies for a vector X0 with C=-1 and mass(X0)<200 keV.  They derive an upper bound on e e X0 coupling and hence on the branching ratio B(o-Ps --> gamma gamma X0)<6.2E-6. The bounds weaken for heavier X0.


pdgid: S029XGE
text:
SKALSEY 1995 looked for a monochromatic gamma without an accompanying gamma in e+ e- annihilation.  The bound applies for scalar and vector X0 with C = -1 and mass(X0) =  keV.


pdgid: S029XGE
text:
SKALSEY 1995 reinterpreted the bound on gamma A0 decay of o-Ps by ASAI 1991 where 3% of delayed annihilations are not from 3S1 states.  The bound applies for scalar and vector X0 with C = -1 and mass(X0) = 0 -- 800 keV.


pdgid: S029XGE
text:
ADACHI 1994 looked for a peak in the gamma gamma invariant mass distribution in gamma gamma gamma gamma production from e+ e- annihilation.  The bound applies for mass(X0) = 70 -- 800 keV.


pdgid: S029XGE
text:
ADACHI 1994 looked for a peak in the missing-mass mass distribution in gamma gamma channel, using gamma gamma gamma gamma production from e+ e- annihilation.  The bound applies for mass(X0) <800 keV.


pdgid: S029XGE
text:
ADACHI 1994 looked for a peak in the missing mass distribution in gamma gamma gamma channel, using gamma gamma gamma gamma production from e+ e- annihilation.  The bound applies for mass(X0) = 200 -- 900 keV.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
ADACHI 2023A set limits in the range of 1.1E-3 -- 9.7E-3 for  0 < mass(X0)    < 1.6 GeV on B(tau- --> e- X0)/B(tau- --> e- nubar_e nu_tau).  See their Fig. 2   for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
ADACHI 2023A set limits in the range of 7E-4 -- 1.22E-2 for  0 < mass(X0)     < 1.6 GeV on B(tau- --> mu- X0)/B(tau- --> mu- nubar_mu nu_tau).  See their Fig.   2  for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
FIORILLO 2023 used data from Kamiokande-II and IMB on the neutrino flux from SN1987A to   constrain the universal neutrino Majoron Yukawa coupling, g. They set an upper limit of   g mass(X0) ~< E-9 MeV for Majoron masses 100 eV ~< mass(X0) ~< 100   MeV, using neutrino coalescence as production of Majorons which then decay back to neutrinos. See   their Fig. 1 for the mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
SANDNER 2023 study Majoron production via neutrino inverse decay and use Planck data to    constrain the neutrino   Majoron Yukawa coupling to g ~< 2E-13 -- 1E-12 for    Majoron masses mass(X0)  =  1 -- 10 eV.  See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
COLOMA 2022A used the spectral data of Borexino Phase II to constrain the neutrino    non-standard interaction with electrons mediated by a scalar or a pseudoscalar. Limits on the   universal  coupling to neutrinos and electrons between 2E-6 and E-4 are obtained for   mass(X0)  ~< 30 -- 40 MeV.  See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
AGUILAR-AREVALO 2021A quoted limit applies to mass(X0) = 33.9 MeV. Limits between 4.3E-6 and  7.5E-5 are obtained for 0 < mass(X0) < 33.9 MeV. The lifetime of X0 is  assumed to be long enough. See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
AGUILAR-AREVALO 2021A quoted limit applies to mass(X0) = 85 MeV. Limits between 5.2E-8  and 1.4E-6 are  obtained for 0 < mass(X0) < 120 MeV, which improve the limits of  PICCIOTTO 1988  by an order of magnitude. The lifetime of X0 is assumed to be long  enough. See their Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
AGUILAR-AREVALO 2020 obtained limits of order E-5 for mass(X0) = 47.8 -- 95.1  MeV. The quoted limit applies to  mass(X0) = 75 MeV. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
BALDINI 2020 obtained limits for mass(X0) = 20 -- 45 MeV and tau(X0)  < 40 ps, and supersedes BOLTON 1988 for mass(X0) = 20 -- 40 MeV. See their Fig.  17 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
BAYES 2015 limits are the average over mass(X0) = 13 -- 80 MeV for the isotropic  decay distribution of positrons. See their Fig. 4 and Table II for the mass-dependent limits as  well as the dependence on the decay anisotropy. In particular, they find a limit < 58E-6  at 90% CL for massless familons and for the same asymmetry as normal muon decay, a case not  covered by JODIDIO 1986.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
LATTANZI 2013 use WMAP 9 year data as well as X-ray and gamma-ray observations to derive limits on decaying majoron dark matter. A limit on the decay width Gamma(X0 --> nu nubar) < 6.4E-19 s**-1 at 95% CL is found if majorons make up all of the dark matter.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
LESSA 2007 consider decays of the form Meson lepton nu Majoron and lepton --> lepton^'() nu nubar Majoron and use existing data to derive limits on the neutrino-Majoron Yukawa  couplings g(alpha beta) (alpha,beta = e, mu,tau). Their best limits are |g(e alpha) |**2< 5.5E-6, |g(mu alpha) |**2< 4.5E-5, |g(tau alpha) |**2< 5.5E-2 at CL = 90%.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
FARZAN 2003 set limits on the neutrino Majoron Yukawa coupling, |g(e e)|  < 4E-7, by considering the SN cooling due to the massless Majoron emission via neutrino  coalescence. They also exclude values around E-5 for both g(e mu) and  g(mu mu) using the process nu nu --> X0 X0. See also their Figs. 3 and 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
DIAZ 1998 studied models of spontaneously broken lepton number with both singlet and triplet Higgses.  They obtain limits on the parameter space from invisible decay Z --> H0 A0 --> X0 X0 X0 X0 X0 and e+ e- --> Z H0 with H0 --> X0 X0.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
BOBRAKOV 1991 searched for anomalous magnetic interactions between polarized electrons expected from the exchange of a massless pseudoscalar boson (arion). A limit x(e)**2 < 2E-4 (95%CL) is found for the effective anomalous magneton parametrized as x(e)(G(F)/8pisqrt(2))**1/2.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
ALBRECHT 1990E limits are for B(tau --> lepton X0)/B(tau --> lepton nu nubar). Valid for mass(X0) < 100 MeV.  The limits rise to 7.1% (for mu), 5.0% (for e) for mass(X0) = 500 MeV.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
ATIYA 1990 limit is for mass(X0) = 0.  The limit B < 1E-8 holds for mass(X0) < 95 MeV. For the reduction of the limit due to finite lifetime of X0, see their Fig.3.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
BALKE 1988 limits are for B(mu+ --> e+ X0). Valid for mass(X0) < 80 MeV and  meanlife(X0) > E-8 sec.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
BOLTON 1988 limit corresponds to F > 3.1E9 GeV, which does not depend on the chirality property of the coupling.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
CHANDA 1988 find v_{{T}} < 10 MeV for the weak-triplet Higgs vacuum expectation value in Gelmini-Roncadelli model, and v_{{S}} > 5.8E6 GeV in the singlet Majoron model.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
CHOI 1988 used the observed neutrino flux from the supernova SN1987A to exclude the neutrino Majoron Yukawa coupling h in the range 2E-5 < h < 3E-4 for the interaction L(int) = 1/2ihpsibar(nu)**cgamma(5)psi_{{nu}}phi(X). For several families of neutrinos, the limit applies for (Sigmah(i)**4)**1/4.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
PICCIOTTO 1988 limit applies when mass(X0) < 55 MeV and meanlife(X0) > 2ns, and it decreases to 4E-7 at mass(X0) = 125 MeV, beyond which no limit is obtained.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
GOLDMAN 1987 limit corresponds to F > 2.9E9 GeV for the family symmetry breaking scale from the Lagrangian L(int) = (1/F)psibar_{{mu}}gamma**mu (a+bgamma_{{5}}) psi_{{e}}d(mu)phi(X0) with a**2+b**2 = 1. This is not as sensitive as the limit F >9.9E9 GeV derived from the search for mu+ --> e+ X0 by JODIDIO 1986, but does not depend on the chirality property of the coupling.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
Limits are for Gamma(mu --> e X0)/Gamma(mu --> e nu nubar). Valid when mass(X0) = 0-93.4, 98.1-103.5 MeV.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
EICHLER 1986 looked for mu+ --> e+ X0 followed by X0 --> e+ e-.  Limits on the branching fraction depend on the mass and and lifetime of X0.  The quoted limits are valid when meanlife(X0)~<3.E-10s if the decays are kinematically allowed.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
JODIDIO 1986 corresponds to F >9.9E9 GeV for the family symmetry breaking scale with the parity-conserving effective Lagrangian L(int) = (1/F) psibar_{{mu}}gamma**mupsi_{{e}}d**muphi(X0).


pdgid: S029GB
text:
BALTRUSAITIS 1985 search for light Goldstone boson(X0) of broken U(1). CL = 95% limits are B(tau --> mu+ X0)/B(tau --> mu+ nu nu) <0.125 and B(tau --> e+ X0)/B(tau --> e+ nu nu) <0.04.  Inferred limit for the symmetry breaking scale is m >3000 TeV.


pdgid: S029GB
text:
The primordial heavy neutrino must decay into nu and familon, f(A), early so that the red-shifted decay products are below critical density, see their table.  In addition, K --> pi f_A and mu --> e f_A are unseen.  Combining these excludes mass(heavy nu) between 5E-5 and 5E-4 MeV (mu decay) and mass(heavy nu) between 5E-5 and 0.1 MeV (K-decay).


pdgid: S029MT
text:
BERNATOWICZ 1992 studied double-beta decays of Te128 and Te130, and found the ratio tau(Te130)/tau(Te128) = 3.52+-0.11E-4 in agreement with relatively stable theoretical predictions.  The bound is based on the requirement that Majoron-emitting decay cannot be larger than the observed double-beta rate of Te128 of 7.7+-0.4E24 year. We calculated 90% CL limit as (7.7 -- 1.28x0.4=7.2)x10**24.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
AUGIER 2024 make use of 1.47 kg.yr of Mo100 exposure of the CUPID-Mo  scintillating cryogenic calorimeter, operated at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane to place a  range of limits on the single Majoron mode of the 0nubeta beta decay of Mo100.  The range is due to the use of two different analysis strategies. Various limits on modes involving  the emission of multiple Majorons are given too. The derived range of constraints on the  Majoron-neutrino coupling constant is g(nu chi) < 4.0 -- 8.5E-5,  reflecting the variability of the used nuclear matrix elements and of the two data analysis  strategies.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
AZZOLINI 2023 use 9.95 kg.yr of data, collected by the CUPID-0 experiment, to place  a limit  on the single Majoron mode of the 0nubeta beta decay of Se82. Various  limits on  modes involving the emission of multiple Majorons are given too. The resulting  constraint on the  Majoron-neutrino coupling constant is g(nu chi) <  1.8 -- 4.4E-5. The  range is due to the variability of the used nuclear matrix elements.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
AGOSTINI 2022 use 32.8 kg.yr of GERDA phase 2 data to derive a limit of  g(nu chi) < 1.8 -- 4.4E-5 on the neutrino-Majoron coupling. The range  reflects the author's evaluation of the spread of nuclear matrix elements.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
AL-KHARUSI 2021 utilize the complete dataset of the EXO-200 experiment, corresponding to an  exposure of 234 kg yr, to place a limit on the one Majoron mode of the neutrinoless double beta  decay of Xe136. Several limits are reported, the one given here corresponds to a  spectral index of 1, resulting in a limit of g(nu chi)< 0.4 -- 0.9E-5  on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant. The range reflects the spread of the nuclear matrix  elements.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 2019 uses the NEMO-3 tracking calorimeter to determine limits for the Majoron emitting  double beta decay, with spectral index n = 3. The  limit corresponds to the range of the g_{{ee}}  coupling of 0.013 -- 0.035; dependimg on the nuclear matrix elements used.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 2018 use the NEMO-3 tracking detector. The limit corresponds to <g_{{ee}}>  < 3.2 -- 8.0E-5; the range corresponds to different nuclear matrix element  calculations.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
AGOSTINI 2015A analyze a 20.3 kg yr of data set of the GERDA calorimeter to determine  g(nu chi)< 3.4 -- 8.7E-5 on the Majoron-neutrino  coupling constant.  The range reflects the spread of the nuclear matrix elements.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 2015 use the NEMO-3 tracking calorimeter with 3.43 kg yr exposure to determine the  limit on Majoron emission. The limit corresponds to g(nu chi)< 1.6 -- 3.0E-4.  The spread reflects different nuclear matrix elements. Supersedes ARNOLD 2006.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ALBERT 2014A utilize 100 kg yr of exposure of the EXO-200 tracking calorimeter to place a   limit on the g(nu chi)< 0.8 -- 1.7E-5 on the Majoron-neutrino   coupling constant. The range reflects the spread of the nuclear matrix elements.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
GANDO 2012 use the KamLAND-Zen detector to obtain the limit on the 0nuchi decay with Majoron emission.  It implies that the coupling constant g(nu chi)< 0.8 -- 1.6E-5 depending on the nuclear matrix elements used.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 2011 use the NEMO-3 detector to obtain the reported limit on Majoron emission. It implies that the coupling constant g(nu chi) < 0.6 -- 1.6E-4 depending on the nuclear matrix element used. Supercedes ARNABOLDI 2003.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARGYRIADES 2010 use the NEMO-3 tracking detector and Zr96 to derive the reported limit. No limit for the Majoron electron coupling is given.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARGYRIADES 2009 use Nd150 data taken with the NEMO-3 tracking detector. The reported limit corresponds to < g(nu chi)>< 1.7 -- 3.0E-4 using a range of nuclear matrix elements that include the effect of nuclear deformation.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 2006 use Mo100 data taken with the NEMO-3 tracking detector.  The reported limit corresponds to <g(nu chi)> < (0.4 -- 1.8)x10**-4  using a range of matrix element calculations. Superseded by ARNOLD 2015.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
NEMO-3 tracking calorimeter is used in ARNOLD 2006 . Reported half-life limit for Se82 corresponds to <g(nu chi)> < (0.66 -- 1.9)x10**-4 using a range of matrix element calculations. Supersedes ARNOLD 2004.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 2004 use the NEMO-3 tracking detector. The limit corresponds to  <g(nu chi)> < (0.5 -- 0.9)10**-4 using the matrix elements  of SIMKOVIC 1999, STOICA 2001 and CIVITARESE 2003. Superseded by ARNOLD 2006.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 2004 use the NEMO-3 tracking detector. The limit corresponds to <g(nu chi)> < (0.7 -- 1.6)10**-4 using the matrix elements of SIMKOVIC 1999, STOICA 2001 and CIVITARESE 2003.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
Supersedes ALESSANDRELLO 2000. Array of TeO(2) crystals in high resolution cryogenic calorimeter. Some enriched in Te130. Derive <g(nu chi)> < 17 -- 33E-5 depending on matrix element.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
Limit for the 0nu chi decay with Majoron emission of Cd116 using enriched CdWO(4) scintillators. <g(nu chi)><4.6 -- 8.1E-5 depending on the matrix element. Supersedes DANEVICH 2000.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
BERNABEI 2002D obtain limit for 0nu chi decay with Majoron emission of Xe136 using liquid Xe scintillation detector. They derive <g(nu chi)><2.0 -- 3.0E-5 with several nuclear matrix elements.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
Replaces TANAKA 1993. FUSHIMI 2002 derive half-life limit for the 0nu chidecay by means of tracking calorimeter ELEGANTV.  Considering various matrix element calculations, a range of limits for the Majoron-neutrino coupling is given: <g(nu chi)><(6.3 -- 360)x10**-5.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
DANEVICH 2001 obtain limit for the 0nu chi decay with Majoron emission of Gd160 using Gd(2)SiO(5):Ce crystal scintillators.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 2000 reports limit for the 0nu chi decay with Majoron emission derived from tracking calorimeter NEMO2. Using Se82 source: <g(nu chi)><1.6E-4. Matrix element from GUENTHER 1996.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 2000 reports limit for the 0nu 2chi decay with two Majoron emission derived from tracking calorimeter NEMO2.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
ARNOLD 1998 determine the limit for 0nu_{{chi}} decay with Majoron emission of Se82 using the NEMO-2 tracking detector. They derive <g(nu_{{chi}})> <2.3 -- 4.3E-4 with several nuclear matrix elements.


pdgid: S029MT
text:
LUESCHER 1998 report a limit for the 0nu decay with Majoron emission of Xe136 using Xe TPC.  This result is more stringent than BARABASH 1989. Using the matrix elements of ENGEL 1988, they obtain a limit on <g(nu chi)> of 2.0E-4.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
BIANCHINI 2024 report a new limit on the axion mass, testing for the existence of a thermally  produced hot dark matter population using current cosmic microwave background and baryon acoustic  oscillation data. This analysis presents a stronger limit than previous bounds, e.g. NOTARI 2023.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
CHENG 2023 employ an improved approximation of the boson cloud eigenfrequency to calculate   the superradiance rate. They find that sensitivity depends on initial spin distribution and the   merger timescale, and identify two preferred ranges for boson mass centered at 1.78E-12 and   7.94E-13 eV.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
DELLA-MONICA 2023 consider the solitonic core implied by ultralight scalar dark matter in the  centre of the Milky Way and the effect its presence would have on the precisely tracked orbits of  the stars orbiting our galaxy's central supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A***.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
DERBIN 2023 employ a thulium garnet crystal bolometer to search for the 8.4 keV solar axion  line emitted from the M1 nuclear transition of thulium-169, Tm169. Mass bound applies to  KSVZ axions, value for DFSZ is 244 eV.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
NOTARI 2023 improved the evaluation of axion production from pion scatterings by using   pion-pion scattering data and incorporating the momentum dependence of the Boltzmann equation. The   limit is based on the Planck 2018, BAO, and Pantheon SN Ia data.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
ROGERS 2023 use the CMB and BOSS galaxy-clustering data to set limits on the abundance of  ultralight axion DM. They obtained Omega(A0) < 0.002 for mass(A0) =  E-30 -- E-28 eV and set upper limits ranging from 0.002 to 0.07 for mass(A0) = E-32 -- E-25  eV. See their Fig. 22 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
SMARRA 2023 is the European Pulsar Timing Array's constraint on the contribution of  ultralight DM to the DM density in our local galactic neighbourhood. Ultralight DM cannot saturate  the known DM density of 0.3 GeV/cc for masses inside this mass interval of E-24 -- 5E-23 eV.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
XIA 2023 is analogous to PORAYKO 2018 and use the Fermi-LAT pulsar timing array. They   set a bound on the local density as rho(A0) ~< 8 GeV/cm**3 for mass(A0)   ~< E-23 eV at 95% CL, with weaker constraints up to E-22 eV. See their Fig. 1  for the mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
LAGUE 2022 used the BOSS galaxy-clustering data to set limits on the abundance of ultralight   axion dark matter. When combined with the CMB data, they obtained   Omega(A0)h**2 < 0.004 for mass(A0) = E-31 -- E-26 eV.   See their Figs. 1 and 15 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
YUAN 2022A use the data of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs to  search for stochastic GW background produced by scalar bosonic clouds formed by the BH superradiant  instability. They set the limit, taking into account all the unstable modes.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
BANIK 2021 use the subhalo mass function inferred from the analyses of the GD-1 and Pal 5  stellar streams. The limit is strengthened to 2.2E-21 eV when adding dwarf satellite counts.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
BAUMHOLZER 2021 study the freeze-in production of axion dark matter through couplings to  photons, and set the limit using Lyman-alpha forest data and the observed number of Milky  Way subhalos.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
CROON 2021 study the supernova cooling effect of the axion-muon coupling, taking account of  semi-Compton scattering and muon-proton bremsstrahlung, as well as the loop-induced axion-photon  coupling, and exclude the range of g(A mu mu) ~= 7E-3 -- 2E-10 for  mass(A0) < 0.5 GeV. See their Fig. 8 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
FUJIKURA 2021 use the EROS-2 survey and the Subaru HSC observation to set limits on  spherically symmetric axion clumps, taking account of the finite lens and source size effects.  f(A0) ~> E12 GeV can be constrained depending on the fraction of the  axion dark matter collapsed into clumps, and the clump densities. See their Figs. 7 -- 10  for the limits.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
MARTINCAMALICH 2021 considered axion emission from a supernova core through the Lambda   hyperon  decay, and set the limit on B(Lambda --> n A0) ~< 8E-9, or equivalently,    f(A0)/C(sd) ~> 2.6E9 GeV in terms of the flavor-violating axion    coupling to the down and strange quarks.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
NG 2021 use the binary black holes reported by LIGO and Virgo to determine the black hole  spin distribution at formation and the scalar boson mass simultaneously, neglecting the boson  self-interaction.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
ROGERS 2021 set the limit by using a framework involving Bayesian emulator optimization to  accurately forward-model the Lyman-alpha flux power spectrum, and comparing this with  small-scale data to constrain the predicted suppression of cosmic structure growth.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
TSUKADA 2021 look for a stochastic GW background produced by extragalactic BH-hidden photon   cloud systems through the superradiant instability. They assume a uniform spin distribution at  birth of isolated BHs from 0 to 1.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
IRSIC 2020 used the Lyman-alpha forest constraint on small-scale isocurvature  perturbation to derive limits on the axion mass and decay constant, assuming that the axion makes  up all dark matter in the post-inflationary scenario. See their Fig. 1 for other astrophysical  limits as well as the limits on the case of the temperature-dependent axion mass.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
PODDAR 2020 used the observed decay in orbital period of four compact binary systems to  derive a limit on the emission of axions with mass(A0) < 1E-19 eV, assuming they couple  to nucleons and the strong CP phase vanishes at the potential minimum. They exclude  f(A0) ~< E11 GeV for such axions.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
SCHUTZ 2020 set a limit on fuzzy dark matter based on the existing limits for warm dark  matter derived from the inferred subhalo mass function.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
SUN 2020 look for quasimonochromatic gravitational waves emitted from boson clouds around the  Cygnus X-1 black hole. The quoted limit assume the black hole age of 5E6 years. A mass range of  9.6 -- 15.5E-13 eV is disfavored when repeated induction of bosenova for string axions with  decay constant f(A0) ~= E15 GeV prevents the superradiance from being  saturated.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
DAVOUDIASL 2019 used the observed data of M87* by the Event Horizon Telescope to set the  limit. A mass range of 0.85 -- 4.6E-21 eV is disfavored for a spin-1 boson.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
MARSH 2019 considered heating of star clusters due to the stochastic oscillations of the core  and granular quasiparticles in the outer halo. The limit was derived by requiring the survival of  the old star cluster in Eridanus II, where the lower end is set by the validity of diffusion  approximation. The effect of tidal stripping is also discussed for lower masses.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
PALOMBA 2019 used the LIGO O2 dataset to derive limits on nearly monochromatic gravitational  waves emitted by boson clouds formed around a stellar-mass black hole. They exclude boson masses in  a range of 1.1E-13 and 4E-13 eV for high initial black hole spin, and 1.2E-13 and  1.8E-13 eV for moderate spin. See their Figs. 2 and 3 for limits based on various values of  black hole initial spin, boson cloud age, and distance.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
CHANG 2018 update axion bremsstrahlung emission rates in nucleon-nucleon collisions, shifting  the excluded mass range to higher values. They rule out the hadronic axion with mass up to a few  hundred eV, closing the hadronic axion window. See their Fig. 11 for results based on several  different choices of the temperature and density profile of the proto-neutron star.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
PORAYKO 2018 look for time-dependent oscillations in the gravitational potential generated by   ultralight scalar dark matter, and set a bound on its local density as rho(A0)   ~< 6 GeV/cm**3 for mass(A0) ~< E-23 eV at 95% CL. See their Fig. 4 for  the limits.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
ARCHIDIACONO 2013A is analogous to HANNESTAD 2005A. The limit is based on the CMB temperature power spectrum of the Planck data, the CMB polarization from the WMAP 9-yr data, the matter power spectrum from SDSS-DR7, and the local Hubble parameter measurement by the Carnegie Hubble program.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
CADAMURO 2011 use the deuterium abundance to show that the mass(A0) range 0.7eV -- 300keV is excluded for axions, complementing HANNESTAD 2010.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
DERBIN 2011A look for solar axions produced by Compton and bremsstrahlung processes, in the resonant excitation of Tm169, constraining the axion-electron x axion nucleon couplings.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
ANDRIAMONJE 2010 search for solar axions produced from Li7  (478 keV) and D(p,gamma)He3 (5.5 MeV) nuclear transitions. They show limits on the axion-photon coupling for two reference values of  the axion-nucleon coupling for mass(A)< 100 eV.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
ANDRIAMONJE 2009 look for solar axions produced from the thermally excited 14.4 keV level of Fe57. They show limits on the axion-nucleon x axion-photon coupling assuming mass(A)< 0.03 eV.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
DERBIN 2009A look for Primakoff-produced solar axions in the resonant excitation of Tm169, constraining the axion-photon x axion-nucleon couplings.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
KEKEZ 2009 look at axio-electric effect of solar axions in HPGe detectors.  The one-loop axion-electron coupling for hadronic axions is used.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
This is an update of HANNESTAD 2005A with new cosmological data, notably WMAP (3 years) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). Lyman-alpha data are left out, in contrast to HANNESTAD 2005A and MELCHIORRI 2007A, because it is argued that systematic errors are large. It uses Bayesian statistics and marginalizes over a possible neutrino hot dark matter component.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
MELCHIORRI 2007A is analogous to HANNESTAD 2005A, with updated cosmological data, notably WMAP (3 years). Uses Bayesian statistics and marginalizes over a possible neutrino hot dark matter component. Leaving out Lyman-alpha data, a conservative limit is 1.4 eV.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
HANNESTAD 2005A puts an upper limit on the mass of hadronic axion because in this mass range it would have been thermalized and contribute to the hot dark matter component of the universe. The limit is based on the CMB anisotropy from WMAP, SDSS large scale structure, Lyman alpha, and the prior Hubble parameter from HST Key Project. A chi^2 statistic is used. Neutrinos are assumed not to contribute to hot dark matter.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
MOROI 1998 points out that a KSVZ axion of this mass range (see CHANG 1993) can be a viable hot dark matter of Universe, as long as the model-dependent g(A gamma) is accidentally small enough as originally emphasized by KAPLAN 1985; see Fig.1.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
BORISOV 1997 bound is on the axion-electron coupling g(ae)<1E-13 from the photo-production of axions off of magnetic fields in the outer layers of neutron stars.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
KACHELRIESS 1997 bound is on the axion-electron coupling g(ae)<1E-10 from the production of axions in strongly magnetized neutron stars.  The authors also quote a stronger limit, g(ae)<9E-13 which is strongly dependent on the strength of the magnetic field in white dwarfs.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
KEIL 1997 uses new measurements of the axial-vector coupling strength of nucleons, as well as a reanalysis of many-body effects and pion-emission processes in the core of the neutron star, to update limits on the invisible-axion mass.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
RAFFELT 1995 reexamined the constraints on axion emission from red giants due to the axion-electron coupling.  They improve on DEARBORN 1986 by taking into proper account degeneracy effects in the bremsstrahlung rate. The limit comes from requiring the red giant core mass at helium ignition not to exceed its standard value by more than 5% (0.025 solar masses).


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
ALTHERR 1994 bound is on the axion-electron coupling g(ae)<1.5E-13, from energy loss via axion emission.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
CHANG 1993 updates ENGEL 1990 bound with the Kaplan-Manohar ambiguity in z=mass(u)/mass(d) (see the Note on the Quark Masses in the Quark Particle Listings).  It leaves the window f(A)=3E5-3E6 GeV open. The constraint from Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis is satisfied in this window as well.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
BERSHADY 1991 searched for a line at wave length from 3100 -- 8300 angstroms expected from 2gamma decays of relic thermal axions in intergalactic light of three rich clusters of galaxies.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
KIM 1991C argues that the bound from the mass density of the universe will change drastically for the supersymmetric models due to the entropy production of saxion (scalar component in the axionic chiral multiplet) decay.  Note that it is an upperbound rather than a lowerbound.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
RAFFELT 1991B argue that previous SN1987A bounds must be relaxed due to corrections to nucleon bremsstrahlung processes.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
ENGEL 1990 rule out 10**-10~< g(AN) ~<10**-3, which for a hadronic axion with EMC motivated axion-nucleon couplings corresponds to 2.5E-3eV ~< mass(A0) ~< 2.5E4eV.  The constraint is loose in the middle of the range, i.e. for electron gfactor(AN) ~10**-6.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
ERICSON 1989 considered various nuclear corrections to axion emission in a supernova core, and found a reduction of the previous limit (MAYLE 1988) by a large factor.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
MAYLE 1989 limit based on naive quark model couplings of axion to nucleons.  Limit based on couplings motivated by EMC measurements is 2-4 times weaker.  The limit from axion-electron coupling is weak: see HATSUDA 1988B.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
RAFFELT 1988B derives a limit for the energy generation rate by exotic processes in helium-burning stars epsilon < 100 erg g**-1 s**-1, which gives a firmer basis for the axion limits based on red giant cooling.


pdgid: S029IAA
text:
RAFFELT 1986 gives a limit electron gfactor(Agamma) < 1.1E-10 GeV**-1 from red giants and <2.4E-9 GeV**-1 from the sun.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
AHN 2024 is from the CAPP-MAX experiment with sensitivity to DFSZ axions. See Fig. 22 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
BAE 2024 search for dark matter axions using a microwave cavity with a tunable TM020 mode,  scanning around 5 GHz. See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
DAVYDOV 2024 constrain ultralight axion-like particle dark matter via the oscillating  birefringence effect induced by the local ALP field. Their constraint is based on polarimetric  measurements of the HL Tauri protoplanetary disk. Their constraint is g(a gamma)  < 2.111E-12 GeV**-1(mass(a)/E-22) eV.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
HEINZE 2024 search for ALP dark matter using the LIDA experiment - a laser interferometric  haloscope that can detect the axion-induced polarisation rotation of light. Quoted limit assumes a  dark matter density of 0.4 GeV/cm**3. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
KIM 2024 report results from the CAPP-12T experiment searching for dark matter axions around  22 mueV down to the KSVZ level. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
PANDEY 2024 report first search from the ADBC haloscope - an optical bow-tie laser cavity  searching for the oscillating birefringence effect due to axion dark matter coupled to the photon.  See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
QUISKAMP 2024 present results from Phase 1b of the ORGAN experiment, a high-frequency  resonant axion haloscope in the 15 -- 50 GHz range. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent  limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
RETTAROLI 2024 report results from the QUAX resonant cavity haloscope at 8.8 GHz. This  extends their previous search around this mass range reported in ALESINI 2019. See their Fig.  7 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
ADACHI 2023D is analogous to ADE 2021. They used POLARBEAR data, and take account of a  stochastic local axion field amplitude with the time-averaged local axion density rho_{{A}} = 0.3  GeV/cm**3. Limits are set at G(A gamma gamma) < 2.4E-11 GeV**-1  (mass(A0)/E-21 eV), which is 2.2 times larger than the deterministic case. See Fig. 5 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
DI-VORA 2023 searches for axions in a narrow mass window using an 8T haloscope and a  travelling wave parametric amplifier to achieve noise close to the quantum limit. This is an  improvement on their previous scan at the same mass, ALESINI 2021. See Fig. 7 for  mass-dependent limits and a comparison.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
JEWELL 2023 correct an underestimation of intermediate frequency noise in BACKES 2021.  See their Fig. 11 for the mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
KIM 2023 is an update of KWON 2021 on the CAPP-PACE experiment.  See their Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
OSHIMA 2023 report first limits from the DANCE experiment. This experiment is based on a  novel bow-tie cavity design that searches for the oscillating rotation of polarised laser light  driven by the DM axion-photon mixing at low frequencies. See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
THOMSON 2023 used an AC microwave cavity to search for dark matter axions. The axion signal  is resonantly enhanced when the axion mass matches the difference between a cavity which is pumped  with power and another resonant mode close in frequency that is used to read out the signal. See  their Fig. 7 for the mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
YANG 2023 extends the first phase of CAPP 18T to KSVZ axions between 4.8077 and 4.8181 GHz.  They used an 18T high-temperature superconducting magnet haloscope. See their Fig. 5 for  mass-dependent limits. Quoted value is for their limit derived with a Bayesian method.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
YI 2023 is analogous to LEE 2020A, using the CAPP-12TB haloscope. See their Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
YI 2023A used the same data as YI 2023, but instead of the standard halo model, they  searched for axion dark matter in the Sagittarius tidal stream with a velocity v = 300  km/sec and a velocity dispersion deltav = 20 km/sec. See their Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
ADE 2022 is an update of ADE 2021 based on the expanded data of the 2012 -- 2015   observing seasons. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits over the extended mass range  1E-23 -- 6E-19 eV.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
ALESINI 2022 is an update of ALESINI 2021, using the TM030 mode of the cylindrical  dielectric cavity. See their Fig. 8 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
BATTYE 2022 is analogous to DARLING 2020A, and use plasma ray tracing technique to  analyze the propagation of radio photons converted from axion dark matter in the magnetosphere of  PSR J1745-2900. The quoted limit assumes rho_{{A}} = 6.5E4 GeV/cm**3 in the vicinity of  the magnetar. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
CHANG 2022 used a microwave cavity detector to search for dark matter axions. See Fig. 3 for  the mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
FERGUSON 2022 is analogous to ADE 2021. They use the data of the SPT-3G's 2019    observing season. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits over the extended mass range    0.047 -- 9.5E-20 eV.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
LEE 2022 is analogous to LEE 2020A. They used an 18T high-temperature superconducting  magnet haloscope. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
QUISKAMP 2022 is a 15.28 to 16.23 GHz microwave cavity haloscope with 11.5 T B-field. See   Fig. 4  for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
YOON 2022 analyzed the data from LEE 2022 and changed from a frequentist to a  Bayesian  method to set limits. See their Fig. 27 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
ZHOU 2022 is analogous to DARLING 2020A, and they use the data from the MeerKAT radio  telescope's observation of the neutron star J0806.4-4123, which is 250 pc from Earth. See their  Fig.3 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
ADE 2021 looks for a time-variable global rotation of the CMB polarization induced by the   harmonic oscillations of local axion-like dark matter and uses data from the 2012 observing season  of the Keck Array, part of the BICEP program. The limits get 25% weaker for mass(A0) =   4.8E-20 -- 5.7E-19 eV. See their Eq. (80) and Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
DEVLIN 2021 use the superconducting resonant detection circuit of a cryogenic Penning trap  with a single antiproton. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
GRAMOLIN 2021 use two detection channels, each consisting of two stacked toroids to look for  the axion-induced oscillating magnetic field. The quoted limit applies at mass(A0) = 0.02 neV. See  their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
KWON 2021 is analogous to LEE 2020A. They also obtain weaker limits in the range of   mass(A0) = 10.16 -- 11.37 mueV. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
MELCON 2021 use a radio frequency cavity consisting of 5 sub-cavities coupled by inductive  irises installed inside the CAST dipole magnet to look for higher axion masses. See their Fig. 9  for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
THOMSON 2021 use a resonant cavity supporting two spatially overlapping microwave modes,  which is sensitive to the axion mass corresponding to the sum or difference of the two resonant  frequencies. The original limit was retracted due to a sign error. See their Fig. 2 in the erratum  for the corrected limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
YUAN 2021 use polarimetric observations of Sgr A***  taken by the Event Horizon Telescope  to search for periodic oscillation of the polarization induced by axion dark matter, assuming a  solitonic core near the Galactic center. They obtained limits in the range of G(A gamma gamma) =  8E-13 -- 3E-11 GeV**-1.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
CRISOSTO 2020 used a resonant LC circuit to look for lighter axion dark matter. They obtained  a similar, slightly weaker limit for mass(A0) = 174.98 -- 175.19 and 177.34 -- 177.38 neV. See  their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029AXI
text:
DARLING 2020A use VLA data to look for radio-frequency radiation converted from axion dark  matter in the magnetosphere of the Galactic Center magnetar PSR J1745-2900. They extended the  results of DARLING 2020, which used only data with the highest angular resolution, by adding  sub-optimal data. They use rho_{{A}} = 6.5E4 GeV/cm**3 in the vicinity of the magnetar.  See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


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FOSTER 2020 look for radio-frequency radiation converted from axion dark matter in the  magnetic field around neutron stars. They use the observed data of isolated local neutron stars and  in the Galactic center. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) ~= 7 mueV. See their  Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


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JEONG 2020 is analogous to LEE 2020A, and they use a double-cell cavity to look for  axions with mass > 10 mueV. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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KENNEDY 2020 is analogous to BRANCA 2017, and they compare the frequency ratios of the  Si cavity measured by a Sr optical lattice clock and by a H maser.  Assuming the local density of moduli dark matter, rho(S) = 0.3 GeV/cm**3, they  obtain a limit G(S gamma gamma) < 5.8E-24 GeV**-1 at mass(S0) =  2E-19 eV.  See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits as well as limits on the modulus coupling  to electrons.


pdgid: S029AXI
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LEE 2020A used a microwave cavity detector at the IBS/CAPP to search for dark matter axions.  See Fig. 3 for the mass-dependent limits.


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ALESINI 2019 used a superconducting resonant cavity made of NbTi to increase the  quality factor. The limit applies to a mass range of 0.2 neV around mass(A0) = 37.5 mueV.


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FUJITA 2019 look for photon birefringence under the oscillating axion background using the  polarimetric imaging observation of a protoplanetary disk, AB Aur. See their Fig. 2 for a more  conservative limit taking account of possible systematic effects.


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OUELLET 2019A look for the axion-induced oscillating magnetic field generated by a toroidal  magnetic field. The quoted limit applies at mass(A0) = 8 neV. See their Fig. 3 for the  mass-dependent limits.


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BOUTAN 2018 use a small high frequency cavity installed above the main ADMX cavity to look  for heavier axion dark matter. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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DU 2018 is analogous to DUFFY 2006. They upgraded a dilution refrigerator to reduce the  system noise. The quoted limit is around mass(A0) = 2.69 mueV  for the boosted Maxwellian  axion line shape. See Fig. 4 for their mass-dependent limits.


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ZHONG 2018 is analogous to BRUBAKER 2017.  The quoted limit applies at mass(A0) =  23.76 mueV. See Fig. 4 for their mass-dependent limits.


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BRANCA 2017 look for modulations of the fine-structure constant and the electron mass due to  moduli dark matter by using the cryogenic resonant-mass AURIGA detector.  The limit on the assumed  dilatonic coupling implies G(S gamma gamma) < 1.5E-24 GeV**-1 for  the scalar to two-photon coupling. See Fig. 5 for the mass-dependent limits.


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BRUBAKER 2017 used a microwave cavity detector at the Yale Wright Laboratory to search for  dark matter axions. See Fig. 3 for the mass-dependent limits.


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CHOI 2017 used a microwave cavity detector with toroidal geometry. See Fig. 4 for their  mass-dependent limits.


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MCALLISTER 2017 used a high-frequency microwave cavity haloscope at 26.6 GHz in a 7 T   magnetic field. See Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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HOSKINS 2016 is analogous to DUFFY 2006. See Fig.12 for mass-dependent limits  in terms of the local dark matter density.


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BECK 2013 argues that dark-matter axions passing through Earth may generate a small observable signal in resonant S/N/S Josephson junctions. A measurement by HOFFMANN 2004 [Physical Review  B70 180503 (2004)] is interpreted in terms of subdominant dark matter axions with mass(A0) = 0.11 meV.


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HOSKINS 2011 is analogous to DUFFY 2006. See Fig.4 for the mass-dependent limit in terms of the local density.


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ASZTALOS 2010 used the upgraded detector of ASZTALOS 2004 to search for halo axions. See their Fig.5 for the mass(A0) dependence of the limit.


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DUFFY 2006 used the upgraded detector of ASZTALOS 2004, while assuming a smaller velocity dispersion than the isothermal model as in Eq. (8) of their paper. See Fig. 10 of their paper on the axion mass dependence of the limit.


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ASZTALOS 2004 looked for a conversion of halo axions to microwave photons in magnetic field. At 90% CL, the KSVZ axion cannot have a local halo density more than 0.45~GeV/cm**3 in the quoted mass range.  See Fig.~7 of their paper on the axion mass dependence of the limit.


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KIM 1998 calculated the axion-to-photon couplings for various axion models and compared them to the HAGMANN 1990 bounds.  This analysis demonstrates a strong model dependence of G(A gamma gamma) and hence the bound from relic axion search.


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WUENSCH 1989 looks for condensed axions near the earth that could be converted to photons in the presence of an intense electromagnetic field via the Primakoff effect, following the proposal of SIKIVIE 1983.  The theoretical prediction with [G(A gamma gamma)/mass(A0)]**2 = 2E-14 MeV**-4 (the three generation DFSZ model) and rho(A) = 300 MeV/cm**3 that makes up galactic halos gives (G(A gamma gamma)/mass(A0))**2 rho(A) = 4E-44. Note that our definition of G(A gamma gamma) is (1/4pi) smaller than that of WUENSCH 1989.


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ABLIKIM 2024AD constrain the axion-photon coupling through radiative J/psi decays in the  BESIII detector at the Beijing electron-positron collider. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent  limits.


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ALTENMULLER 2024 report an extended search for solar axions using the CAST experiment. The  experiment employed a new xenon-based microMEGAS detector - a pathfinder for the future  International Axion Observatory (IAXO). This limit improves upon ANASTASSOPOULOS 2017. See  Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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DEV 2024 use Fermi gamma-ray observations of the neutron star merger GW170817 to constrain  the production and subsequent decay of high-mass axion-like particles. Constraint extends  diagonally in mass-coupling space, reaching 7E-12 GeV**-1 at 100 MeV. See Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


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DIAMOND 2024 use multi-messenger observations of the neutron star merger GW170817 to  constrain the production and radiative decay of axions in the event. Limits shown in their Fig. 3  extend diagonally in mass-coupling space.


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FORDHAM 2024 use asteroseismology observations of a solar-like star, KIC 6933899, to  constrain axion emission from its interior via the photon coupling. Bound applies to all axion  masses up to around the core temperature of the star ~keV.


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GAO 2024 constrain ALP-photon oscillations via their imprint on the gamma-ray spectrum of the  blazar Mrk 421, as observed by MAGIC and Fermi-LAT. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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GAO 2024A constrain ALP-photon oscillations using the high-energy gamma-ray spectrum observed  by LHAASO of the brightest gamma-ray burst so far detected, GRB 221009A. See their Fig. 5 for  mass-dependent limits. The strength of the limit depends on the magnetic field of the host galaxy.


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GUO 2024 search for axion dark matter decaying or converting into photons in the Coma  Berenices dwarf galaxy using the radio telescope FAST. The quoted limit is for the case of axions  decaying, including stimulated emission. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


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LI 2024A constrain the imprint of ALP-photon oscillations on the TeV gamma-ray spectrum of  the BL Lac blazar 1ES 1215+303 using VERITAS and Fermi-LAT data. See their Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


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LI 2024B constrain the imprint of ALP-photon oscillations on the very-high-energy gamma-ray  spectrum of various galactic sources detected by the LHAASO air-shower array. Best limits are  obtained from the Crab Nebula after combining several observations from different gamma-ray  observatories in addition to LHAASO. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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LI 2024D search for evidence of axion-photon oscillations imprinted on the gamma-ray spectrum  of the nearby BL Lac blazar Markarian 421. They set upper limits using data from Fermi-LAT and  HAWC. The quoted limit applies for mass(A0) ~= 3E-9 eV. See their Fig. 3 for  mass-dependent limits.


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MANZARI 2024 search for evidence of axions produced in SN1987A converting into gamma-rays  that would have been detectable by the Solar Maximum Mission. This analysis improves upon previous  studies of axion-photon conversion after SN1987A (e.g. HOOF 2023) by including the magnetic  field of the progenitor star. Quoted limit applies for masses below  0.1 neV and rises towards  larger masses. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


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PANT 2024 searches for the imprint of axion-photon oscillations in the very-high-energy  gamma-ray spectrum of the quasar QSO B1420+326 observed by the MAGIC telescope. Three small  disconnected regions of mass-coupling parameter space below 1 neV are ruled out. See Fig. 4 for the  limits.


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PYBUS 2024 report results from the GlueX detector, which has searched for the two-photon  decay of heavy axions produced through the nuclear Primakoff effect due to a beam of photons  incident on a Carbon target. See their Fig. 8 for mass-dependent limits.


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RAVENSBURG 2024 search for heavy axions decaying to two photons using the recent nearby  type-II supernova SN 2023ixf. Constraint extends diagonally downwards in mass-coupling space, see  their Fig. 2 for full limits. Quoted limit is the most constraining point for the most conservative  choices for supernova parameters.


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TODARELLO 2024 search for axions decaying to two photons in the halos of Milky Way dwarf  galaxies observed in the MUSE-Faint survey. This study improves upon an earlier one presented in  REGIS 2021. See their Fig. 5 for compiled mass-dependent limits.


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WANG 2024A search for axions decaying into two photons assuming that they make up the dark  matter halos of galaxies. They use data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, searching  for the axion decay line in optical wavelengths with their Bright Galaxy and Luminous Red Galaxy  samples. See their Fig. 8 for mass-dependent limits on the axion to photon decay rate. Their  constraint is quoted as a 5sigma detection limit.


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BATTYE 2023 look for dark-matter axions falling into pulsar magnetospheres and converting  into narrow radio lines. Unlike the earlier FOSTER 2022 they search for evidence of  conversion in the time-domain signal of a single pulsar, using 1 hour of MeerKAT data on the pulsar  PSR J2144-3933. The quoted limit applies to an assumed magnetic field of 2E12 G and a dark  matter density of 0.45 GeV/cm**3.


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BEAUFORT 2023 extends DEROCCO 2022 who searched for the X-ray decay of axions that  build up in the gravitational well of the Sun over its lifetime, the 'solar basin'. They use data  from NuSTAR and SphinX telescopes and extends the previous study by accounting for the axion  production via photon coalescence.


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BERNAL 2023 use gamma-ray data from 739 blazars observed by FermiLAT and 38 blazars by  Cherenkov observatories. They estimate optical depth, subtract the astrophysical component, and  attribute the residual to axion two-photon decay. The quoted limit is for mass(A0) ~= 25 eV.  See their Fig. 3 for the mass-dependent limits.


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CAPOZZI 2023 use Planck CMB and Lyman-alpha observations to set limits on early  energy injection by decaying dark matter axions that would affect CMB anisotropies and the  reionisation history of the Universe. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) = 100 eV and the  reionization model of Fauchere-Giguere. See Fig. 4 for mass-dependent constraints from different  reionization models.


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CAPOZZI 2023A search for axions produced in electromagnetic showers in proton beam dumps and  fixed target experiments. In this case, they reinterpret MiniBoone data. Quoted limit applies at  100 MeV but the limit does not extend to arbitrarily large couplings. See Fig. 7 for mass-dependent  limits.


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DAVIES 2023 is analogous to AJELLO 2016, and use the Fermi-LAT data from three quasars  (3C454.3, CTA 102, and 3C279), considering the blazer jets as the regions where the axion-photon  oscillations occur. See Fig. 8 for the mass-dependent limits.


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DIAMOND 2023 demonstrate that a window of decaying 10-MeV-mass ALP parameter space previously  thought to be excluded by the lack of gamma-ray emission from the SN 1987A explosion is actually  unconstrained because of the formation of a fireball that would prevent decay photons from  escaping. They nevertheless re-exclude this window by considering the non-detection of the sub-MeV  emission by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter. The quoted limit is at mass(A0) = 56 MeV. See their Fig. 2  for mass-dependent limits.


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FILZINGER 2023 searched for oscillations in the fine structure constant induced by   dilaton-like dark matter by measuring the frequency ratio between the E3 and E2 transitions of   Yb171**+. They assume the local dark matter density  rho_{{S}} = 0.4 GeV/cm**3.   The quoted limit is set at mass(S0) ~= 4E-23 eV. See their Fig. 4 for the limits over  mass(S0) = 1E-24 -- 1E-17 eV.


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HOOF 2023 consider axions emitted from SN1987A converting to gamma rays in Galactic magnetic    fields, using temporal information of the Solar Maximum Mission data. They set a limit    G(A gamma gamma) ~< 5E-12 for masses mass(A0) ~< 2E-10 eV.  See left panel in Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


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HOOF 2023 look for gamma rays resulting from the decay of axions produced from SN1987A, using  the  Solar Maximum Mission data. See right panel in Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


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JACOBSEN 2023 search for the imprints of axion-photon mixing on the TeV spectra of several  blazars using data from the HAWC air shower detector.


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LI 2023H look for gamma-ray spectral irregularities induced by axion-photon oscillations from   AGN VER J0521+211, using the Fermi-LAT and VERITAS data. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent  limits.


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NOORDHUIS 2023 places strong constraints on the axion-photon coupling over a broad mass  window using the fact that the polar cap regions of pulsars can generate a population of axions,  which would then convert into an observable outgoing radio flux in the presence of the neutron  star's B-field. They search for this signal in 27 pulsars and set mass-dependent limits shown in  their Fig. 2.


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PANT 2023 study the effect of axion-photon oscillations on the gamma-ray spectrum   from the  extragalactic neutrino source, TXS 0506+056. The quoted limit is at mass(A0) ~=   2.7E-7  eV.  See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


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SHERRILL 2023 search for scalar dilaton-like dark matter via oscillations in the fundamental  constants. Their most competitive constraint is on the scalar photon coupling (Fig. 6, upper panel)  that affects the fine-structure constant, which they extract using an optical-to-optical clock  comparison between Yb171**+ and Sr87. Quoted limit applies at the  smallest mass in their search window for this case of E-20 eV.


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SULAI 2023 looked for ultralight axion dark matter using the ``Earth as a transducer" concept  over the 0.5 to 5 Hz frequency range. They situate several magnetometers at magnetically quiet  places and search for spatially-correlated magnetic field patterns induced by axion dark matter  interacting in the effective cavity formed between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere. See  their Fig. 12 for mass-dependent limits in context. This limit extends to higher-frequencies than  their previous limit using archival geomagnetic field data collected by the SuperMAG collaboration,  see ARZA 2022


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YAO 2023 study an optical circular polarization in blazers induced by the axion-photon   mixing. The quoted limit assumes the transverse magnetic field at the jet's emission site, with   B(T) = 1 G, and this limit inversely scales with B(T). See their Fig. 3   for the limits' dependence on B(T) and electron density.


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ZHANG 2023A searched for oscillations in the fine structure constant induced by dilaton-like  dark matter by measuring the frequencies of a hyperfine-structure transition in Rb87 and  an electronic transition in Dy164, and by comparing them with that of a quartz  oscillator. They assume the local dark matter density rho_{{S}} ~= 0.4 GeV/cm**3. The  quoted limit is set at mass(S0) ~= 1E-17 eV. See their Fig. 3 for the limits over  mass(S0) = 1E-17 -- 8.3E-13 eV.


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APRILE 2022B is an update of APRILE 2020 based on a similar solar axion modeling to  DENT 2020A and GAO 2020. They exclude the XENON1T excess found in APRILE 2020.  The quoted limit holds for small g(A e e). See Fig. 6 for correlation between  G(A gamma gamma) and g(A e e).


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ARNQUIST 2022 is analogous to AVIGNONE 1998, and supersedes ANASTASSOPOULOS 2017  for mass(A0) ~> 1.2 eV.


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ARZA 2022 search for low-mass axions as dark matter using the Earth as a transducer for  axion-photon conversion. The concept works because the region between the Earth and the ionosphere  forms an insulating cavity that parametrically enhances the axion signal by the radius of the  Earth. The result is an oscillating and spatially correlated magnetic field induced via the  interaction between axion dark matter and the geomagnetic field, which they searched for using  archival magnetometer field data over 20 years compiled by the SuperMAG collaboration. Quoted limit  applies for masses 3 -- 4E-17 eV, see Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


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BERNAL 2022 explored the possibility that the excess in the cosmic optical background  measured by New Horizonss Long Range Reconnaisance Imager was due to axion dark matter decaying  into monoenergetic photons. See their Fig. 2 for the axion-photon coupling to explain the excess.


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CALORE 2022 update CALORE 2020 by evaluating axion fluxes from progenitors of various  masses and performing a template-based analysis using 12 years of Fermi-LAT data in the energy  range from 50 MeV to 500 GeV. See their Fig. 10 for mass-dependent limits.


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CAPUTO 2022 study the effect of energy deposition by radiative decay of axions produced via  the Primakoff process and photon coalescence in the supernova core, and set the limits by the  radiative energy deposition < E50 erg and progenitor radius = 5E13 cm. The quoted  limit is at mass(A0) = 150 MeV. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


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CASTILLO 2022 update CAPUTO 2019 using the polarization measurements of the Crab Pulsar  by the QUIJOTE MFI instrument and 20 Galactic pulsars from the PPTA project. See their Table 1 for  the assumed local axion energy density rho_{{A}} for each pulsar and their Fig. 7 for the  mass-dependent limits in the range of 3E-23 eV <= mass(A0) <= E-19 eV.


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DEROCCO 2022 uses the NuSTAR data to search for monochromatic X-ray lines produced by the  decay of solar axions trapped on bound orbits. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) ~= 9  keV. They also derive limits in the plane of g(A e e) and G(A gamma gamma).  See their Figs. 2 and 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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DESSERT 2022A look for an axion-induced linear polarization using data from multiple magnetic  white dwarf stars. See their Figs. 1 and 8 for the mass-dependent limits.


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ECKNER 2022 set limits by using sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray data from HAWC and Tibet  ASgamma by assuming that  gamma rays produced simultaneously with high-energy neutrinos from  extragalactic sources suggested by IceCube are converted to axions in the magnetic field at the  source and reconverted to gamma rays in the Galactic magnetic field. See their Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


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FOSTER 2022 is an update of FOSTER 2020 in the list of limits on relic invisible   axions. They search for axion-photon transitions generated by neutron stars in the Galactic center  region. They use improved population models of the Galactic center neutron stars and a  Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) model of the galactic dark matter distribution. The quoted  limit applies  to mass(A0) ~= 17 -- 25 mueV. See their Fig. 1 for  mass-dependent limits.


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KIRITA 2022 update HOMMA 2021 by increasing the laser energy and developing a  background discrimination method using the beam cross-section dependence of the background  originated from optical elements. The quoted limits applies to mass(A0) = 0.18 eV. See their Fig.  11 for mass-dependent limits.


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LANGHOFF 2022 set limits by considering the freeze-in production of axions coupled only to  photons. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) = 2 MeV for the reheating temperature equal to 5  MeV. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


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LI 2022 is analogous to LI 2021B, and use the spectra of the blazar FSRQ 4C+21.35  measured by MAGIC, VERITAS, and Fermi-LAT. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) ~= 8E-10  eV. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


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LI 2022C is analogous to LI 2021B, and use the  spectra of the blazars Mrk 421 and PG  1553+113 measured  by MAGIC and Fermi-LAT. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0)  ~=   1E-8  eV. See their  Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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LUCENTE 2022 developed a method to correctly incorporate the effects of axions decaying into  photons inside the core of horizontal-branch stars. They update CARENZA 2020 by evaluating  axion energy transfer in the range of axion mean free path where the diffusive energy transport and  free streaming approximations are not applicable. See their Fig. 1 for the limits.


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BASU 2021 searched for birefringence induced by axion dark matter using multiple images of  the polarized source in the strongly gravitationally lensed system CLASS B1152+199. They assume the  axion makes up all dark matter, and used the axion density in the emitting region, rho_{{A}} = 20  GeV/cm**3. Limits between 9.2E-11 -- 7.7E-8 GeV**-1 are obtained for mass(A0) =  3.6E-21 -- 4.6E-18eV. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


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BI 2021 look for the gamma-ray spectral distortions induced by axion-photon oscillations in  the presence of the Galactic magnetic field, using the measurements of sub-PeV gamma-rays from     the  Crab Nebula by the Tibet ASgamma and HAWC experiments, together with MAGIC and  HEGRA    gamma-ray data. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent  limits.


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DOLAN 2021A study the effect of axion production on the evolution of asymptotic giant  branch  stars, and use the white-dwarf initial-final mass relation to set the limits. See their Fig.  1 for  mass-dependent limits.


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GUO 2021 is analogous to AJELLO 2016, and use the Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. II  measurements of PG 1553+113 and PKS 2155-304. See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


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HOMMA 2021 look for the production of axion resonance states and their subsequent stimulated   decays by combining linearly polarized creation laser pulses and circularly polarized inducing   laser pulses. The quoted limit is at mass(A0) ~=  0.178 eV. See their Fig. 14 for   mass-dependent limits.


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LI 2021B is analogous to AJELLO 2016, and use the  spectra of the blazar Mrk 421 measured by ARGO-YBJ and Fermi-LAT. They consider ALP-photon mixing  in the magnetic fields of both the blazar jet and the Galaxy. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0)  ~= 1E-9 eV. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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LLOYD 2021 is analogous to FORTIN 2018, and set limits on the product of the axion   couplings to photons and nucleons as g(A N N) G(A gamma gamma)   ~< 4.6E-19 GeV**-1 for mass(A0) ~< E-5 eV by using the quiescent soft   gamma-ray flux upper limits in five magnetars. We use g(A N N) =  G(A N)  2mass(N) to translate their limits. See their Table II and Fig. 3 for the  limits.


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REGIS 2021 look for monochromatic photons from axion decay, using the MUSE spectroscopic data  on the Leo T dwarf spheroidal galaxy. They assume that axions make up all of dark matter and use  the integrated dark matter density along the line of sight determined by observations.


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XIAO 2021 use X-ray data from Betelgeuse to look for signals from axions produced in the  stellar core that were converted to X-rays by the Galactic magnetic field. See their Fig. 1 for the  mass-dependent limit.


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ABUDINEN 2020 look for the process e+ e- --> gamma A0 (A0 --> gamma gamma) and set  upper limits of around E-3 over the mass range. The quoted limit is at mass(A0) = 0.3 GeV. See  their Fig. 5 for mass dependent limits.


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BANERJEE 2020A look for axions produced from high-energy bremsstrahlung photons  through the  Primakoff effect with the electric field of the target nuclei. They exclude G(A gamma gamma)=  2E-4 -- 5E-2 GeV**-1 for mass(A0) < 55 MeV. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent  limits.


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BUEHLER 2020 look for the gamma-ray transparency due to axion-photon oscillations using  high-energy photon events from 79 sources in the Second Fermi-LAT Catalog of High-Energy Sources.  The quoted limit is for the intergalactic magnetic field strength and coherence length of  B = 1 nG and s = 1 Mpc. See their Figs. 4 and 5 for mass-dependent limits and for  different magnetic-field parameters.


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CALORE 2020 use the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background measured by the Fermi-LAT to  constrain the gamma-ray flux converted in the Galactic magnetic field from axions produced from  past core-collapse supernovae. They also derive a limit on a heavier axion with mass(A0) ~>  keV decaying into two photons of G(A gamma gamma) ~< 5E-11 GeV**-1  for mass(A0) = 5 keV.  See their Figs. 5 and 7 for the limits as well as limits in the presence of  axion-nucleon couplings.


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CARENZA 2020 extend the globular cluster bound of AYALA 2014  to heavier masses  (mass(A0) <= a few 100 keV) by taking account of the coalescence process gamma + gamma --> A0 as  well as the decay of the ALP inside the stellar core. See their Fig.4 for mass-dependent limits.


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DENT 2020A is analogous to GAO 2020. The quoted limit is from their arXiv:2006.15118v3  (v2 is their published version), using the relativistic Hartree-Fock form factor. The limit is  up to two times weaker than the published one. See Fig. 4 in their arXiv version 3 for the  correlation between G(A gamma gamma) and g(A e e) corresponding  to the excess reported in APRILE 2020.


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DEPTA 2020 correct the underestimated D abundance in MILLEA 2015, and derive  robust cosmological bounds by allowing the reheating temperature, N(eff), and  neutrino chemical potential to vary. See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


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DESSERT 2020A use the NuSTAR data of the Quintuplet and Westerlund 1 super star clusters to  look for X-rays converted in the Galactic magnetic field from the axions produced in stellar cores.  See their Fig. 3 for the mass-dependent limits.


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ESTEBAN 2020 show that the two anomalous ANITA events can be explained by the reflected radio  pulses that are resonantly produced in the ionosphere via axion-photon conversion for mass(A0)  ~< 1E-7 eV , if an axion clump passes the Earth about once a month. See their Fig.5 for  the region consistent with this interpretation for different values of the axion density inside the  clumps.


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GAO 2020 correct the limit of APRILE 2020 by including inverse Primakoff scattering in  the XENON1T detector. The quoted limit is from their arXiv:2006.14598v4 (v3 is their published  version), taking account of the atomic form factor of Xe as pointed out in ABE 2020J. The  limit is weaker by a factor of 1.5 -- 2 than the published one. See Fig. 3 in their arXiv  version 4 for correlation between G(A gamma gamma) and g(A e e)  corresponding to the excess reported in APRILE 2020.


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KOROCHKIN 2020 assume the axion makes up all dark matter, and look for a dip in the observed  gamma-ray spectrum of the blazer 1ES 1218+304 by Fermi/LAT and VERITAS due to the extragalactic  background light produced by the axion decay. Their analysis favors nonzero axion-induced  absorption with G(A gamma gamma) = 3E-11 -- 2E-10 GeV**-1 over a range  of mass(A0) = 2 -- 18 eV. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits between 0.25 <  mass(A0) < 25 eV.


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LUCENTE 2020A study the SN 1987A energy-loss argument on the axion-like particle production.  In addition to the Primakoff process, they take account of photon coalescence as well as  gravitational trapping that become relevant at mass(A0) > 100 MeV. See their Fig. 12 for the  mass-dependent limit.


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MEYER 2020 look for prompt gamma-rays converted in the Galactic magnetic fields from  axions produced via the Primakoff process in a sample of 20 extragalactic core-collapse supernovae.  The limits assume a progenitor mass of 10 times the solar mass and certain models for the optical  emission and the galactic magnetic field. See their Figs. 2 and 6 in the erratum for mass- and  model-dependent limits.


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YAMAMOTO 2020 look for X-ray photons converted by the Earth's magnetic field from the axions  produced by the two-body decay of dark matter, and set the limits by using the Suzaku data. The  quoted limit is for the monochromatic X-ray line from the galactic dark matter with lifetime  tau = 4.32E17 sec. They also derive limits on the continuum spectrum from the  extragalactic component. See their Fig. 7 for the limits.


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ALONI 2019 used the data collected by the PRIMEX experiment to derive a limit based on a  data-driven method. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


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CAPUTO 2019 look for an oscillating variation of the polarization angle of the pulsar  J0437-4715, where they assume the local axion energy density rho_{{A}} = 0.3 GeV/cm**3. See  their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits for 5E-24 eV <= mass(A0) <= 2E-19 eV.


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FEDDERKE 2019 look for a uniform reduction of the CMB polarization at large scales, which is  induced by the oscillating axion background during CMB decoupling. The quoted limit is based on the  assumption that axions make up all of the dark matter. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits  for mass(A0) = E-22 -- E-19 eV.


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IVANOV 2019 look for the axion-induced periodic changes in the polarization angle of  parsec-scale jets in active galactic nuclei observed by the MOJAVE program, where they use the  axion energy density rho_{{A}} = 20 GeV/cm**3.  See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits for  5E-23 eV <= mass(A0) <= 1.2E-21 eV.


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LIANG 2019 look for spectral irregularities in the spectrum of 10 bright H.E.S.S. sources in  the Galactic plane, assuming photon-ALP mixing in the Galactic magnetic fields. See their Fig. 2  for mass-dependent limits with different Galactic magnetic field models.


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FORTIN 2018 studied the conversion of axion-like particles produced in the core of a magnetar  to hard X-rays in the magnetosphere. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits with different  values of the magnetar core temperature.


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JAECKEL 2018 study axions produced through the Primakoff process from SN 1987A, which  subsequently decay into photon pairs. See their Fig. 1  for the mass-dependent limits in the range  of mass(A0) = 0.01 -- 100 MeV.


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YAMAJI 2018 search for axions with an x-ray LSW at Spring-8, using the Laue-case conversion  in a silicon crystal. They also obtain G(A gamma gamma) < 4.2E-3  GeV**-1 for mass(A0) < 10 eV. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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ZHANG 2018 look for spectral irregularities in the spectrum of PKS 2155-304 measured by Fermi  LAT, assuming photon-ALP mixing in the intercluster and Galactic magnetic fields. See their Figs. 2  and 3 for mass-dependent limits with different values of the intercluster magnetic field parameters.


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ADE 2017 look for cosmic birefringence from axion-like particles using CMB polarization data  taken by the BICEP2 and Keck Array experiments. They set a limit G(A gamma gamma)H(I)  < 7.2E-2 at 95 %CL for mass(A0) < E-28 eV, where H(I) is  the Hubble parameter during inflation.


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ANASTASSOPOULOS 2017 looked for solar axions by the CAST axion helioscope in the vacuum  phase, and supersedes ANDRIAMONJE 2007.


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DOLAN 2017 update existing limits on G(A gamma gamma) for axion-like  particles. The limits from the proton beam dump experiments in their Fig. 2 contained an error, and  the corrected version is shown in Fig. 1 of DOLAN 2021.


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INADA 2017 search for axions with an x-ray LSW at Spring-8. See their Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


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KOHRI 2017 attributed to axion-photon oscillations the excess of cosmic infrared background  observed by the CIBER experiment. See their Fig. 5 for the region preferred by their scenario.


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MARSH 2017 is similar to WOUTERS 2013, using Chandra observations of M87. See their  Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


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TIWARI 2017 use observed limits of the cosmic distance-duality relation to constrain the  photon-ALP mixing based on 3D simulations of the magnetic field configuration. The quoted value is  for the averaged magnetic field of 1nG with a coherent length of 1 Mpc. See their Fig. 5 for  mass-dependent limits.


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AJELLO 2016 look for irregularities in the energy spectrum of the NGC1275 measured by Fermi   LAT, assuming photon-ALP mixing in  the intra-cluster and Galactic magnetic fields. See their Fig.  2  for mass-dependent limits.


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DELLA-VALLE 2016 look for the birefringence induced by axion-like particles. See their Fig. 14 for mass-dependent limits.


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DELLA-VALLE 2016 look for the dichroism induced by axion-like particles. See their Fig. 14 for mass-dependent limits.


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JAECKEL 2016 use the LEP data of  and  to constrain the ALP  production via e+ e- --> Z --> A0  gamma (A0 --> gamma gamma), assuming the ALP coupling  with two hypercharge bosons. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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LEEFER 2016 derived limits by using radio-frequency spectroscopy of dysprosium and atomic  clock measurements. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits as well as limits on Yukawa-type  couplings of the scalar to the electron and nucleons.


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ANASTASSOPOULOS 2015 search for solar chameleons with CAST and derived limits on the chameleon coupling to photons and matter. See their Fig. 12 for the exclusion region.


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ARIK 2015 is analogous to ARIK 2009, and search for solar axions for mass(A0) around  0.2 and 0.4 eV.  See their Figs. 1 and 3 for the mass-dependent limits.


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Based on OSQAR photon regeneration experiment.  See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits on  scalar and pseudoscalar bosons.


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BRAX 2015 derived limits on conformal and disformal couplings of a scalar to photons by searching for a chaotic absorption pattern in the X-ray and UV bands of the Hydra A galaxy  cluster and a BL lac object, respectively. See their Fig. 8.


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HASEBE 2015  look for an axion via a four-wave mixing process at quasi-parallel colliding  laser beams. They also derived limits on a  scalar coupling to photons G(S gamma gamma) < 2.62E-4 GeV**-1 at mass(S0) = 0.15 eV. See their  Figs. 11 and 12 for mass-dependent limits.


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MILLEA 2015 is similar to CADAMURO 2012, including the Planck data and the latest  inferences of primordial deuterium abundance. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


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VANTILBURG 2015 look for harmonic variations in the dyprosium transition frequency data,  induced by coherent oscillations of the fine-structure constant due to dilaton-like dark matter,  and set the limits, G(S gamma gamma) < 6E-27 GeV**-1 at  mass(S0) =  6E-23 eV. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits between 1E-24< mass(S0)<  1E-15 eV.


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VINYOLES 2015 performed a global fit analysis based on helioseismology and solar neutrino observations. See their Fig. 9.


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AYALA 2014 derived the limit from the helium-burning lifetime of horizontal-branch stars  based on number counts in globular clusters.


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DELLA-VALLE 2014 use the new PVLAS apparatus to set a limit on vacuum magnetic birefringence induced by axion-like particles. See their Fig. 6 for the mass-dependent limits.


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EJLLI 2014 set limits on a product of primordial magnetic field and the axion mass using CMB distortion induced by resonant axion production from CMB photons. See their Fig.1 for limits applying specifically to the DFSZ and KSVZ axion models.


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PUGNAT 2014 is analogous to EHRET 2010.  See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits on scalar and pseudoscalar bosons.


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REESMAN 2014 derive limits by requiring effects of axion-photon interconversion on gamma-ray  spectra from distant blazars to be no larger than errors in the  best-fit optical depth based on a  certain extragalactic background light model.  See their Fig. 5 for  mass-dependent limits.


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ABRAMOWSKI 2013A look for irregularities in the energy spectrum of the BL Lac object PKS 2155--304 measured by H.E.S.S.  The limits depend on assumed magnetic field around the source. See their Fig. 7 for mass-dependent limits.


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BETZ 2013 performed a microwave-based light shining through the wall experiment. See their Fig. 13 for mass-dependent limits.


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FRIEDLAND 2013 derived the limit by considering blue-loop suppression of the evolution of red giants with 7 -- 12 solar masses.


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MEYER 2013 attributed to axion-photon oscillations the observed excess of very high-energy gamma-rays with respect to predictions based on extragalactic background light models. See their Fig.4 for mass-dependent lower limits for various magnetic field configurations.


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WOUTERS 2013 look for irregularities in the X-ray spectrum of the Hydra cluster observed by  Chandra. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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CADAMURO 2012 derived cosmological limits on G(Agammagamma) for axion-like particles. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


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PAYEZ 2012 derive limits from polarization measurements of quasar light (see their Fig.3). The limits depend on assumed magnetic field strength in galaxy clusters. The limits depend on assumed magnetic field and electron density in the local galaxy supercluster.


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ARIK 2011 search for solar axions using He3 buffer gas in CAST, continuing from the He4 version of ARIK 2009. See Fig.2 for the exact mass-dependent limits.


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ALPS is a photon regeneration experiment. See their Fig.4 for mass-dependent limits on scalar and pseudoscalar bosons.


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ARIK 2009 is the He4 filling version of the CAST axion helioscope in analogy to INOUE 2002 and INOUE 2008. See their Fig.7 for mass-dependent limits.


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CHOU 2009 use the GammeV apparatus in the afterglow mode to search for chameleons, (pseudo)scalar bosons with a  mass depending on the environment. For pseudoscalars they exclude at 3sigma the range 2.6E-7 GeV**-1< G(Agammagamma)< 4.2E-6 GeV**-1 for vacuum mass(A0) roughly below 6 meV for density scaling index exceeding 0.8.


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GONDOLO 2009 use the all-flavor measured solar neutrino flux to constrain solar interior temperature and thus energy losses.


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LIPSS photon regeneration experiment, assuming scalar particle S^0(). See Fig.4 for mass-dependent limits.


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CHOU 2008 perform a variable-baseline photon regeneration experiment. See their Fig.3 for mass-dependent limits. Excludes the PVLAS result of ZAVATTINI 2006.


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INOUE 2008 is an extension of INOUE 2002 to larger axion masses, using the Tokyo axion helioscope. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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ZAVATTINI 2008 is an upgrade of ZAVATTINI 2006, see their Fig.8 for mass-dependent limits. They now exclude the parameter range where ZAVATTINI 2006 had seen a positive signature.


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ANDRIAMONJE 2007 looked for Primakoff conversion of solar axions in 9T superconducting magnet into X-rays.  Supersedes ZIOUTAS 2005.


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ROBILLIARD 2007 perform a photon regeneration experiment with a pulsed laser and pulsed magnetic  field. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits. Excludes the PVLAS result of ZAVATTINI 2006  with a CL exceeding 99.9%.


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ZAVATTINI 2006 propagate a laser beam in a magnetic field and observe dichroism and birefringence  effects that could be attributed to an axion-like particle. This result is now excluded by ROBILLIARD 2007, ZAVATTINI 2008, and CHOU 2008.


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MORALES 2002B looked for the coherent conversion of solar axions to photons via the Primakoff effect in Germanium detector.


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BERNABEI 2001B looked for Primakoff coherent conversion of solar axions into photons via Bragg scattering in NaI crystal in DAMA dark matter detector.


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ASTIER 2000B looked for production of axions from the interaction of high-energy photons with the horn magnetic field and their subsequent re-conversion to photons via the interaction with the NOMAD dipole magnetic field.


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MASSO 2000 studied limits on axion-proton coupling using the induced axion-photon coupling through the proton loop and CAMERON 1993 bound on the axion-photon coupling using optical rotation. They obtained the bound g(p)**2/4pi<1.7E-9 for the coupling g(p)pbargamma(5)pphi(A).


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AVIGNONE 1998 result is based on the coherent conversion of solar axions to photons via the Primakoff effect in a single crystal germanium detector.


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SEMERTZIDIS 1990 experiment is based on the proposal of MAIANI 1986. The limit is obtained by taking the noise amplitude as the upper limit.  Limits extend to mass(A0) = 4E-3 where G(A gamma gamma) < 1E-4 GeV**-1.


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AGOSTINI 2024A report a search for axion-like particle dark matter absorption and dark  Compton scattering on germanium, generating electron events in the GERDA experiment. The quoted  limit is at mass(A0) = 150 keV. See their Fig. 7 for mass-dependent limits.


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ARNQUIST 2024 use the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR to search for high-mass axion-like particle dark  matter absorption by Germanium. See Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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AALBERS 2023A  look for absorption of axion dark matter. The quoted limit is for mass(A0)  ~= 1.4 keV. The local density rho_{{A}} = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig. 7 for  mass-dependent limits.


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ADHIKARI 2023A look for absorption and Compton-like processes of axion dark matter. The   quoted  limit is for mass(A0) ~= 37 keV. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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AGNES 2023A look for absorption of axion dark matter. The quoted limit is for mass(A0)  ~= 0.25 keV. The local density rho_{{A}} = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig. 2 for  mass-dependent limits.


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APRILE 2023B look for an absorption signal of axions within +-500 seconds of the GW  signals, including the neutron star merger GW170817. They set a 90% CL upper limit on the  product of coincident fluence and cross section of axions to be less than E-29  cm**2/cm**2 in the recoil energy range of 5.5 -- 210 keV(ee).


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CAPOZZI 2023A search for axions produced in electromagnetic showers in proton beam dumps and  fixed target experiments. In this case, they reinterpret MiniBoone data. Quoted limit applies at 1  MeV. See Fig. 8 for mass-dependent limits.


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WADEKAR 2023 use the Leo T dwarf galaxy's interstellar medium to derive limits, requiring the  heating rate from axion dark matter absorption into hydrogen atoms and two-photon decay to be less  than the astrophysical cooling rate. See Fig. 2 for limits over mass(A0) = 1 -- 100 keV,  which loosen for lighter masses.


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APRILE 2022 extend APRILE 2019D to lower masses by removing the background of  ionization signals correlated with high-energy events.  The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) = 0.1  keV. See their Fig. 15 for mass-dependent limits.


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APRILE 2022B is an update of APRILE 2020, and set the limit, g(A e e)  ~< 9E-15 -- 3E-13. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) = 2 keV. They exclude the  XENON1T excess found in APRILE 2020. See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


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APRILE 2022B is an update of APRILE 2020. They exclude the XENON1T excess found in  APRILE 2020. The quoted limit holds for small G(A gamma gamma). See their  Fig. 6 for correlation between g(A e e) and G(A gamma gamma) .


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DESSERT 2022 is an update of DESSERT 2019. They used the Chandra observation of the    magnetic white dwarf RE J0317-853 to look for converted X-rays in the magnetosphere from axions    produced in the core through electron bremsstrahlung. They obtained the limit, g(A e e).G(A gamma gamma)    < 1.3E-25 GeV**-1 at 95% CL for mass(A0) ~< E-5 eV. See their Fig.   1  for mass-dependent limits.


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IKEDA 2022 look for magnons excited by dark matter axions, using data taken with a hybrid  quantum system consisting of a superconducting qubit and a spherical ferrimagnetic crystal. The  quoted limit assumes the local dark matter density rho_{{A}} = 0.45 GeV/cm**3 and the velocity  v = 220 km/sec. See their Fig. 4 for the limits.


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LANGHOFF 2022 set limits by considering the freeze-in production of axions coupled to  electrons without anomalous coupling to photons. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) = 15 MeV for  the reheating temperature equal to 5 MeV. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


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WANG 2022C use the spin-amplifier based on hyperpolarized Xe129 to set limits on  the product of the axion couplings to electrons and nucleons as g(A e e)  g(A n n) < 4E2 (95 % CL) at mass(A0) = 0.1 meV. Here  g(A n n) is the dimensionless axion-neutron coupling. See their Fig. 4 for the  mass-dependent limits.


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XIAO 2022 extend XIAO 2021 in the list of photon coupling limits by including the  production of axions from Compton and bremsstrahlung processes, and set limits on the product of  the axion couplings to electrons and photons as G(A gamma gamma)  g(A e e) < 0.4 -- 2.8E-24 GeV**-1 (95 % CL) for mass(A0)  < 3.5E-11eV. See their Fig. 5 for the limits. They are comparable to those of  DESSERT 2019 and more restrictive than the CAST bounds of BARTH 2013.


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CALORE 2021 consider the production of axions from Galactic and extragalactic SNe via  nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung and their subsequent decay into electron-positron pairs, and exclude  the range of g(A e e) ~= E-19 -- E-11  at g(A p p) =  E-9 for mass(A0) = 3 -- 30 MeV. See their Fig. 7 for the limits.


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LUCENTE 2021 study the axion production in a supernova via electron-proton bremsstrahlung and  electron-positron fusion, and exclude the range of g(A e e) ~= 2E-9 -- 5.5E-7  for masses less than 1 MeV. See their Fig. 12 for the mass-dependent limits extending up to 150  MeV. This limit was corrected in the erratum.


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AGOSTINI 2020 is analogous to AHMED 2009A. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) = 150  keV. Their limits in their Fig. 3 were later found to be incorrect due to an error of their Eqs.  (1) and (2). See Fig. 3 in AGOSTINI 2022A for the corrected limits.


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AMARAL 2020 use a second-generation SuperCDMS high-voltage eV-resolution detector to set   limits on dark-matter axion absorption. The quoted limit is for mass(A0) ~= 17 eV. The  local  density rho_{{A}} = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig. 3 for  mass-dependent  limits.


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APRILE 2020 is an update of APRILE 2017B where they look for an absorption signal of  axion dark matter. They obtained the limit, g(A e e)  ~< 2E-14 -- 1E-12 at  90%CL for mass(A0) = 1 -- 200 keV. They also found an excess over known backgrounds,  which favors the mass mass(A0) = 2.3+-0.2 keV with a 3 sigma significance. See their  Fig. 10 for mass-dependent limits.


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APRILE 2020 look for solar axions from the ABC interactions, the Primakoff conversion, and  the 14.4 keV M1 transition of Fe57, and set limits on g(A e e ),  G(A gamma gamma), g(A N N), and their products. An excess is  observed at low energies between 2 and 3 keV. See their Fig.8 for correlation between the  couplings. The quoted limit applies to the case of vanishing G(A gamma gamma) and  g(A N N).


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ARALIS 2020 is analogous to AHMED 2009A. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) = 0.3  keV. The limits at masses above 3 keV in their Fig. 9 was later found to be incorrect due to an  error in their analysis. See Fig. 2 in erratum for the corrected limits.


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CAPOZZI 2020 obtains a limit on the axion-electron coupling from the brightness of the tip of  the red-giant branch in omega Centauri. A similar limit of < 1.6E-13 is obtained  in NGC 4258.


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CRESCINI 2020 is an update of CRESCINI 2018. They assume a local axion dark matter  density, rho_{{A}} = 0.3 GeV/cm**3. See their Fig.4 for the limits.


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GHOSH 2020A study thermal production of axion via coupling to leptons in the early universe  and estimate its contribution to DeltaN(eff). The quoted limit is for  DeltaN(eff) < 0.5. See their Fig. 7 for their mass-dependent  limits.


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STRANIERO 2020 is analogous to CAPOZZI 2020, with 22 galactic globular clusters used to  derive the limit.


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WANG 2020A is an update of LIU 2017A. They assume a local axion dark matter density,  rho_{{A}} = 0.3 GeV/cm**3. See their Fig. 10 for limits between 0.185 < mass(A0) <  10 keV.


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APRILE 2019D is analogous to APRILE 2017B, but they use only ionization signals. The  quoted limit applies to mass(A0) = 0.7 keV. See their Fig. 5(e) for mass-dependent limits.


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DESSERT 2019 used the Suzaku observations of a magnetic white dwarf (RE J0317-853) to look  for X-ray signatures converted from axions in the surrounding magnetic fields. They obtained the  limit, g(A e e).G(A gamma gamma) < 1.6E-24  GeV**-1 at 95%CL for mass(A0) ~< E-5 eV. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent  limits.


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TERRANO 2019 look for the axion-induced oscillating magnetic field acting on the electron  spin, using data taken with a rotating torsion pendulum containing polarized electrons. The quoted  limit applies to mass(A0) = E-23 -- E-18 eV  and assumes a local axion dark matter density,  rho_{{A}} = 0.45 GeV/cm**3. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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ABE 2018F is an update of ABE 2014F. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) = 60 keV.  See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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ARMENGAUD 2018 is analogous to AHMED 2009A. See the left panel of Fig. 5 for  mass-dependent limits.


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CRESCINI 2018 look for collective excitations of the electron spins caused by dark matter  axions. The quoted limit assumes the local dark matter density, rho_{{A}} = 0.45 GeV/cm**3.


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FICEK 2018 use the measurements of the hyperfine structure of antiprotonic helium to  constrain a dipole-dipole potential between electron and antiproton. See their Fig. 3 for limits on  various spin- and velocity-dependent potentials.


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ABGRALL 2017 is analogous to AHMED 2009A using the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR. See their  Fig. 2 for limits between 6 keV < mass(A0) < 97 keV.


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APRILE 2017B is analogous to AHMED 2009A. They found a bug in their code and needed to  correct the limits in Fig. 7 of APRILE 2014B. See their Fig. 1 for the corrected limits  between 1 keV < mass(A0) < 40 keV.


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FICEK 2017 look for spin-dependent interactions between electrons by comparing precision  spectroscopic measurements in He4 with theoretical calculations. See their Fig. 1 for  limits up to mass(A0) = 10 keV.


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LIU 2017A is analogous to AHMED 2009A. See their Fig. 9 for limits between 0.25 keV  < mass(A0) < 20 keV.


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LIU 2017A look for solar axions produced from Compton, bremsstrahlung, atomic-recombination  and deexcitation channels, and set a limit for mass(A0) < 1 keV.


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LUO 2017 use a recent measurement of the dipole-dipole interaction between two iron atoms at  the nanometer scale and set a limit for mass(A0) < 1 keV. See their Fig. 3 for  mass-dependent limits.


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CORSICO 2016 studied the cooling rate of the pulsating DA white dwarf L19-2 based on an  asteroseismic model.


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YOON 2016 look for solar axions with the axio-electric effect in  CsI(Tl) crystals and set a limit for mass(A0) < 1 keV.


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TERRANO 2015 used a torsion pendulum and rotating attractor with 20-pole electron-spin  distributions. See their Fig. 4 for a mass-dependent limit up to mass(A0) = 500 mueV.


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text:
ABE 2014F set limits on the axioelectric effect in the XMASS detector assuming the pseudoscalar constitutes all the local dark matter. See their Fig. 3 for limits between  mass(A0) = 40 -- 120 keV.


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APRILE 2014B is analogous to AHMED 2009A. Their Fig. 7 was later found to be incorrect  due to a bug in their code. See Fig. 1 in APRILE 2017B for the corrected limits.


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text:
DERBIN 2014 is an update of DERBIN 2013 with a BGO scintillating bolometer. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


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MILLER-BERTOLAMI 2014 studied the impact of axion emission on white dwarf cooling in a self-consistent way.


pdgid: S029AEC
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ARMENGAUD 2013 is similar to AALSETH 2011. See their Fig. 10 for limits between 3 keV < mass(A0)< 100 keV.


pdgid: S029AEC
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ARMENGAUD 2013 is similar to DERBIN 2012, and take account of axio-recombination and axio-deexcitation effects. See their Fig. 12 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
BARTH 2013 search for solar axions produced by axion-electron coupling, and obtained the limit, g(A e e).G(A gamma gamma)< 8.1E-23 GeV**-1  at 95%CL.


pdgid: S029AEC
text:
DERBIN 2013 looked for 5.5 MeV solar axions produced in p d -->He3 A0 in a BGO detector through the axioelectric effect. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
HECKEL 2013 studied the influence of 2 or 4 stationary sources each containing 6.0E24 polarized electrons, on a rotating torsion pendulum containing 9.8E24 polarized electrons. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
VIAUX 2013A constrain axion emission using the observed brightness of the tip of the red-giant branch in the globular cluster M5.


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CORSICO 2012 attributed the excessive cooling rate of the pulsating white dwarf R548 to emission of axions with g(Aee) ~= 4.8E-13.


pdgid: S029AEC
text:
DERBIN 2012 look for solar axions with the axio-electric effect in a Si(Li) detector. The solar production is based on Compton and bremsstrahlung processes.


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AHMED 2009A assume keV-mass pseudoscalars are the local dark matter and constrain the axio-electric effect in the CDMS detector. See their Fig.5 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
These experiments measured induced magnetization of a bulk material by the spin-dependent potential generated from other bulk material with aligned electron spins, where the magnetic field is shielded with superconductor. The sign of the limit set by CHUI 1993 is opposite to that of the axion-mediated  dipole-dipole potential.


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These experiments used a torsion pendulum to measure the potential between two bulk matter objects where the spins are polarized but without a net magnetic field in either of them. The limits reflect the corrected  sign of the dipole-dipole potential.


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WINELAND 1991 looked for an effect of bulk matter with aligned electron spins on atomic hyperfine splitting using nuclear magnetic resonance.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
LELLA 2024 update constraints on the axion-proton coupling from supernova 1987A based on the  SN cooling argument (including a treatment of the trapping regime) as well as the non-observation  of any coincident axion-induced events in the Kamiokande II neutrino detector. They exclude QCD  axion models above 0.01 eV, and axion-like particles in a window that extends up to 300 MeV. See  their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
SU 2024 search for an axion-mediated dipole-dipole force between two separated spin-polarized  samples of Xe129 gas. They set limits on the axion-neutron coupling for axion masses  between 3.2 and 24.3 mueV. See their Fig. 4(b) for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
KARANTH 2023 utilized an in-plane polarized deuteron beam in a storage ring to constrain the   axion-induced oscillating EDM of the deuteron for mass(A0) = 0.496 -- 0.502 neV. Assuming   axions account for all dark matter with rho_{{A}} ~= 0.55 GeV/cm**3, they derived   constraints on axion couplings to the deuteron EDM operator, gluons, and the deuteron spin. For   detailed limits, see their Figs. 19 -- 21.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
LEE 2023 analyzed data from a K-He3 comagnetometer, accounting  for stochastic effects, to limit the axion-neutron coupling g(A n n) <  2.4E-10 GeV**-1 at 95% CL for mass(A0) = 0.4 -- 4 feV. They assumed axions  form all dark matter with a density of 0.3 GeV/cm**3. See their Fig. 5 for the limits.


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text:
BUSCHMANN 2022 studied the axion emission from five neutron stars with ages ~   E5 -- E6 years, comparing the simulation with axions to age and luminosity measurements.  The mass bound assumes the KSVZ axion model with C(p) = -0.47 and C(n) = -0.02. See  their Fig. 3 for the limits on the DFSZ axion model.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
GAVRILYUK 2022 look for solar axions from the ABC interactions with the experimental setup  similar to GAVRILYUK 2015. The mass bound assumes the KSVZ axion model, S = 0.5, and  mass(u)/mass(d) = 0.56.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
SCHULTHESS 2022 look for a time-oscillating neutron EDM caused by the coupling between axion  dark matter and gluons, using a Ramsey-type apparatus for a cold neutron beam. See their Fig. 4 for  limits in the range of mass(A0) = E-19 -- 4E-12 eV.


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text:
AYBAS 2021 limits the axion couplings to the nucleon EDM and the nucleons as  g(A N gamma) < 9.5E-4 GeV**-2 and g(A N N)/2mass(N) <  0.28 GeV**-1 (95 % CL) for mass(A0) = 162 -- 166 neV, based on a measurement of  Pb207 solid-state NMR in a polarized ferroelecrtric crystal. Here mass(N) is the  nucleon mass and g(A N N) is the dimensionless axion-nucleon coupling. They assume  that axions make up all the dark matter with rho_{{A}} ~= 0.46 GeV/cm**3. See their Fig.  3 for the limits.


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text:
BHUSAL 2021 looked for 5.5 MeV solar axions produced by p d --> He3A0  through the axion-induced dissociation of deuterons by using SNO data, and set a limit on the  isovector axion-nucleon coupling, |g**3(aN)| < 2E-5 GeV**-1,  which is equivalent to |g(A n n) - g(A p p)| < 4E-5  in terms of the dimensionless axion-nucleon couplings.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
JIANG 2021 use the spin-amplifier based on hyperpolarized Xe129 gas to set limits  on the axion couplings to nucleons as g(A N N)/2mass(N) < 3.2E-9  GeV**-1 (95 % CL) at mass(A0) = 52.94 feV, and comparable limits in the mass range of  8.3 -- 744 feV. Here mass(N) is the nucleon mass and g(A N N) is the  dimensionless axion-nucleon coupling. They assume that axions make up all the dark matter with  rho_{{A}} ~= 0.4 GeV/cm**3. See their Fig. 4b for the limits.


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text:
ROUSSY 2021 look for a time-oscillating EDM of molecular ions HfF**+ induced  by axion dark matter couplings to gluons. See their Fig. 3 for limits in the range of mass(A0) =  E-22 -- E-15 eV.


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text:
ZHANG 2021B use the gravitational waves from the binary neutron star inspiral GW170817 to   look for a type of axion whose mass is suppressed due to cancellation with additional   contributions. They exclude 1.6E16 < f(A) < E18 GeV at 3   sigma for mass(A0) ~< E-13 eV. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
ABDELHAMEED 2020 look for the resonant excitation of Tm169 (8.41 keV) by solar  axions produced via the Primakoff effect. The mass bound assumes the KSVZ axion model, S =  0.5, and mass(u)/mass(d) = 0.56. They set a limit on the product of axion couplings to photons  and nucleons as G(A gamma gamma) . g(A p p) <  1.44E-14 GeV**-1 (90 % CL).


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
ABDELHAMEED 2020 look for the resonant excitation of Tm169 (8.41 keV) by solar  axions produced via the axion-electron coupling. They set a limit on the product of axion couplings  to electrons and nucleons as g(A e e ) . g(A p p)  < 2.81E-16 (90 % CL).


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
APRILE 2020 look for solar axions from the ABC interactions, the Primakoff conversion, and  the 14.4 keV M1 transition of Fe57. An excess is observed at low energies between  2 and  3 keV. See their Fig.8 for correlation between the couplings.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
KLIMCHITSKAYA 2020 use the measurement of the Casimir force between a Au-coated  microsphere and a SiC plate to constrain the force due to two-axion exchange  for 17.8 < mass(A0) < 100 eV. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
WANG 2020A is an update of LIU 2017A. The limit assumes the DFSZ axion. See their Fig.  7 for the limit on product of axion couplings to electrons and nucleons.


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text:
LEINSON 2019 is analogous to BEZNOGOV 2018, but estimating the axion luminosity based  on the Tolman's analytic solution to the Einstein equations of spherical fluids in hydrostatic  equilibrium. The dimensionless axion-neutron coupling is constrained as g(Ann) <  1.0E-10.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
LLOYD 2019 is analogous to BERENJI 2016. They highlight that the limit obtained with  this technique strongly depends on the assumed NS core temperature.


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text:
SMORRA 2019 look for spin-precession effects from ultra-light axion dark matter in the  pbar spin-flip resonance data. Assuming  rho_{{A}} = 0.4 GeV/cm**3, they constrain the  dimensionless axion-antiproton coupling as g(A pbar pbar) < 2 -- 9  at 95% CL for mass(A0) = 2E-23 -- 4E-17 eV. See the right panel of their Fig. 3.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
WU 2019 look for axion-induced time-oscillating features of the NMR spectrum of  acetonitrile-2-C13. Assuming C(p) = C(n) and rho_{{A}} = 0.4 GeV/cm**3, they  constrain the dimensionless axion-nucleon coupling as g_{{ANN}} < 6E-5 for mass(A0) =  E-21 -- 1.3E-17 eV. Note that the limits for mass(A0) < E-21 eV in their Fig.  3(a) should be weaker than those for heavier masses. See ADELBERGER 2019 and WU 2019C  on this issue.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
ARMENGAUD 2018 is analogous to ALESSANDRIA 2013. The quoted limit assumes the DFSZ  axion model. See their Fig. 4 for the limit on product of axion couplings to electrons and nucleons.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
BEZNOGOV 2018 constrain the axion-neutron coupling by assuming that thermal evolution of the  hot neutron star HESS J1731-347 is dominated by the lowest possible neutrino emission. The quoted  limit assumes the KSVZ axion with the effective Peccei-Quinn charge of the neutron C(n) =  -0.02. The dimensionless axion-neutron couling  is constrained as g(Ann) <  2.8E-10.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
GAVRILYUK 2018 look for the resonant excitation of Kr83 (9.4 keV) by solar axions  produced via the Primakoff effect. The mass bound assumes mass(u)/mass(d) = 0.56 and S =  0.5.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
HAMAGUCHI 2018 studied the axion emission from the neutron star in Cassiopeia A based on the  minimal cooling scenario which explains the observed rapid cooling rate. The quoted limit  corresponds to f(A) > 5E8 GeV obtained for the KSVZ axion with  C(p) =  -0.47 and C(n) = -0.02.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
ABEL 2017 look for a time-oscillating neutron EDM and an axion-wind spin-precession effect  respectively induced by axion dark matter couplings to gluons and nucleons. See their Fig. 4 for  limits in the range of mass(A0) = E-24 -- E-17 eV.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
ABGRALL 2017 limit assumes the hadronic axion model used in ALESSANDRIA 2013. See their  Fig. 4 for the limit on product of axion couplings to electrons and nucleons.


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text:
FU 2017A look for the 14.4 keV Fe57 solar axions. The limit assumes the DFSZ axion  model. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits on the axion-electron coupling. Notice that in this figure the DFSZ and KSVZ lines should be interchanged.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
KLIMCHITSKAYA 2017A use the differential measurement of the Casimir force between a  Ni-coated sphere and Au and Ni sectors of the structured disc  to  constrain the axion coupling to nucleons for 2.61 meV < mass(A0) < 0.9 eV. See  their Figs. 1 and 2 for mass dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
LIU 2017 is analogous to ALESSANDRIA 2013. The limit assumes the hadronic axion model.  See their Fig. 6(b) for the limit on product of axion couplings to electrons and nucleons.


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text:
BERENJI 2016 used the Fermi LAT observations of neutron stars to look for photons from axion  decay. They assume the effective Peccei-Quinn charge of the neutron C(n) = 0.1 and a  neutron-star core temperature of 20 MeV.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
GAVRILYUK 2015 look for solar axions emitted by the M1 transition of Kr83 (9.4 keV). The mass bound assumes mass(u)/mass(d) = 0.56 and S = 0.5.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
KLIMCHITSKAYA 2015 use the measurement of differential forces between  a test mass and   rotating source masses of Au and Si to constrain the force due to two-axion   exchange for 1.7E-3 < mass(A0) < 0.9 eV. See their Figs. 1 and 2 for mass  dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
BEZERRA 2014 use the measurement of the thermal Casimir-Polder force between a Bose-Einstein condensate of Rb87 atoms and a SiO(2) plate to constrain  the force mediated by exchange of two pseudoscalars for 0.1 meV < mass(A0)< 0.3 eV. See their Fig. 2 for the mass-dependent limit on pseudoscalar coupling to nucleons.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
BEZERRA 2014A is analogous to BEZERRA 2014. They use the measurement of the Casimir pressure between two Au-coated plates to constrain pseudoscalar coupling to nucleons for 1E-3 eV < mass(A0)< 15 eV. See their Figs. 1 and 2 for the mass-dependent limit.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
BEZERRA 2014B is analogous to BEZERRA 2014. BEZERRA 2014B use the measurement of the normal and lateral Casimir forces between sinusoidally corrugated surfaces of a sphere and a plate to constrain pseudoscalar coupling to nucleons for 1 eV < mass(A0) < 20 eV. See their Figs. 1 -- 3 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
BEZERRA 2014C is analogous to BEZERRA 2014. They use the measurement of the gradient of the Casimir force between Au- and Ni-coated surfaces of a sphere and a plate to constrain pseudoscalar coupling to nucleons for 3E-5 eV < mass(A_{{0}}()) < 1 eV. See their Figs. 1, 3, and 4 for the mass-dependent limits.


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text:
BLUM 2014 studied effects of an oscillating strong CP phase induced by axion dark matter on the primordial He4 abundance. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
LEINSON 2014 attributes the excessive cooling rate of the neutron star in Cassiopeia A to axion emission from the superfluid core, and found C(n)**2 mass**2(A0) ~= 5.7E-6 eV**2, where C(n) is the effective Peccei-Quinn charge of the neutron.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
ALESSANDRIA 2013 used the CUORE experiment to look for 14.4 keV solar axions produced from the M1 transition of thermally excited Fe57 nuclei in the solar core, using the axio-electric effect. The limit assumes the hadronic axion model. See their Fig. 4 for the limit on product of axion couplings to electrons and nucleons.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
ARMENGAUD 2013 is analogous to ALESSANDRIA 2013. The limit assumes the hadronic axion model. See their Fig. 8 for the limit on product of axion couplings to electrons and nucleons.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
BELLI 2012 looked for solar axions emitted by the M1 transition of Li7*** (478 keV) after the electron capture of Be7, using the resonant excitation Li7 in the LiF crystal. The mass bound assumes mass(u)/mass(d) = 0.55, mass(u)/mass(s) = 0.029, and the flavor-singlet axial vector matrix element S = 0.4.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
BELLINI 2012B looked for 5.5 MeV solar axions produced in the p d --> He3  A0.The limit assumes the hadronic axion model. See their Figs. 6 and 7 for mass-dependent  limits on productsof axion couplings to photons, electrons, and nucleons.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
DERBIN 2011 looked for solar axions emitted by the M1 transition of thermally excited Fe57 nuclei in the Sun, using their possible resonant capture on Fe57 in the laboratory. The mass bound assumes mass(u)/mass(d) = 0.56 and the flavor-singlet axial vector matrix element S = 3F-D ~= 0.5.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
BELLINI 2008 consider solar axions emitted in the M1 transition of Li7*** (478 keV)  and look for a peak at 478 keV in the energy spectra of the Counting Test Facility (CTF), a Borexino prototype. For mass(A0) < 450 keV they find mass-dependent limits on products of axion couplings  to photons, electrons, and nucleons.


pdgid: S029IAN
text:
ADELBERGER 2007 use precision tests of Newton's law to constrain a force contribution from  the exchange of two pseudoscalars. See their Fig. 5 for limits on the pseudoscalar coupling to nucleons,  relevant for mass(A0) below about 1 meV.


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text:
AYRES 2023 at PSI use their neutron EDM setup to look for a mm to micron-range spin-dependent  force between ultracold spin-polarized neutrons stored in vacuum and the unpolarised nucleons in  the surrounding apparatus. They constrain a nucleon-neutron monopole-dipole interaction  parameterised by the coupling g_s^N g_p^n. They set a limit of g_{{s}}^Ng_{{p}}^n <  E-20 (95% CL) for a 1 meV mass axion, see Fig. 6.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
PODDAR 2023 search for long-range monopole-dipole forces between the polarized population of  electrons inside the Earth and the unpolarised nucleons in the Sun, which would affect the  precession of orbital perihelion. However, the most competitive limit is obtained by combining the  monopole-monopole force constraints on g^N_s from planetary precession with the strongest  stellar bound on the pseudoscalar electron coupling (g^e_p), shown in Fig. 5.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
ZHANG 2023 look for changes of the ratio of precession frequencies between Xe129  and Xe131 as the bias field is flipped in Earth's gravitational field after Earth  roation effect is subtracted. They find g_{{p}}^ng_{{s}}^N < 1E-26 -- 3.7E-36 for  lambda = 0.3 -- 1E10 m. See their Fig. 4 for limits as a function of lambda.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
CRESCINI 2022 is an update of CRESCINI 2017, and find  g_{{p}}^eg_{{s}}^N <=   5.7E-32 and g_{{p}}^eg_{{s}}^e <= 1.6E-31 for lambda ~>  10 cm at   95% CL. See their Fig. 4 for limits as a function of lambda.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
FENG 2022 look for changes of the ratio of precession frequencies between Xe129    and Xe131 when a BGO crystal is positioned near the atomic cell. They find   g_{{p}}^ng_{{s}}^N <  2E-20 -- 3E-24 for lambda = 0.11 -- 0.55 mm. See   their Fig. 4 for limits as a function of lambda.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
AFACH 2021 look for axion domain walls coupled to atomic spins by using the global network of   optical magnetometers. Assuming that the axion domain walls make up all dark matter, they exclude   the effective decay constant below 4E5 GeV  for mass(A0) in the range of E-15 -- E-11   eV. See their Fig. 4 for the mass-dependent  limits.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
DZUBA 2018 used atomic EDM measurements to derive limits on the product of the pseudoscalar  coupling to nucleon and the scalar coupling to electron, which improved on the laboratory bounds  for mass(A0) > 0.01 eV. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
STADNIK 2018 used atomic and molecular EDM experiments to derive limits on the product of the  pseudoscalar couplings to electron and  the scalar coupling to nucleon and electron. See their Fig.  2 for mass-dependent limits, which improved on the laboratory bounds for mass(A0) > 0.01 eV.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
CRESCINI 2017 use the QUAX-g_{{p}}g_{{s}} experiment to look for variation of a paramagnetic  GSO crystal magnetization when rotating lead disks are positioned near the crystal, and find  g =  g_{{p}}^eg_{{s}}^N < 4.3E-30 for lambda = 0.1 -- 0.2 m at  95% CL. See their Fig. 6 for limits as a function of lambda.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
AFACH 2015 look for a change of spin precession frequency of ultracold neutrons when a  magnetic field with opposite directions is applied, and find g < 2.2E-27 (m/lambda)**2 at 95% CL for 1 mum  < lambda < 5 mm.  See their Fig.   3 for their limits.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
STADNIK 2015 studied proton and neutron spin contributions for nuclei and derive the limits  g < E-28 -- E-23 for lambda > 3E-4 m using the data of  TULLNEY 2013. See their Figs. 1 and 2 for lambda-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
TERRANO 2015 used a torsion pendulum and rotating attractor, and derived a restrictive limit  on  the product of the pseudoscalar coupling to electron and the scalar coupling to nucleons,   g < 9E-29 -- 5E-26  for mass(A0) < 1.5 -- 400 mueV. See  their Fig. 5 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
BULATOWICZ 2013 looked for NMR frequency shifts in polarized Xe129 and Xe131 when a zirconia rod is positioned near the NMR cell, and find g < 1E-19 -- 1E-24 for lambda = 0.01 -- 1 cm. See their Fig. 4 for their limits.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
CHU 2013 look for a shift of the spin precession frequency of polarized He3 in the presence  of an unpolarized mass, in analogy to YOUDIN 1996. See Fig.3 for limits on g in the approximate mass(A0) range 0.02 -- 2 meV.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
TULLNEY 2013 look for a shift of the precession frequency difference between the colocated He3 and Xe129 in the presence an unpolarized mass, and derive limits  g < 3E-29 -- 2E-22 for lambda > 3E-4 m. See their Fig. 3 for  lambda-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
RAFFELT 2012 show that the pseudoscalar couplings to electron and nucleon and the scalar coupling to nucleon are individually constrained by stellar energy-loss arguments and searches for anomalous monopole-monopole forces, together providing restrictive constraints on g. See their Figs. 2 and 3 for results.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
HOEDL 2011 use a novel torsion pendulum to study the force by the polarized electrons of an external magnet. In their Fig.3 they show restrictive limits on g in the approximate mass(A0) range 0.03 -- 10 meV.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
PETUKHOV  2010 use spin relaxation of polarized He3 and find g < 3E-23 (cm/lambda)**2 at 95% CL for the force range lambda = E-4 -- 1 cm.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
SEREBROV 2010 use spin precession of ultracold neutrons close to bulk matter and find g< 2E-21 (cm/lambda)**2 at 95% CL for the force range lambda = E-4 -- 1 cm.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
IGNATOVICH 2009 use data on depolarization of ultracold neutrons in material traps. They show lambda-dependent limits in their Fig. 1.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
SEREBROV 2009 uses data on depolarization of ultracold neutrons stored in material traps and finds g<2.96E-21 (cm/lambda)**2 for the force range lambda = E-3 -- 1 cm and  g<3.9E-22 (cm/lambda)**2 for lambda = E-4 -- E-3 cm,  each time at 95% CL, significantly improving on BAESSLER 2007.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
BAESSLER 2007 use the observation of quantum states of ultracold neutrons  in the Earth's gravitational field to constrain g for an interaction range 1 mum-a few mm. See their Fig.3 for results.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
HECKEL 2006 studied the influence of unpolarized bulk matter, including the laboratory's  surroundings or the Sun, on a torsion pendulum containing about 9E22 polarized electrons. See their Fig. 4 for limits on g as a function of interaction range.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
NI 1999 searched for a T-violating medium-range force acting on paramagnetic Tb F(3) salt.  See their Fig.1 for the result.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
POSPELOV 1998 studied the possible contribution of T-violating Medium-Range Force to the neutron electric dipole moment, which is possible when axion interactions violate CP.  The size of the force among nucleons must be smaller than gravity by a factor of 2E-10 (1cm/lambda(A)), where lambda(A)=hbar/mass(A)c.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
YOUDIN 1996 compared the precession frequencies of atomic Hg199 and Cs when a large mass is positioned near the cells, relative to an applied magnetic field.  See Fig.3 for their limits.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
RITTER 1993 studied the influence of bulk mass with polarized electrons on an unpolarized torsion pendulum, providing limits in the interaction range from 1 to 100 cm.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
VENEMA 1992 looked for an effect of Earth's gravity on nuclear spin-precession frequencies of Hg199 and Hg201 atoms.


pdgid: S029IAT
text:
WINELAND 1991 looked for an effect of bulk matter with aligned electron spins on atomic hyperfine resonances in stored Be9**+ ions using nuclear magnetic resonance.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AAD 2024AS search for hidden photons resulting from Higgs decays in the  Falkowski-Ruderman-Volansky-Zupan model. See Fig. 7 for mass-dependent limits, value shown taken  from the most constraining point at 10 GeV mass. The limits do not extend to arbitrarily high  values of the kinetic mixing, stopping between E-4 and E-7 at the lower and upper end of  the mass range respectively. The limit is also dependent on the branching fraction for Higgs decays  resulting in dark photons.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ABRATENKO 2024A search for dark trident scattering at a neutrino beam using the MicroBooNE  detector. Events involve a pair of particles chi chibar produced from pi0 or eta decays  mediated by a dark photon, these particles then scatter off Argon in the detector and can produce  an additional dark photon which then decays. See Fig. 7 for mass-dependent limits under three  possible scenarios for the chi particle.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ABREU 2024 look for hidden photons produced from the p p collision in the decay channel  gamma^' --> e+ e-, and exclude at 90% CL the region of chi = 4E-6 -- 2E-4  and mass(gamma^') = 10 -- 80 MeV, with the newly excluded region near the higher values of  chi. See their Fig. 7 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ADACHI 2024C follows KOTAKA 2023 of the DOSUE-RR collaboration, searching for hidden  photon dark matter conversion using a millimetre-wave receiver and a radioshielding box. See Fig.  11 for mass dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AGOSTINI 2024A report a search for dark photon dark matter absorption and dark Compton  scattering on germanium, generating electron events in the GERDA experiment. The quoted limit is at  mass(A0) = 150 keV. See their Fig. 7 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AGRAWAL 2024 search for hidden photon dark matter via stimulated emission of a photon from a  microwave cavity prepared in a non-classical state by a superconducting qubit.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ANDREEV 2024A perform a missing-energy search in the NA64 detector to look for an MeV-scale  hidden photon mediator to a stable fermionic dark sector particle. See Fig. 3 for mass-dependent  limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ANDREEV 2024E report results from the NA64mu beam dump experiment, employing a  high-intensity muon beam. They set limits on the kinetic mixing parameter of an invisibly decaying  hidden photon. See their Fig. 19 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ARAMBURO-GARCIA 2024 search for evidence of resonant conversion of regular photons into dark  photons within the inter-galactic medium using the expected imprint on the CMB anisotropies. Quoted  limit is for their "conservative" approach - see their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ARNQUIST 2024 use the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR to search for keV-mass hidden photon dark matter  absorption by Germanium. See Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
CERVANTES 2024 use a superconducting radio frequency cavity at the SQMS Centre (Fermilab) to  search for hidden photon dark matter at 1.3 GHz. See their Fig. 3 for limits in context.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
CORTINA-GIL 2024A report results from the NA62 beam dump experiment, searching for production  and decays of dark photons to lepton pairs. Quoted limit applies around 300 MeV, but does not  extend to arbitrarily high kinetic mixing. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
DOLAN 2024 constrain anomalous cooling of globular cluster stars due to the emission of  hidden photons. Best limit is taken from the envelope of limits from the R parameter, R2 parameter  and Tip of the Red Giant branch. This study includes hidden photon emission in stellar evolution  simulation and so supersedes red giant bound in AN 2020.


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text:
HE 2024 present results from the APEX collaboration. They look for hidden photon dark matter  using a radio frequency cavity at 7.139 GHz. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
KNIRCK 2024 search for hidden photon dark matter using GigaBREAD, a broadband haloscope  operating at room temperature that uses a parabolic reflector and a horn antenna. See their Fig. 4  for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
LEVINE 2024 search for hidden photon dark matter using Dark E-Field Radio, a broadband  haloscope consisting of an E-field antenna inside a shielded room. This is a continuation of their  experiment previously reported in GODFREY 2021. See their Fig. 12 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
LIU 2024 constrain hidden photon dark matter over a broad mass range using the very  high-energy gamma-ray spectrum of blazars Mrk 501 and Mrk 421. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent  limits which also depend on the density profiles of the host halos of the blazars. Quoted limit is  for the case where the host halos have an NFW profile in Fig. 6.


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text:
MCCARTHY 2024 search for evidence of photons converting into hidden photons as they traverse  large-scale structure, which would lead to a patchy-screening effect observable in CMB anisotropy  maps. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits. This analysis improves upon a similar study by  ARAMBURO-GARCIA 2024 - see the note added in MCCARTHY 2024.


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text:
TANG 2024 present results from a hidden photon dark matter search at 1.3 GHz with SHANHE, a  tunable superconducting radio frequency cavity. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
YAN 2024A use data from the JUNO probe to constrain hidden photons via the way they would  modify Jupiter's magnetic field. See their Fig. 7 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
AAD 2023BO look for rare decays of the Z boson, Z --> gamma^' + H^', with dark Higgs  decaying into a pair of hidden photons, assuming that at least two of the hidden photons decay into  e+ e- or mu+ mu-. The quoted limit assumes the hidden fine structure constant  alpha_{{D}}  = 0.1 and the dark Higgs mass ranging 20 to 70 GeV. See their Fig.5 for the mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AAD 2023I look for exotic decays of the SM-like Higgs boson, H --> gamma^' gamma^' with  hidden photons decaying into displaced lepton or light quark pairs, and set limits on the kinetic  mixing within 1E-4 -- 1E-8 for the given mass range. The quoted limit is for mass(A0)  ~= 13 GeV with a branching fraction of 0.1 for the Higgs decaying into hidden photon pairs.  See their Fig. 13 for the  mass-dependent limits.


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text:
AAD 2023T is analogous to AAD 2022S, but using the Z H production  mode, and  set   the upper limit on the branching ratio B(H --> gamma gamma^') within  0.0219 -- 0.0252     (95% CL).


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AALBERS 2023A look for an absorption of hidden photon dark matter. The quoted limit is for  mass(gamma^') = 1.4 keV. The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is  assumed. See their Fig. 7 for mass-dependent limits.


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ABLIKIM 2023AF look for invisible decays of hidden photons produced in the reaction e+ e- --> gamma gamma^'.  They set limits within the 1.6E-3 -- 5.7E-3. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
ABUDINEN 2023B look for hidden photons in the dark Higgsstrahlung process, e+ e- --> gamma^' H^'   (gamma^' --> mu+ mu-) with H^' being invisible. They set upper limits on the product of  the  kinetic mixing and the hidden gauge coupling, chi^2.alpha_{{D}}, in the range of  1.7E-8 -- 2E-6 at  90% CL for a 1 GeV dark Higgs mass. See their Fig. 3 for the  mass-dependent limits.


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text:
ADHIKARI 2023 look for the annual modulation signal induced by solar flux of hidden photons.  See their Fig. 10  for mass-dependent limits.


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ADHIKARI 2023A look for absorption and Compton-like processes of hidden photon dark matter.    The  quoted  limit is for mass(gamma^') ~= 12 keV. Limits between 6E-14 -- 3E-11  are   obtained. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
ADRIAN 2023 is an update of ADRIAN 2018, and use the data from the 2016 engineering run   at 2.3 GeV. The quoted limit is at mass(gamma^') ~= 74 MeV. See their Fig. 28 for the   mass-dependent limits.


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text:
AGNES 2023A look for an absorption of hidden photon dark matter. The quoted limit is for   mass(gamma^') = 0.03 keV. The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is  assumed. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
AN 2023A look for absorption of hidden photon dark matter at radio telescopes, setting limits  based on data from the FAST telescope.  The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.3  GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
ANDREEV 2023 is an update of ANDREEV 2021 and  ANDREEV 2021A. The quoted limit  applies to mass(gamma^') = 1 MeV. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
BAJJALI 2023 look for hidden photon dark matter by using a 12 -- 18 GHz dish antenna  at U. Hamburg that is sensitive to vertically aligned hidden photon polarizations. They assume a  local density of rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3. See their Figure 12 for  mass-dependent limits in the range of mass(gamma^') = 50 -- 75 mueV under the  assumption of randomly aligned hidden photon polarizations, defined as "1 sigma sensitivity". The  run is labelled BRASS-p.


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text:
CORTINA-GIL 2023C NA62 beam dump experiment searches for hidden photons decaying to mu+ mu-,  extending their previous search CORTINA-GIL 2019. The quoted limit applies at 300 MeV but  does not extend to arbitrarily large kinetic mixing parameters. See Fig. 4 for mass-dependent  limits.


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text:
HAYRAPETYAN 2023G search for kinetically mixed hidden photons in proton-proton collisions at  the LHC that would generate a narrow peak in the mass spectrum of dimuon events. The mass window  between 2.6 and 4.2 GeV is left unconstrained to avoid  J/psi and psi(2S) resonances. Mass  dependent limits given in their Fig. 6.


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text:
KOTAKA 2023 is an update of TOMITA 2020, and set limits  chi < 0.3 -- 2E-10  for the quoted mass range. The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.39 GeV/cm**3 is  assumed. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
LI 2023I set cooling bounds on the emission of hidden photons from the Sun, red giant, and  horizontal branch stars, including emission of both the transverse and longitudinal modes. Cooling  bounds are computed assuming a static model as opposed to considering the impact on stellar  evolution. The result is comparable to earlier estimates of the same bound e.g. REDONDO 2013. Limit applies at the most constraining mass around 200 eV for the solar bound.


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text:
RAMANATHAN 2023 look for hidden photon dark matter using a gold-plated copper dish antenna  cooled to 20 mK. The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.45 GeV/cm**3 is assumed.  Limits  between 7.9E-13 and 3.81E-12 are obtained. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent  limits.


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text:
ROMANENKO 2023 employed two superconducting radio frequency cavities with a high quality  factor, optimized for detecting the longitudinal polarization of the hidden photon. The quoted  limit is set at mass(gamma^') ~= 5mueV. See their Fig. 4 for the mass-dependent  limits.


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text:
XIA 2023 is analogous to WU 2022A and use the Fermi-LAT pulsar timing array. They set a  bound on the local density as rho(gamma^') ~< 7 GeV/cm**3 for   mass(gamma^')    ~< E-23 eV at 95% CL, with weaker constraints up to E-22 eV.   See their Fig. 1   for the mass-dependent limits.


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text:
AAD 2022J look for exotic decays of the SM-like Higgs boson, H --> gamma^' gamma^' --> 4 lepton and   H --> Z gamma^' --> 4 lepton,   and set limits on the kinetic mixing and the Higgs portal   coupling. See their Figs. 19 and 20 for the mass-dependent limits.


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text:
AAD 2022S look for decays of a Higgs boson into gamma and gamma^' using the VBF  production mode, and set the upper  limit on the branching ratio at 0.018 (95% CL) for the  125 GeV Higgs boson. For the quoted  mass range, the signal acceptance changes by less than  1%.


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text:
APRILE 2022 is analogous to AN 2020, and their limit was corrected in the erratum to  this paper: APRILE 2024B. They set limits  chi < 2E-12 (eV/mass(gamma^'))  for mass(gamma^') < 3 eV (90% C.L.). For mass(gamma^') > 3 eV, see Fig. 1 of  APRILE 2024B.


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text:
APRILE 2022 extend APRILE 2019 to lower masses by removing the background of ionization  signals correlated with high-energy events. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 0.09 keV.  See their Fig. 15 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
APRILE 2022B is an update of APRILE 2020, and set limits chi ~<  5E-17 -- 2E-13. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 1 keV. They exclude the XENON1T  excess found in APRILE 2020. See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
BATTAGLIERI 2022 is analogous to BATELL 2014, and derived limits from the electron beam  dump experiment at Jefferson Lab (BDX-MINI). Limits at the level of 7E-5 -- 1E-2  are  obtained for the dark matter mass mass(gamma^')/3 and the hidden gauge coupling    alpha(D)  = 0.1. See their Fig. 11.


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text:
BOLTON 2022 use the Ly-alpha forest at z ~= 0.1 as a calorimeter for heating in  the intergalactic medium by the resonant conversion of hidden photon dark matter to photons, which  is assumed to be responsible for the tension between the predicted and observed Ly-alpha  absorption linewidths.


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text:
CERVANTES 2022 use a dielectrically loaded Fabry-Perot open cavity to look for hidden photon  dark matter. The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.45 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See  their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
CHILES 2022 look for hidden photon dark matter by using a layered dielectric target and a  superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. The local density rho(gamma^') =  0.4 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
HOCHBERG 2022 update HOCHBERG 2019. The quoted limit applies to mass(A0) ~= 11   eV. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
LEES 2022 look for a hidden fermion-fermion bound state decaying into three hidden photons,  which subsequently decay into e+ e-, mu+ mu-, or pi+ pi-. For the bound-state mass in  the range of 0.05 -- 9.5 GeV, limits at the level of 5E-5 -- 1E-3 are obtained. See  their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
LU 2022 derive the limit by studying the effect of photons oscillating into hidden photons on   the surface luminosity of the neutron star RX J1856.6-3754.


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text:
MANENTI 2022 look for hidden photon dark matter by using a multilayer dielectric haloscope.    Limits between 6.86E-11 and 5E-8 are obtained for mass(gamma^') ~= 1.1 -- 3.1   eV.  See their Fig. 11 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
THOMAS 2022 improved KRIBS 2021 by taking account of the changes in the parton   distribution functions due to the inclusion of hidden photons. The quoted limit is at  mass(gamma^')  ~= 4 GeV. Limits in the range of 3E-2 -- 9E-2 are obtained for  mass(gamma^') =  1 -- 80 GeV. See their Fig. 1 for the limits.


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text:
TUMASYAN 2022AH look for exotic decays of the SM-like Higgs boson, H --> Z gamma^' --> 4 lepton,  and set limits on the Higgs portal coupling. See their Fig. 6 for the limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
TUMASYAN 2022N look for exotic decays of the SM-like Higgs boson, H --> gamma^' gamma^'  (gamma^' --> mu+ mu-), and set limits on the branching fraction product. See their Fig. 7 for  mass- and lifetime-dependent limits.


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text:
WU 2022A look for direction-dependent oscillations in the gravitational potential generated  by ultralight hidden photon dark matter, and set a bound on its local density as  rho(gamma^') ~< 5 GeV/cm**3 for mass(gamma^') ~< E-23 eV at  95% CL.


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text:
ANDREEV 2021 is analogous to BANERJEE 2018A.  The quoted limit applies to  mass(gamma^') = 1 MeV. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
ANDREEV 2021A extends the limits of BANERJEE 2019 by taking account of production  through the resonant annihilation of secondary positrons with atomic electrons. The quoted limit is  at mass(gamma^') = 0.23 GeV, assuming the fermion dark matter of mass mass(gamma^')/3 and the  hidden gauge coupling alpha(D) = 0.1. See their Fig.3 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
BI 2021 look for the gamma-ray spectral attenuation due to scattering with hidden photons  constituting all dark matter, using the measurements of sub-PeV gamma-rays from the Crab Nebula    by  the Tibet ASgamma and HAWC experiments, together with MAGIC and HEGRA  gamma-ray   data.   See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
CAZZANIGA 2021 look for semi-visible decays of hidden photons, gamma^' --> chi_1 chi_2  (chi_2 --> chi_1 e+ e-), where chi_{{1}} and chi_{{2}} are hidden fermions. They exclude 3E-5  ~< chi ~< 2E-2 assuming the hidden gauge coupling alpha_{{D}} = 0.1, and  the fermion masses mass(chi_{{1}}) = mass(gamma^')/3, (mass(chi_{{2}}) -  mass(chi_{{1}}))/mass(chi_{{1}}) = 0.4. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
DIXIT 2021 look for hidden photon dark matter by using a superconducting transmon qubit   dispersively coupled to a high Q storage cavity. The local density   rho(gamma^') = 0.4 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig.4 for mass-dependent   limits.


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text:
GHOSH 2021 use existing haloscope axion search limits to set limits on hidden photon dark  matter, considering the polarization of hidden photons. The quoted limit is at mass(gamma^')  ~= 3 mueV. See their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
GODFREY 2021 look for hidden photon dark matter by using a wideband antenna, and set  5sigma limits on chi. The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.38    GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their updated Fig. 12 in arXiv:2101.02805v4 for mass-dependent   limits in  the  range of mass(gamma^')   =  0.207 -- 1.24 mueV.


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text:
KOPYLOV 2021A is an update of KOPYLOV 2019, but use Ne gas instead of  Ar. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 12 eV. See their Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


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text:
KRIBS 2021 used the HERA data on neutral current deep inelastic e p scattering to derive  the limits, which become weaker for heavier masses. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


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text:
SCHMIDT 2021 use the microscopic Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics approach to extract limits by  comparing the theoretically calculated dilepton spectra with the HADES data on the search for  gamma^' --> e+ e-. See their Fig. 5 for the mass-dependent limits for various allowed surplus  of the hidden photon contribution over the standard model yield.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
TSAI 2021 update the limits from the CHARM and NuCal experiments, taking account of  additional production channels from proton bremsstrahlung and eta meson decays, respectively.  Limits between 3E-8 and 1E-4 are obtained for 0.01 < mass(gamma^') < 0.8 GeV  (see their Fig. 1).


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AAIJ 2020C look for hidden photons produced from the p p collision in the decay channel  gamma^' --> mu+ mu-. For prompt decaying hidden photons, limits at the level of E-4 -- E-3 are  obtained for mass(gamma^') = 0.214 -- 30 GeV.  See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AAIJ 2020C look for hidden photons produced from the p p collision in the decay channel  gamma^' --> mu+ mu-.  For hidden photons with lifetimes of order ps, limits at the level of  E-5 are obtained for mass(gamma^') = 218 -- 315 MeV. See their Fig. 4 for  mass-dependent limits.


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text:
ABLIKIM 2020AB search for J/psi --> eta^' gamma^'  (gamma^' --> gamma pi0), and set  the upper limit on the product branching fraction of order E-7. See their Fig. 7 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AGOSTINI 2020 is analogous to ABE 2014F. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') =  150 keV. The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. Their  limits in their Fig. 3 were later found to be incorrect due to an error of their Eqs. (1) and (2).  See Fig. 3 in AGOSTINI 2022A for the corrected limits.


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text:
AMARAL 2020 use a second-generation SuperCDMS high-voltage eV-resolution detector to set   limits on dark-matter hidden photon absorption. The quoted limit is for mass(gamma^') ~= 17   eV. The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig.  3  for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AN 2020 updates the direct detection limit of AN 2013C on solar flux of hidden photons;   chi < 1.6E-12 (eV/mass(gamma^'))  for mass(gamma^') < 6 eV (90%  C.L.). For mass(gamma^') > 6 eV, see their Fig. 1 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ANDRIANAVALOMAHEFA 2020 is analogous to SUZUKI 2015, but uses a mirror that is about  one order of magnitude larger than in similar studies in the past. Limits at the level of E-12  are obtained for mass(gamma^') = 2.5 -- 7 eV.  See their Fig.23 and Table III for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
APRILE 2020 is analogous to ABE 2014F, and set limits chi ~< E-16 -- E-12.  The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 1 keV. They also found an excess over known  backgrounds, which favors the mass mass(gamma^') = 2.3+-0.2 keV with a 3 sigma  significance. See their Fig. 10 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ARALIS 2020 is analogous to ABE 2014F. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 0.1  keV. The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. The limits at  masses above 3 keV in their Fig. 10 was later found to be incorrect due to an error in their  analysis. See Fig. 3 in erratum for the corrected limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ARGUELLES 2020 examine hidden-photon production in atmospheric cosmic-ray showers and its  decay in IceCube and Super-Kamiokande. The quoted limit assumes a lifetime of ctau  = 0.1 km. See their Fig. 16 for mass- and lifetime-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ARNAUD 2020 look for the absorption signal of hidden photon dark matter in a Ge  detector. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') ~= 9 eV. The local density  rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent  limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
BANERJEE 2020 is an update of BANERJEE 2018. They exclude 8.2E-5 ~<  chi ~< 1E-2 for mass(gamma^') = 1.5 -- 24 MeV. In particular, they  exclude chi = 1.2E-4 -- 6.8E-4 for the 16.7 MeV gauge boson. See their Fig. 5 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
BARAK 2020 is analogous to AGUILAR-AREVALO 2019A, and look for hidden photon dark  matter by using the Skipper CCD. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 12.8 eV. See their  Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
KRASNIKOV 2020 showed that the limit of BANERJEE 2020 combined with the measured  anomalous magnetic moment of the electron exclude the 16.7 MeV gauge boson suggested by the ATOMKI  (KRASZNAHORKAY 2016) experiment if it has pure vector or axial-vector interactions.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
SHE 2020 look for solar hidden photons. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 180 eV.  See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
SHE 2020 look for hidden photon dark matter and set limits chi < 1.3E-15 -- 2.8E-14 for the  quoted mass range.  The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed.   See their Fig. 6 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
SIRUNYAN 2020AQ look for a narrow resonance decaying into a pair of muons. For mass(gamma^')  < 45 GeV, they use dedicated high-rate dimuon triggers to reduce the muon transverse momentum  thresholds. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 50 GeV, and limits of order E-3 are  obtained for the quoted mass range.  See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
TOMITA 2020 look for hidden photon dark matter using a planar metal plate and cryogenic  receiver and set limits chi < 1.8 -- 4.3E-10 for the quoted mass range.  The  local density rho(gamma^') = 0.39 GeV/cm**3 is assumed.  See their Fig. 7 for  mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
WANG 2020A is analogous to ABE 2014F. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 185  eV.  The local density rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig.  11 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AABOUD 2019G look for h --> gamma^' gamma^' (gamma^' --> mu+ mu-) and exclude a  kinetic mixing around E-9 -- E-8 for B(h --> gamma^' gamma^') = 0.01 and 0.1. See  their Fig. 9 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ABLIKIM 2019A look for J/psi --> gamma^' eta (gamma^' --> e+ e-). Limits between 6E-3 and  5E-2 are obtained (see their Fig. 8).


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
ABLIKIM 2019H look for  J/psi --> gamma^' eta^' (gamma^' --> e+ e-). Limits between  3.4E-3 and 2.6E-2 are obtained. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
AGUILAR-AREVALO 2019A look for the absorption signal of hidden photon dark matter by using a  CCD. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') = 17 eV. The local density  rho(gamma^') = 0.3 GeV/cm**3 is assumed. See their Fig. 4 for mass-dependent  limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
APRILE 2019D is analogous to ABE 2014F. The quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') =  0.7 keV. See their Fig. 5(f) for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
BANERJEE 2019 is an update of BANERJEE 2018A.  The quoted limit is at mass(gamma^') =  1 MeV. See their Fig. 3 for mass-dependent limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
BHOONAH 2019 examine heating of Galactic Center gas clouds by hidden photon dark matter. The  quoted limit applies to mass(gamma^') ~= E-12 eV. See their Fig. 2 for mass-dependent  limits.


pdgid: S029HPH
text:
BRUN 2019 is analogous to SUZUKI 2015. The limit is derived under an assumption that  hidden photons constitute the local dark matter density rho(gamma')  = 0.3  GeV/cm**3.


