# pdgtext

pdgid: S044223
type: t
text:
These quantities are the effective vector couplings of the Z to charged leptons and quarks. Their magnitude is derived from a measurement of the Z lineshape and the forward-backward lepton asymmetries as a function of energy around the Z mass.  The relative sign among the vector to axial-vector couplings is obtained from a measurement of the Z asymmetry parameters, A_{{e}}, A_{{\mu}},  and A_{{\tau}}. By convention the sign of g(A)**e is fixed to be negative (and opposite to that of g**nu_{{e}} obtained using nu_{{e}} scattering measurements). For the light quarks, the sign of the couplings is assigned consistently with this assumption. The LEP/SLD-based fit values quoted below correspond to global nine- or five-parameter fits to lineshape, lepton forward-backward asymmetry, and A_{{e}}, A_{{\mu}}, and A_{{\tau}} measurements. See the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006 for details. Where p pbar and e p data is quoted, OUR FIT value corresponds  to a weighted average of this with the LEP/SLD fit result.


pdgid: S044219
type: t
text:
These quantities are the effective axial-vector couplings of the Z to charged leptons and quarks. Their magnitude is derived from a measurement of the Z lineshape and the forward-backward lepton asymmetries as a function of energy around the Z mass.  The relative sign among the vector to axial-vector couplings is obtained from a measurement of the Z asymmetry parameters, A_{{e}}, A_{{\mu}},  and A_{{\tau}}. By convention the sign of g(A)**e is fixed to be negative (and opposite to that of g**nu_{{e}} obtained using nu_{{e}} scattering measurements). For the light quarks, the sign of the couplings is assigned consistently with this assumption. The LEP/SLD-based fit values quoted below correspond to global nine- or five-parameter fits to lineshape, lepton forward-backward asymmetry, and A_{{e}}, A_{{\mu}}, and A_{{\tau}} measurements. See the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006 for details. Where p pbar and e p data is quoted, OUR FIT value corresponds  to a weighted average of this with the LEP/SLD fit result.


pdgid: S044228
type: t
text:
Averaging over neutrino species, the invisible Z decay width determines the effective neutrino coupling g**nu_{{{{\mathit \ell}}}}. For  g**nu_{{e}} and g**nu_{{\mu}},  nu_e e and nu_mu e scattering results are combined with g(A)**e and g(V)**e measurements at the Z mass to obtain g**nu_{{e}} and g**nu_{{\mu}}  following NOVIKOV 1993C.


pdgid: S044248
type: t
text:
The correlations between the transverse spin components of tau+ tau- produced in Z decays may be expressed in terms of the vector and axial-vector couplings:


pdgid: S126230
type: t
text:
The H signal strength in a particular final state x x is given by the cross section times branching  ratio in this channel normalized to the Standard Model (SM) value, sigma . B(H --> x x) / (sigma . B(H --> x x))(SM), for the specified mass value of H. For the SM predictions, see DITTMAIER 2011, DITTMAIER 2012, and HEINEMEYER 2013A. Results for fiducial and differential cross sections are also listed below.


pdgid: S055250
type: t
text:
The minimal supersymmetric model has two complex doublets of Higgs bosons.  The resulting physical states are two scalars [H_{{1}}()0 and H_{{2}}()0, where we define mass(H_{{1}}()0) < mass(H_{{2}}()0)], a pseudoscalar (A0), and a charged Higgs pair (H+-). H_{{1}}()0 and H_{{2}}()0 are also called h and H in the literature. There are two free parameters in the Higgs sector which can be chosen to be mass(A0) and tan(beta) = v(2)/v(1), the ratio of vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs doublets. Tree-level Higgs masses are constrained by the model to be mass(H_{{1}}()0) <= mass(Z), mass(H_{{2}}()0) >= mass(Z), mass(A0) >= mass(H_{{1}}()0), and mass(H+-) >= mass(W). However, as described in the review on ``Status of Higgs Boson Physics'' in this Volume these relations are violated by radiative corrections.


pdgid: S055245
type: t
text:
This Section covers models which do not fit into either the Standard Model or its simplest minimal Supersymmetric extension (MSSM), leading to anomalous production rates, or nonstandard final states and branching ratios.  In particular, this Section covers limits which may apply to generic two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDM), or to special regions of the MSSM parameter space where decays to invisible particles or to photon pairs are dominant (see the review on ``Status of Higgs Boson Physics''). Concerning the mass limits for H0 and A0 listed below, see the footnotes or the comment lines for details on the nature of the models to which the limits apply.


pdgid: S064HDC
type: t
text:
This section covers searches for a doubly-charged Higgs boson with couplings to lepton pairs.  Its weak isospin T_{{3}} is thus restricted to two possibilities depending on lepton chiralities: T_{{3}}(H+-+-) = +-1, with the coupling g(lepton lepton) to lepton_L()- lepton_L^'()- and lepton_R()+ lepton_R^'()+ (``left-handed'') and T_{{3}}(H+-+-) = 0, with the coupling to lepton_R()- lepton_R^'()- and lepton_L()+ lepton_L^'()+ (``right-handed''). These Higgs bosons appear in some left-right symmetric models based on the gauge group SU(2)(L)xSU(2)(R)xU(1), the type-II seesaw model, and the Zee-Babu model. The two cases are listed separately in the following.  Unless noted, one of the lepton flavor combinations is assumed to be dominant in the decay.


pdgid: S003210
type: t
text:
A test of charge conservation. See the ``Note on Testing Charge Conservation and the Pauli Exclusion Principle'' following this section in our 1992 edition (Physical Review  D45 S1 (1992), p.VI.10).


pdgid: S004220
type: t
text:
The parity-violating decay of muons in a storage ring is observed. The difference frequency omega(a) between the muon spin precession and the orbital angular frequency (e/mass(mu)c)<B> is measured, as is the free proton NMR frequency omega(p), thus determining the ratio R=omega(a)/omega(p).  Given the magnetic moment ratio lambda=mu(mu)/mu(p) (from hyperfine structure in muonium), (g-2)/2 = R/(lambda-R).


pdgid: S035243
type: t
text:
Electroweak radiative corrections are expected to contribute at the 10**-6 level.  See BERNABEU 1995.


pdgid: S067270
type: t
text:
The LSND collaboration reported in AGUILAR 2001 a signal which is consistent with nubar_mu --> nubar_e oscillations.  In a three neutrino framework, this would be  a measurement of theta(12) and Deltam(21)**2. This does not appear to be consistent with most of the other neutrino data. The following listings include results from nu_mu --> nu_e, nubar_mu --> nubar_e appearance and nu_{{\mu}}, nubar_{{\mu}}, nu_{{e}}, and nubar_{{e}} disappearance experiments, and searches for CPT violation.


pdgid: Q007210
type: t
text:
We first list the direct measurements of the top quark mass which employ the event kinematics and then list the measurements which extract a top quark mass from the measured t tbar cross-section using theory calculations. A discussion of the definition of the top quark mass in these measurements can be found in the review ``The Top Quark.''


pdgid: Q007260
type: t
text:
W helicity fractions in top decays. F_{{0}}() is the fraction of longitudinal and F_{{+}}() the fraction of right-handed W bosons. F_{{{V+A}}} is the fraction of V+A current in top decays. The effective Lagrangian (cited by ABAZOV 2008AI) has terms f(1)**L and f(1)**R for V-A and V+A couplings, f(2)**L and f(2)**R for tensor couplings with b(R) and b(L) respectively.


pdgid: S009225
type: t
text:
The amplitude for the process pi0 --> e+ e- gamma contains a form factor F(x) at the pi0 gamma gamma vertex, where x = [mass(e+ e-)/mass(pi0)]**2.  The parameter a in the linear expansion F(x) = 1 + a*x is listed below.


pdgid: M001230
type: t
text:
In the pole approximation the electromagnetic transition form factor for a resonance of mass M is given by the expression:         |F|**2 = (1 - M^2/Lambda^2)**-2,  where for the parameter Lambda vector dominance predicts  Lambda = M(p) ~~ 0.770 GeV.  The ARNALDI 2009 measurement is in obvious conflict with this expectation. Note that for eta --> gamma mu+ mu- decay ARNALDI 2009 and DZHELYADIN 1980 obtain the value of Lambda consistent with vector dominance.


pdgid: M002225
type: t
text:
X and Y are Dalitz variables; alpha is complex and C, and D are real-valued. Parameters C and D are not necessarily  equal to c and d, respectively, in the generalized parameterization  following this one. May be different for eta^'(958) --> eta pi+ pi- and eta^'(958) --> eta pi0 pi0 decays. Because of different initial assumptions and strong correlations of the parameters we do not average the parameters in the section below.


pdgid: M002227
type: t
text:
X and Y are Dalitz variables and a, b, c, and d are real-valued parameters. May be different for eta^'(958) --> eta pi+ pi- and eta^'(958) --> eta pi0 pi0 decays. We do not average measurements in the section below because parameter values from each experiment are strongly correlated.


pdgid: M002226
type: t
text:
See the ``Note on eta Decay Parameters'' in our 1994 edition Physical Review  D50 1173 (1994), p.1454.


pdgid: M002235
type: t
text:
See the note on eta decay parameters in the Stable Particle Particle Listings for definition of this parameter.


pdgid: M004230
type: t
text:
In the one-pole approximation the electromagnetic transition form factor for phi --> P e+ e- (P = pi,eta) is given as a function of the e+ e- invariant mass squared, q^2, by the expression:         |F(q^2)|**2 = (1 - q^2/Lambda^2)**-2,  where vector meson dominance predicts parameter Lambda~~0.770 GeV (Lambda**-2~~1.687 GeV**-2). The slope of this form factor, beta = dF/dq^2(q^2=0), equals Lambda**-2 in this approximation.


pdgid: S010255
type: t
text:
|matrix element|**2 = 1 + g*u + h*u**2 + k*v**2   where u = (s(3) - s(0)) / mass**2(pi) and v = (s(2) - s(1)) / mass**2(pi)


pdgid: S010257
type: t
text:
The following functional form for the matrix element suggested by pi pi rescattering in K+ --> pi+``pi+ pi-''pi+ pi0 pi0 is used for this fit (CABIBBO 2004A, CABIBBO 2005): Matrix element = M_{{0}}() + M_{{1}}() where  M_{{0}}() = 1 + (1/2)electron gfactor(0) u + (1/2) h^'() u^2() + (1/2)k_{{0}}() v^2() with u = (s_{{3}}()-s_{{0}}())/(mass(pi+))**2,  v = (s_{{2}}()-s_{{1}}())/(mass(pi+))**2 and where M_{{1}}() takes into account the non-analytic piece due to  pi pi rescattering amplitudes a_{{0}}() and a_{{2}}(); The parameters electron gfactor(0) and h^'() are related to the parameters g and h of the matrix element squared given in the previous section by the approximations electron gfactor(0) ~ g^{PDG}() and  h^'()~h^{PDG}() - (g/2)**2 and k_{{0}}() ~ k^{PDG}().


pdgid: S010263
type: t
text:
Based on the parametrizations of AMOROS 1999, the K_{{{{\mathit \ell}}4}}()+- form factors can be expressed as         where q**2 = (S(pi) / 4mass**2(pi)) - 1, S(pi) is the invariant mass squared of the dipion, and S(e) is the invariant mass squared of the dilepton.


pdgid: S010265
type: t
text:
For definitions of the axial-vector F(A) and vector F(V) form factor, see the ``Note on pi+- --> lepton+- nu gamma and K+- --> lepton+- nu gamma Form Factors'' in the pi+- section. In the kaon literature, often different definitions a(K) = F(A)/m(K) and v(K) = F(V)/mass(K) are used.


pdgid: S011252
type: t
text:
The asymmetry A(T) = G(Kbar0 --> K0) - G(K0 --> Kbar0)/G(Kbar0 --> K0) + G(K0 --> Kbar0) must vanish if Tinvariance holds.


pdgid: S012205
type: t
text:
For earlier measurements, beginning with BOLDT 1958B, see our 1986 edition, Physics Letters  170B 130 (1986).


pdgid: S012240
type: t
text:
For discussion, see note on K(lepton3) form factors in the K+- section of the Particle Listings above. Because the semileptonic branching fraction is smaller in K(S)0 than K(L)0 by the ratio of the mean lives, the K(S)0 semileptonic form factor has so far been measured only in the K_{{{e3}}}() mode using the linear expansion f(+)(t) =  f(+)(0) (1 + lambda(+)t /mass**2(pi+)), which gives the vector form factor f_{{+}}()(t) relative to its value at t = 0.


pdgid: S013235
type: t
text:
For discussion, see note on Dalitz plot parameters in the K+- section of the Particle Listings above.  For definitions of a(v), a(t), a(u), and a(y), see the earlier version of the same note in the 1982 edition of this Review published in Physics Letters  111B 70 (1982).


pdgid: S013315
type: t
text:
eta(+-) = A(K0L --> pi+ pi-) / A(K0S --> pi+ pi-)   eta(00) = A(K0L --> pi0 pi0) / A(K0S --> pi0 pi0)


pdgid: S013304
type: t
text:
These are the CP-violating parameters in the phi distribution, where phi is the angle between the planes of the two e+ e- pairs in the kaon rest frame:


pdgid: S013305
type: t
text:
These are CP-violating charge-asymmetry parameters, defined at beginning of section ``LINEAR COEFFICIENT g FOR K0L --> pi+ pi- pi0 above. See also note on Dalitz plot parameters in K+- section and note on ``CP violation in K_{{L}} decays'' above.


pdgid: S031230
type: t
text:
This is the difference between D+ and D- partial widths for the decay to state f, divided by the sum of the widths: A(CP)(f)= [Gamma(D+ --> f) - Gamma(D- --> fbar)]/[Gamma(D+ --> f) + Gamma(D- --> fbar)].


pdgid: S031241
type: t
text:
We list model-independent searches for local CP violation in phase-space distributions of multi-body decays.


pdgid: S032227
type: t
text:
The CP-even fraction F(+), defined for self-conjugate final states, like the coherence factor is useful for measuring the unitary triangle angle gamma in B --> D K decays. A purely CP-even state has F(+) = 1, a CP-odd one has F(+) = 0. For details, see NAYAK 2015.


pdgid: S032243
type: t
text:
This is the difference between D0 and Dbar0 partial widths for the decay to state f, divided by the sum of the widths: A(CP)(f) = [Gamma(D0 --> f) - Gamma(Dbar0 --> fbar)] / [Gamma(D0 --> f) + Gamma(Dbar0 --> fbar)].


pdgid: S032242
type: t
text:
The CP-sensitive P-odd (T-odd) correlation in D0, Dbar0 decays. The D0 and Dbar0 are distinguished by the charge of the parent D^*: D^*()+ --> D0 pi+ and D^*()- --> Dbar0 pi-.


pdgid: S034245
type: t
text:
This is the difference between D_{{s}}()+ and D_{{s}}()- partial widths for the decay to state f, divided by the sum of the widths: A(CP)(f)= [Gamma(D_s()+ --> f) - Gamma(D_s()- --> fbar)] / [Gamma(D_s()+ --> f)+Gamma(D_s()- --> fbar)].


pdgid: S041230
type: t
text:
In decays involving two vector mesons, one can distinguish among the states in which meson polarizations are both longitudinal (L) or both are transverse and parallel ((parallel)) or perpendicular ((perp)) to each other with the parameters Gamma(L)/Gamma, Gamma((perp))/Gamma,  and the relative phases phi((parallel)) and phi((perp)). See the definitions in the note on ``Polarization in B Decays'' review in the B0 Particle Listings.


pdgid: S041320
type: t
text:
The parameters r(B+) and delta(B+) are the magnitude ratio and strong phase difference between the amplitudes of A(B+ --> Dbar^(*)()0 K^(*)()+) and A(B- --> D^(*)()0 K^(*)()-). The measured observables are defined as  x(+-) = r(B+) cos(delta(B+) +- gamma) and y(+-) = r(B+) sin(delta(B+) +- gamma), and can be used to measure the CKM angle gamma.


pdgid: S041250
type: t
text:
The forward-backward assymmetry is defined as A(FB) = [ N(q(FB)> 0) - N(q(FB)< 0)] / [N(q(FB)> 0) + N(q(FB)< 0) ], where q(FB) = - q(B).sgn(eta_{{B}}) with q(B) as the B hadron electric charge, eta_{{B}} as its pseudorapidity, and sgn(eta_{{B}}) as a sign function of eta_{{B}}.


pdgid: S042223
type: t
text:
In decays involving two vector mesons, one can distinguish among the states in which meson polarizations are both longitudinal (L) or both are transverse and parallel ((parallel)) or perpendicular ((perp)) to each other with the parameters Gamma(L)/Gamma, Gamma()/Gamma,  and the relative phases phi((parallel)) and phi((perp)). See the definitions in the note on ``Polarization in B Decays'' review in the B0 Particle Listings.


pdgid: S042225
type: t
text:
For a discussion of B()0-Bbar()0 mixing see the note on ``B0-Bbar0 Mixing'' in the B0 Particle Listings above.


pdgid: S042330
type: t
text:
The parameters r(B0) and delta(B0) are the magnitude ratio and strong phase difference between the amplitudes of A(B0 --> D0 K^*()0) and A(B0 --> Dbar0 K^*()0). The measured observables and are defined as x(+-) = r(B0) cos(delta(B0) +- gamma) and y(+-) = r(B0) sin(delta(B0) +- gamma)  where gamma is the CKM angle gamma.


pdgid: S042235
type: t
text:
Measured values of the T-, CP-, and CPT-asymmetry parameters, defined as the differences in S_{{alpha,beta}}()+- and C_{{alpha,beta}}()+- between symmetry-transformed transitions. The indices alpha = lepton+, lepton- and beta = K(S)0, K(L)0 stand for reconstructed the flavor final state and the CP final states from Upsilon(4S) decay.  The sign +- indicates whether the decay to the flavor final state alpha occurs before or after the decay to the CP final state.


pdgid: S049220
type: t
text:
The forward-backward angular asymmetry of the lepton pair in B --> K^(*)() lepton+ lepton- (B --> K / pi h+ h-) decay is defined as


pdgid: S052220
type: t
text:
For the discussion of V_(cb) measurements, which is not repeated here, see the review on ``Determination of |V_(cb)| and |V_(ub)|.''


pdgid: S086233
type: t
text:
In decays involving two vector mesons, one can distinguish among the states in which meson polarizations are both longitudinal (L), or both are transverse and parallel ((parallel)), or perpendicular ((perp)) to each other with the parameters Gamma(L)/Gamma, Gamma((perp))/Gamma,  and the relative phases phi((parallel)) and phi((perp)). In decays involving two tensor mesons, the transverse polarization states are described by parameters Gamma((parallel)1), Gamma((parallel)2),  Gamma((perp)1), Gamma((perp)2) and their relative phases phi((parallel)1),  phi((parallel)2),  phi((perp)1), phi((perp)2). See also the review on ``Polarization in B Decays.''


pdgid: S086235
type: t
text:
For a discussion of B_{{s}}()0-Bbar_{{s}}()0 mixing see the note on ``B0-Bbar0 Mixing'' in the B0 Particle Listings above.


pdgid: S017255
type: t
text:
See the above ``Note on Baryon Decay Parameters.'' For discussions of recent results, see the references cited at the beginning of the section on the neutron mean life.  For discussions of the values of the weak coupling constants electron gfactor(A) and electron gfactor(V) obtained using the neutron lifetime and asymmetry parameterA, comparisons with other methods of obtaining these constants, and implications for particle physics and for  astrophysics, see DUBBERS 1991 and WOOLCOCK 1991.  For tests of the V-A theory of neutron decay, see EROZOLIMSKII 1991B, MOSTOVOI 1996, NICO 2005, SEVERIJNS 2006, and ABELE 2008.


pdgid: B033255
type: t
text:
Papers on gamma N amplitudes predating  1981 may be found in our 2006 edition, Journal of Physics  G33 1 (2006).


pdgid: S018260
type: t
text:
This is the difference between Lambda and Lambdabar decay rates to state f and fbar divided by the sum of the rates: A(CP)(f) = [(B(Lambda --> f)) - (B(Lambdabar --> fbar))]/Sum.


pdgid: S018245
type: t
text:
See the ``Note on Baryon Decay Parameters'' in the neutron Listings. Some early results have been omitted.


pdgid: S019230
type: t
text:
See the ``Note on Baryon Decay Parameters'' in the neutron Listings. A few early results have been omitted.


pdgid: S020240
type: t
text:
See the ``Note on Baryon Decay Parameters'' in the neutron Listings. Older, outdated results have been omitted.


pdgid: B155205
type: t
text:
The charged ++ and + masses are obtained from the mass-difference measurements that follow. The neutral mass is dominated by the mass-difference measurement, but is pulled up somewhat by the less well-determined but considerably higher direct-mass measurement. It is possible, in fact, that AUBERT 2008BN is seeing a different Sigma_{{c}}().


pdgid: S040270
type: t
text:
Measured values of the triple-product asymmetry parameters, odd under time-reversal, are defined as A(c(s))(Lambda/phi) = (N(c(s))**+ - N(c(s))**-) / (sum) where N(c(s))**+, N(c(s))**- are the number of Lambda or phi candidates for which the cos(Phi) and sin(Phi) observables are positive and negative, respectively.  Angles cos(Phi) and sin(Phi) are defined as in LEITNER 2007.


pdgid: S040280
type: t
text:
Observables calculated as average of the triple products for Lambda_{{b}}()0 and Lambdabar_{{b}}()0, which is sensitive to parity violation.


pdgid: S040260
type: t
text:
The forward-backward assymmetry is defined as A(FB)(Lambda_{{b}}()0) = [ N(F) - N(B)] / [N(F) + N(B) ], where the forward (F) direction corresponds to a particle (Lambda_{{b}}()0 or Lambda_{{b}}()-) sharing valence quark flavors with a beam particle with the same sign of rapidity.


pdgid: S040255
type: t
text:
A(P)(Lambda_{{b}}()0) = [CS(Lambda_{{b}}()0) - CS(Lambdabar_{{b}}()0)] / [CS(Lambda_{{b}}()0) + CS(Lambdabar_{{b}}()0)]


pdgid: S069208
type: t
text:
``OUR EVALUATION'' is an average using rescaled values of the data listed below. The average and rescaling were performed by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFLAV) and are described at https://hflav.web.cern.ch/. The averaging/rescaling procedure takes into account correlations between the measurements and asymmetric lifetime errors.


pdgid: S046303
type: t
text:
Experimental results on the chitilde_{{1}}()0-p elastic cross section are evaluated at mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=100 GeV.  The experimental results on the cross section are often mass dependent.  Therefore, the mass and cross section results are also given where the limit is strongest, when appropriate. Results are quoted separately for spin-dependent interactions (based on an effective 4-Fermi Lagrangian of the form chibargamma**mugamma**5chiqbargamma(mu)gamma**5q) and spin-independent interactions (chibarchiqbar q). For calculational details see GRIEST 1988B, ELLIS 1988D, BARBIERI 1989C, DREES 1993B, ARNOWITT 1996, BERGSTROM 1996, and BAER 1997 in addition to the theory papers listed in the Tables. For a description of the theoretical assumptions and experimental techniques underlying most of the listed papers, see the review on ``Dark matter'' in this ``Review of Particle Physics,'' and references therein. Most of the following papers use galactic halo and nuclear interaction assumptions from (LEWIN 1996).


pdgid: S046210
type: t
text:
This section contains limits on charged scalar leptons (leptontilde, with lepton=e,mu,tau). Studies of width and decays of the Z boson (use is made here of DeltaGamma(inv)<2.0MeV, LEP 2000)  conclusively rule out mass(leptontilde_{{R}})<40GeV (41 GeV for leptontilde_{{L}}) , independently of decay modes, for each individual slepton. The limits improve to 43GeV (43.5 GeV for leptontilde_{{L}}) assuming all 3 flavors to be degenerate. Limits on higher mass sleptons depend on model assumptions and on the mass splitting Delta(m)= mass(leptontilde)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0).  The mass and composition of chitilde_{{1}}()0 may affect the selectron production rate in e+ e- collisions through t-channel exchange diagrams. Production rates are also affected by the potentially large mixing angle of the lightest mass eigenstate leptontilde_{{1}}=leptontilde_{{R}} sin(theta(lepton)) + leptontilde_{{L}} cos(theta(lepton)). It is generally assumed that only tautilde may have significant mixing. The coupling to the Z vanishes for theta(lepton)=0.82. In the high-energy limit of e+ e- collisions the interference between gamma and Z exchange leads to a minimal cross section for theta(lepton)=0.91, a value which is sometimes used in the following entries relative to data taken at LEP2. When limits on mass(leptontilde_{{R}}) are quoted, it is understood that limits on mass(leptontilde_{{L}}) are usually at least as strong.


pdgid: S046225
type: t
text:
For mass(qtilde) > 60-70 GeV, it is expected that squarks would undergo a cascade decay via a number of neutralinos and/or charginos rather than undergo a direct decay to photinos as assumed by some papers. Limits obtained when direct decay is assumed are usually higher than limits when cascade decays are included.


pdgid: S046228
type: t
text:
Limits in e+ e- depend on the mixing angle of the mass eigenstate btilde_{{1}} = btilde_{{L}}cos(theta(b)) + btilde_{{R}}sin(theta(b)). Coupling to the Z vanishes for theta(b)~1.17. As a consequence, no absolute constraint in the mass region ~<40 GeV is available in the literature at this time from e+ e- collisions. In the Listings below, we use Deltam = mass(btilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0).


pdgid: S046227
type: t
text:
Limits depend on the decay mode.  In e+ e- collisions they also depend on the mixing angle of the mass eigenstate ttilde_{{1}} = ttilde_{{L}}cos(theta(t)) + ttilde_{{R}}sin(theta(t)). The coupling to the Z vanishes when theta(t) = 0.98.  In the Listings below, we use Deltam == mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) or Deltam == mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(nutilde), depending on relevant decay mode. See also bounds in ``qtilde(Squark) MASS LIMIT.''


pdgid: S046230
type: t
text:
For mass(gtilde) > 60-70 GeV, it is expected that gluinos would undergo a cascade decay via a number of neutralinos and/or charginos rather than undergo a direct decay to photinos as assumed by some papers. Limits obtained when direct decay is assumed are usually higher than limits when cascade decays are included.


pdgid: S000M
type: h
text:
Results prior to 2008 are critiqued in GOLDHABER 2010. All experimental results published prior to 2005 are summarized in detail by TU 2005.      The following conversions are useful: 1 eV = 1.783E-33 g = 1.957E-6 mass(e); lambdabar(C) = (1.973E-7 m)x(1 eV/mass(gamma)).


pdgid: S000Q
type: h
text:
OKUN 2006 has argued that schemes in which all photons are charged are inconsistent. He says that if a neutral photon is also admitted to avoid this problem, then other problems emerge, such as those connected with the emission and absorption of charged photons by charged particles. He concludes that in the absence of a self-consistent phenomenological basis, interpretation of experimental data is at best difficult.


pdgid: G033M
type: h
text:
It is likely that the graviton is massless. More than fifty years ago Van Dam and Veltman (VANDAM 1970), Iwasaki (IWASAKI 1970), and Zakharov (ZAKHAROV 1970) almost simultaneously showed that in the linear approximation a theory with a finite  graviton mass does not approach GR as the mass approaches zero.  Attempts have been made to evade this "vDVZ discontinuity" by invoking modified gravity  or nonlinear theory by De Rahm (DE-RHAM 2017) and others. More recently, the analysis of gravitational wave dispersion has led to bounds that are largely independent of the underlying model, even if not the strongest. We quote the best of these as our best limit.      Experimental limits have been set based on a Yukawa potential (YUKA), dispersion relation (DISP), or other modified gravity theories (MGRV).      The following conversions are useful: 1 eV = 1.783E-33 g = 1.957E-6 mass(e); lambdabar(C) = (1.973E-7 m)x(1 eV/mass(g)).


pdgid: S043M
type: h
text:
The W-mass listed here corresponds to the mass parameter in a Breit-Wigner distribution with  mass-dependent width. To obtain the world average of various measurements, common systematic  uncertainties between experiments are evaluated and accounted for in combinations [SCHAEL 2013A,  AMOROSO 2024]. Until 2022, the measurements of the W-boson mass at lepton and hadron  colliders, LEP-2 (ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, and OPAL), Tevatron (CDF and D0), and LHC (ALEPH and LHCb),  were in good agreement with each other [PDG 2022]. However, with the new CDF result  [AALTONEN 2022] based on their complete Run-II data set, this is no longer the case. The  LHC-TeV MW Working Group, including W-mass experts from CDF, D0, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb  [AMOROSO 2024], has examined this issue in depth. They report that a combination of all  W-mass measurements corrected to a common theory description and PDF set, has a probability of  compatibility of 0.5% only, and is therefore disfavoured. A 91% probability of  compatibility is obtained when the CDF-II measurement is removed. The corresponding value of the  W boson mass is 80369.2+-13.3 MeV, which we quote as the World Average. More information  is given in [M. Grunewald and A. Gurtu, "Mass and Width of the W Boson" review, PDG 2024]  and in [AMOROSO 2024]. Since then, an improved mass determination was published by the ATLAS  collaboration [AAD 2024CJ], superseding their previous result [AABOUD 2018J]. A new  combination is in preparation by the LHC-TeV MW Working Group.


pdgid: S043W
type: h
text:
The W width listed here corresponds to the width parameter in a Breit-Wigner distribution with  mass-dependent width. To obtain the world average, common systematic uncertainties between  experiments are properly taken into account. The LEP-2 average W width based on published  results is 2.195+-0.083 GeV [SCHAEL 2013A]. The combined Tevatron data yields an average  W width of 2.046+-0.049 GeV [TEVEWWG 2010]. OUR AVERAGE uses these average LEP and  Tevatron width values and combines them together with the ATLAS result, assuming no correlations.


pdgid: S043WIN
type: h
text:
This represents the width for the decay of the Wboson into a charged particle with momentum below detectability, p<200 MeV.


pdgid: S043WMG
type: h
text:
The full magnetic moment is given by moment(W) = e(1+kappa+lambda)/2mass(W). In the Standard Model, at tree level, kappa=1 and lambda=0. Some papers have defined Deltakappa =1-kappa and assume that lambda=0.  Note that the electric quadrupole moment is given by -e(kappa-lambda)/mass**2(W). A description of the parameterization of these moments and additional references can be found in HAGIWARA 1987 and BAUR 1988.  The parameterLambda appearing in the theoretical limits below is a regularization cutoff which roughly corresponds to the energy scale where the structure of the W boson becomes manifest.


pdgid: S043A00
type: h
text:
These couplings are used in EFT-based approaches to anomalous couplings. They are linearly related to the couplings discussed above.


pdgid: S043AQC
type: h
text:
Anomalous W quartic couplings are measured by the experiments at LEP, the Tevatron, and the LHC. Some of the recent results from the Tevatron and LHC experiments individually surpass the combined LEP-2 results in precision (see below). As discussed in the review on the ``Anomalous W/Z quartic couplings (QGCS),'' the measurements are typically done using different operator expansions which then do not allow the results to be compared and averaged. At least one common framework should be agreed upon for the use in the future publications by the experiments.      Some publications from LHC experiments derive limits for various assumed values of the form-factor cutoff Lambda(FF). The values quoted below are for Lambda(FF) --> inf.


pdgid: S044M
type: h
text:
OUR AVERAGE is given by the weighted average of the combined CDF result and the combined LEP result, assuming no correlations between CDF and LEP. The combined LEP result, 91.1876+-0.0021 GeV, is obtained using the fit procedure and correlations as determined by the LEP Electroweak Working Group (see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006). The LEP fit is performed using the Z mass and width, the Z hadronic pole cross section, the ratios of hadronic to leptonic partial widths, and the Z pole forward-backward lepton asymmetries. This set is believed to be most free of correlations.      The Z-boson mass listed here corresponds to the mass parameter in a Breit-Wigner distribution with mass dependent width. The value is 34 MeV greater than the real part of the position of the pole (in the energy-squared plane) in the Z-boson propagator. Also the LEP experiments have generally assumed a fixed value of the gamma-Z interferences term based on the standard model. Keeping this term as free parameter leads to a somewhat larger error on the fitted Z mass. See ACCIARRI 2000Q and ABBIENDI 2004G for a detailed investigation of both these issues.


pdgid: S044W
type: h
text:
OUR EVALUATION is obtained using the fit procedure and correlations as determined by the LEP Electroweak Working Group (see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006). Corrections as discussed in VOUTSINAS 2020 and JANOT 2020 are also included.


pdgid: S044W1
type: h
text:
For the LEP experiments, this parameter is not directly used in the overall fit but is derived using the fit results; see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.


pdgid: S044W2
type: h
text:
This parameter is not directly used in the overall fit but is derived using the fit results; see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.


pdgid: S044W4
type: h
text:
lepton indicates each type of lepton (e, mu, and tau), not sum over them.      In our fit Gamma(lepton+ lepton-) is defined as the partial Z width for the decay into a pair of massless charged leptons. This parameter is not directly used in the 5-parameter fit assuming lepton universality but is derived using the fit results. See the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.


pdgid: S044W6
type: h
text:
The Z boson also decays to final states invisible in any detector, for example, the decay to a  neutrino pair as predicted in the Standard Model. Measurements of Gamma(invisible) fall into two  categories: direct or indirect. Direct measurements look for final states with missing energy,  missing momentum, or missing mass, corresponding to the invisible decay of a produced Z boson,  including single-photon final states which arise from initial-state radiation. The indirect  determination is based on Z lineshape analyses performed at the LEP collider, where the  invisible decay width is calculated by subtracting all visible partial decay widths from the total  decay width of the Z boson. Within the framework of the Standard Model these two determinations  should be identical, but not in non-SM scenarios.


pdgid: S044W5
type: h
text:
This parameter is not directly used in the 5-parameter fit assuming lepton universality, but is derived using the fit results. See the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.


pdgid: S044R01
type: h
text:
Here lepton indicates either e or mu. The branching fractions in this node are given within the phase-space defined by the requirements that (i) the 4-lepton invariant mass is between 80 GeV and 100 GeV, and (ii) any opposite-sign same-flavor lepton pair has a di-lepton invariant mass larger than 4 GeV.


pdgid: S044R9
type: h
text:
OUR FIT is obtained using the fit procedure and correlations as determined by the LEP Electroweak Working Group (see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006).


pdgid: S044R20
type: h
text:
lepton indicates each type of lepton (e, mu, and tau), not sum over them.      Our fit result is obtained requiring lepton universality.


pdgid: S044R21
type: h
text:
This quantity is the branching ratio of Z --> ``up-type'' quarks to Z --> hadrons. Except ACKERSTAFF 1997T the values of Z --> ``up-type'' and Z --> ``down-type'' branchings are extracted from measurements of Gamma(hadrons), and Gamma(Z --> gamma + jets) where gamma is a high-energy (>5 or 7 GeV) isolated photon. As the experiments use different procedures and slightly different values of M(Z), Gamma(hadrons) and alpha(s) in their extraction procedures, our average has to be taken with caution.


pdgid: S044R22
type: h
text:
This quantity is the branching ratio of Z --> ``down-type'' quarks to Z --> hadrons. Except ACKERSTAFF 1997T the values of Z --> ``up-type'' and Z --> ``down-type'' branchings are extracted from measurements of Gamma(hadrons), and Gamma(Z --> gamma + jets) where gamma is a high-energy (>5 or 7 GeV) isolated photon. As the experiments use different procedures and slightly different values of M(Z), Gamma(hadrons) and alpha(s) in their extraction procedures, our average has to be taken with caution.


pdgid: S044R29
type: h
text:
OUR FIT is obtained by a simultaneous fit to several  c- and b-quark measurements as explained in the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.      The Standard Model predicts R(c) = 0.1723 for mass(t) =  174.3 GeV and M(H) = 150 GeV.


pdgid: S044R18
type: h
text:
OUR FIT is obtained by a simultaneous fit to several c- and b-quark measurements as explained in the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.      The Standard Model predicts R(b)=0.21581 for mass(t)=174.3 GeV and M(H)=150 GeV.


pdgid: S044R61
type: h
text:
As the experiments assume different values of the b-baryon contribution, our average should be taken with caution.


pdgid: S044B+X
type: h
text:
``OUR EVALUATION'' is obtained using our current values for f(bbar --> B+) and R(b) = Gamma(b bbar)/Gamma(hadrons). We calculate Gamma(B+ X)/Gamma(hadrons) = R(b) x f(bbar --> B+).


pdgid: S044R49
type: h
text:
``OUR EVALUATION'' is obtained using our current values for f(bbar --> B_s()0) and R(b) = Gamma(b bbar)/Gamma(hadrons). We calculate Gamma(B_{{s}}()0)/Gamma(hadrons) = R(b) x f(bbar --> B_s()0).


pdgid: S044BBR
type: h
text:
``OUR EVALUATION'' is obtained using our current values for f(b --> b-baryon) and R(b) = Gamma(b bbar)/Gamma(hadrons). We calculate Gamma(b-baryon X)/Gamma(hadrons) = R(b) x f(b --> b-baryon).


pdgid: S044SH
type: h
text:
OUR EVALUATION is obtained using the fit procedure and correlations as determined by the LEP Electroweak Working Group (see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006). Corrections as discussed in VOUTSINAS 2020 and JANOT 2020 are also included. This quantity is defined as            sigma(h)**0 = [12 pi]/(M(Z)**2) [Gamma(e+ e-)Gamma(hadrons)]/[Gamma(Z)**2]      It is one of the parameters used in the Z lineshape fit.


pdgid: S044AE
type: h
text:
Using polarized beams, this quantity can also be measured as (sigma(L) - sigma(R))/ (sigma(L) + sigma(R)), where sigma(L) and sigma(R) are the e+ e- production cross sections for Z bosons produced with left-handed and right-handed electrons respectively.


pdgid: S044AM
type: h
text:
This quantity is directly extracted from a measurement of the left-right forward-backward asymmetry in mu+ mu- production at SLC using a polarized electron beam.  This double asymmetry eliminates the dependence on the Z-e-e coupling parameter A(e).


pdgid: S044AT
type: h
text:
The LEP and LHC Collaborations collaboration derive this quantity from the measurement of the  tau polarization in Z --> tau+ tau-. The SLD Collaboration directly extracts this quantity  from its measured left-right forward-backward asymmetry in Z --> tau+ tau- produced using a  polarized e- beam. This double asymmetry eliminates the dependence on the Z-e-e  coupling parameter A(e).


pdgid: S044AS
type: h
text:
The SLD Collaboration directly extracts this quantity by a simultaneous fit to four measured s-quark polar angle distributions corresponding to two states of e- polarization (positive and negative) and to the K+ K- and K+- K0S strange particle tagging modes in the hadronic final states.


pdgid: S044AC
type: h
text:
This quantity is directly extracted from a measurement of the left-right forward-backward asymmetry in c cbar production at SLC using polarized electron beam.  This double asymmetry eliminates the dependence on the Z-e-e coupling parameter A(e). OUR FIT is obtained by a simultaneous fit to several c- and b-quark measurements as explained in the note ``The Zboson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.


pdgid: S044AB
type: h
text:
This quantity is directly extracted from a measurement of the left-right forward-backward asymmetry in b bbar production at SLC using polarized electron beam.  This double asymmetry eliminates the dependence on the Z-e-e coupling parameter A(e). OUR FIT is obtained by a simultaneous fit to several c- and b-quark measurements as explained in the note ``The Zboson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.


pdgid: S044Z01
type: h
text:
OUR FIT is obtained using the fit procedure and correlations as determined by the LEP Electroweak Working Group (see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006). For the Z peak, we report the pole asymmetry defined by (3/4)A(e)**2 as determined by the nine-parameter fit to cross-section and lepton forward-backward asymmetry data.


pdgid: S044Z0A
type: h
text:
OUR FIT is obtained using the fit procedure and correlations as determined by the LEP Electroweak Working Group (see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006). For the Z peak, we report the pole asymmetry defined by (3/4)A(e)A(mu) as determined by the nine-parameter fit to cross-section and lepton forward-backward asymmetry data.


pdgid: S044Z0T
type: h
text:
OUR FIT is obtained using the fit procedure and correlations as determined by the LEP Electroweak Working Group (see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006). For the Z peak, we report the pole asymmetry defined by (3/4)A(e)A(tau) as determined by the nine-parameter fit to cross-section and lepton forward-backward asymmetry data.


pdgid: S044Z0L
type: h
text:
For the Z peak, we report the pole asymmetry defined by (3/4)A(lepton)**2 as determined by the five-parameter fit to cross-section and lepton forward-backward asymmetry data assuming lepton universality. For details see the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.


pdgid: S044Z0S
type: h
text:
The s-quark asymmetry is derived from measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry of fast hadrons containing an squark.


pdgid: S044Z0C
type: h
text:
OUR FIT, which is obtained by a simultaneous fit to several c- and b-quark measurements as explained in the note ``The Z boson'' and ref. LEP-SLC 2006, refers to the Z pole asymmetry. The experimental values, on the other hand, correspond to the measurements carried out at the respective energies.


pdgid: S044Z0Q
type: h
text:
Summed over five lighter flavors.      Experimental and Standard Model values are somewhat event-selection dependent.  Standard Model expectations contain some assumptions on B0-Bbar0 mixing and on other electroweak parameters.


pdgid: S044SEF
type: h
text:
The leptonic effective electroweak mixing angle,  sin**2(theta(eff)**lept), is given in terms of the ratio of leptonic  vector and axial-vector coupling constants, r =  g(lepton)**V/g(lepton)**A for lepton = e , mu , tau, with  sin**2(theta(eff)**lept) = (1-r)/4. It can be extracted  directly from the leptonic asymmetry parameter, A_{{{{\mathit \ell}}}} = 2r/(1+r^2). See note "The  Z boson" and ref. LEP-SLC 2006.


pdgid: S044ZVG
type: h
text:
Combining the LEP-2 results taking into account the correlations, the following 95% CL limits are derived [SCHAEL 2013A]:              -0.12< h(1)**Z<+0.11,        -0.07< h(2)**Z<+0.07,         -0.19< h(3)**Z<+0.06,        -0.04< h(4)**Z<+0.13,         -0.05< h(1)**gamma<+0.05,        -0.04< h(2)**gamma <+0.02,         -0.05< h(3)**gamma<+0.00,        +0.01< h(4 )**gamma <+0.05.      Some of the recent results from the Tevatron and LHC experiments individually surpass the combined LEP-2 results in precision (see below).


pdgid: S044ZZZ
type: h
text:
Combining the LEP-2 results taking into account the correlations, the following 95% CL limits are derived [SCHAEL 2013A]:              -0.28< f(4)**Z<+0.32,        -0.34< f(5)**Z<+0.35,         -0.17< f(4)**gamma<+0.19,        -0.35< f(5)**gamma <+0.32.      Some of the recent results from the Tevatron and LHC experiments individually surpass the combined LEP-2 results in precision (see below).


pdgid: S044AQC
type: h
text:
Combining published and unpublished preliminary LEP results the following 95% CL intervals for the QGCs associated with the Z Z gamma gamma vertex are derived (CERN-PH-EP/2005-051 or hep-ex/0511027):              -0.008<a(0)**Z/Lambda**2<+0.021         -0.029<a(c)**Z/Lambda**2<+0.039      Anomalous Z quartic couplings have also been measured by the Tevatron and LHC experiments. As discussed in the review on "Anomalous W/Z quartic couplings," the coupling parameters in the Anomalous QGC Lagrangian may relate to processes involving only the W or only to the Z or to both. Thus, results on all other AQGCs are reported together in the W listings.


pdgid: S126CP
type: h
text:
The observation of the signal in the gamma gamma final state rules out the possibility that the discovered  particle has spin 1, as a consequence of the Landau-Yang theorem. This argument relies on the assumptions that  the decaying particle is an on-shell resonance and that the decay products are indeed two photons rather than two  pairs of boosted photons, which each could in principle be misidentified as a single photon.      Concerning distinguishing the spin 0 hypothesis from a spin 2 hypothesis, some care has to be taken in modelling  the latter in order to ensure that the discriminating power is actually based on the spin properties rather than  on unphysical behavior that may affect the model of the spin 2 state.      Under the assumption that the observed signal consists of a single state rather than an overlap of more than one resonance, it is sufficient to discriminate between distinct hypotheses in the spin analyses. On the other hand, the determination of the CP properties is in general much more difficult since in principle the observed state could consist of any admixture of CP-even and CP-odd components. As a first step, the compatibility of the data with distinct hypotheses of pure CP-even and pure CP-odd states with different spin assignments has been investigated. In order to treat the case of a possible mixing of different CP states, certain cross section ratios are considered. Those cross section ratios need to be distinguished from the amount of mixing between a CP-even and a CP-odd state, as the cross section ratios depend in addition also on the coupling strengths of the CP-even and CP-odd components to the involved particles. A small relative coupling implies a small sensitivity of the corresponding cross section ratio to effects of CP mixing.


pdgid: S126W
type: h
text:
The total decay width for a light Higgs boson with a mass in the observed range is not expected to be directly  observable at the LHC. For the case of the Standard Model the prediction for the total width is about 4 MeV,  which is three orders of magnitude smaller than the experimental mass resolution. There is no indication  from the results observed so far that the natural width is broadened by new physics effects to such an extent  that it could be directly observable. Furthermore, as all LHC Higgs channels rely on the identification  of Higgs decay products, the total Higgs width cannot be measured indirectly without additional assumptions.  The different dependence of on-peak and off-peak contributions on the total width in Higgs decays to Z Z^* and interference effects between signal and background in Higgs decays to gamma gamma can provide additional information in this context. Constraints on the total width from the combination of on-peak and off-peak contributions in Higgs decays to Z Z^* rely on the assumption of equal on- and off-shell effective couplings. Without an experimental determination of the total width or further theoretical assumptions, only ratios of couplings can be determined at the LHC rather than absolute values of couplings.


pdgid: S126K2V
type: h
text:
Signal strength relative to the SM prediction, kappa_{{2V}} = lambda(V V H H) / lambda(V V H H)**SM, V = W, Z.


pdgid: S055CNT
type: h
text:
Mass Limits for Neutral Higgs Bosons in Supersymmetric Models  - Mass Limits for heavy neutral Higgs bosons (H_{{2}}()0, A0) in the MSSM  - Mass Limits for H_{{1}}()0 (Higgs Boson) in Supersymmetric Models  Mass Limits for Neutral Higgs Bosons in Extended Higgs Models  - Mass Limits in General two-Higgs-doublet Models  - Mass Limits for H0 with Vanishing Yukawa Couplings  - Mass Limits for H0 Decaying to Invisible Final States  - Mass Limits for Light A0  - Other Mass Limits  Electroweak Constraints on the Standard Model Higgs Boson Mass


pdgid: S055HAD
type: h
text:
The limits rely on p p  --> H_2()0 / A0 --> tau+ tau- and assume that H_{{2}}()0 and A0 are (sufficiently) mass degenerate. The limits depend on tan(beta).


pdgid: S055H2F
type: h
text:
These limits assume that H0 couples to gauge bosons with the same strength as the Standard Model Higgs boson, but has no coupling to quarks and leptons (this is often referred to as ``fermiophobic'').


pdgid: S055H2I
type: h
text:
These limits are for a neutral scalar H0 which predominantly decays to invisible final states. Standard Model values are assumed for the couplings of H0 to ordinary particles unless otherwise stated.


pdgid: S055H2O
type: h
text:
We use a symbol H_{{1}}()0 if mass < 125 GeV or H_{{2}}()0 if mass > 125 GeV. The notation H is reserved for the 125 GeV particle.


pdgid: S055HEW
type: h
text:
Here we list constraints on the mass of the Higgs boson derived from fits to precision electroweak observables, assuming the minimal Standard Model with a doublet Higgs field and three generations of fermions.


pdgid: S064CNT
type: h
text:
H+- (charged Higgs) mass limits for m(H+)< m(top)  H+- (charged Higgs) mass limits for m(H+)> m(top)  H+-+- (doubly-charged Higgs boson) mass limits  - Limits for H+-+- with T(3) = +-1  - Limits for H+-+- with T(3) = 0


pdgid: S064HGC
type: h
text:
Unless otherwise stated, LEP limits assume B(H+ --> tau+ nu)+B(H+ --> c sbar)=1, and hold for all values of B(H+ --> tau+ nu_tau), and assume H+ weak isospin of  T(3)=+1/2. In the following, tan(beta) is the ratio of the two vacuum expectation values in two-doublet models (2HDM).      The limits are also applicable to point-like technipions.  For a discussion of techniparticles, see the Review of Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry  Breaking in this Review.      Limits obtained at the LHC are given in the m(h)**mod- benchmark scenario, see CARENA 2013, and hold for all tan(beta) values.      For limits obtained in hadronic collisions before the observation of the top quark, and based on the top mass values inconsistent with the current measurements, see the 1996 (Physical Review  D54 1 (1996)) Edition of this Review.      Searches in e+ e- collisions at and above the Zpole have conclusively ruled out the existence of a charged Higgs in the region mass(H+)~<45 GeV, and are meanwhile superseded by the searches in higher energy e+ e- collisions at LEP.  Results that are by now obsolete are therefore not included in this compilation, and can be found in a previous Edition (The European Physical Journal  C15 1 (2000)) of this Review.      In the following, and unless otherwise stated, results from the LEP experiments (ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, and OPAL) are assumed to derive from the study of the e+ e- --> H+ H- process.  Limits from b --> s gamma decays are usually stronger in generic 2HDM models than in Supersymmetric models.


pdgid: S064HGT
type: h
text:
Limits obtained at the LHC are given in the m(h)**mod- benchmark scenario, see CARENA 2013, and depend on the tan(beta) values.


pdgid: S056CNT
type: h
text:
Mass Limits for W^' (Heavy Charged Vector Boson Other Than W) in Hadron Collider Experiments  W_{{R}} (Right-Handed W Boson) Mass Limits  Limit on W_{{L}}-W_{{R}} Mixing Angle zeta  Mass Limits for Z^' (Heavy Neutral Vector Boson Other Than Z)  - Limits for Z'(SM)  - Limits for Z(LR)  - Limits for Z_{{\chi}}  - Limits for Z_{{\psi}}  - Limits for Z_{{\eta}}  - Limits for other Z^'  - Searches for Z^' with Lepton-Flavor-Violating decays  Indirect Constraints on Kaluza-Klein Gauge Bosons  Mass Limits for Leptoquarks from Pair Production  Mass Limits for Leptoquarks from Single Production  Indirect Limits for Leptoquarks  Mass Limits for Diquarks  Mass Limits for g_{{A}} (axigluon) and Other Color-Octet Gauge Bosons   Mass Limits for Color-Octet Scalar Bosons  X0 (Heavy Boson) Searches in Z Decays  Mass Limits for a Heavy Neutral Boson Coupling to e+ e-  Search for X0 Resonance in e+ e- Collisions  Search for X0 Resonance in e p Collisions  Search for X0 Resonance in Two-Photon Process  Search for X0 Resonance in e+ e- --> X0 gamma  Search for X0 Resonance in Z --> f fbar X0  Search for X0 Resonance in W X0 final state  Search for X0 Resonance in Quarkonium Decays


pdgid: S056W1C
type: h
text:
Couplings of W^' to quarks and leptons are taken to be identical with those of W. The following limits are obtained from p pbar or p p --> W^' X with W^' decaying to the mode indicated in the comments. New decay channels (e.g., W^' --> W Z) are assumed to be suppressed. The most recent preliminary results can be found in the ``W^'-boson searches'' review above.


pdgid: S056MR
type: h
text:
Assuming a light right-handed neutrino, except for BEALL 1982, LANGACKER 1989B, and COLANGELO 1991.  g_{{R}} = g_{{L}} assumed. [Limits in the  section MASS LIMITS for W^' below are also valid for W_{{R}} if mass(nu_{{R}}) << mass(W_{{R}}).] Some limits assume manifest left-right symmetry, i.e., the equality of left- and right Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices. For a comprehensive review, see LANGACKER 1989B. Limits on the W_{{L}}-W_{{R}} mixing angle zeta are found in the next section. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino.


pdgid: S056WRZ
type: h
text:
Lighter mass eigenstate W_{{1}} = W_{{L}}cos(zeta)-W_{{R}}sin(zeta). Light nu_{{R}} assumed unless noted. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations.


pdgid: S056Z1C
type: h
text:
Z'(SM) is assumed to have couplings with quarks and leptons which are identical to those of Z, and decays only to known fermions. The most recent preliminary results can be found in the ``Z^'-boson searches'' review above.


pdgid: S056ZLR
type: h
text:
Z(LR) is the extra neutral boson in left-right symmetric models. g_{{L}} = g_{{R}} is assumed unless noted. Values in parentheses assume stronger constraint on the Higgs sector, usually motivated by specific left-right symmetric models (see the Note on the W^'). Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino. Direct search bounds assume decays to Standard Model fermions only, unless noted.


pdgid: S056ZCH
type: h
text:
Z_{{\chi}} is the extra neutral boson in SO(10) --> SU(5) x U(1)(chi). g_{{\chi}} = e/cos(theta(W)) is assumed unless otherwise stated.  We list limits with the assumption rho=1 but with no further constraints on the Higgs sector. Values in parentheses assume stronger constraint on the Higgs sector motivated by superstring models. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino.


pdgid: S056ZPS
type: h
text:
Z_{{\psi}} is the extra neutral boson in E(6) --> SO(10) x U(1)(psi). g_{{\psi}} = e/cos(theta(W)) is assumed unless otherwise stated.  We list limits with the assumption rho=1 but with no further constraints on the Higgs sector. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino.


pdgid: S056ZET
type: h
text:
Z_{{\eta}} is the extra neutral boson in E(6) models, corresponding to Q_{{\eta}} = sqrt(3/8) Q_{{\chi}}-sqrt(5/8) Q_{{\psi}}. g_{{\eta}} = e/cos(theta(W)) is assumed unless otherwise stated.  We list limits with the assumption rho=1 but with no further constraints on the Higgs sector. Values in parentheses assume stronger constraint on the Higgs sector motivated by superstring models. Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino.


pdgid: S056ZLF
type: h
text:
The following limits are obtained from p pbar or p p --> Z^' X with Z^' decaying to the mode indicated in the comments.


pdgid: S056KKI
type: h
text:
Bounds on a Kaluza-Klein excitation of the Zboson or photon in d=1 extra dimension. These bounds can also be interpreted as a lower bound on 1/R, the size of the extra dimension. Unless otherwise stated, bounds assume all fermions live on a single brane and all gauge fields occupy the 4+d-dimensional bulk. See also the section on ``Extra Dimensions'' in the ``Searches'' Listings in this Review.


pdgid: S056ESP
type: h
text:
These limits depend on the q-lepton-leptoquark coupling g(LQ).  It is often assumed that g(LQ)**2/4pi=1/137. Limits shown are for a scalar, weak isoscalar, charge -1/3 leptoquark.


pdgid: S056AXG
type: h
text:
Axigluons are massive color-octet gauge bosons in chiral color models and have axial-vector coupling to quarks with the same coupling strength as gluons.


pdgid: S056ZXG
type: h
text:
Searches for radiative transition of Z to a lighter spin-0 state X0 decaying to hadrons, a lepton pair, a photon pair, or invisible particles  as shown in the comments.  The limits are for the product of branching ratios.


pdgid: S056REE
type: h
text:
The limit is for Gamma(X0 --> e+ e-) . B(X0 --> f), where f is the specified final state.  Spin0 is assumed for X0.


pdgid: S056ZFR
type: h
text:
The limit is for B(Z --> f fbar X0) . B(X0 --> F) where f is a fermion and F is the specified final state.  Spin0 is assumed for X0.


pdgid: S029XEG
type: h
text:
The limit is for Gamma(X0 --> e+ e-).Gamma(X0 --> gamma gamma gamma)/Gamma(total). C invariance forbids spin-0 X0 coupling to both e+ e- and gamma gamma gamma.


pdgid: S029MT
type: h
text:
Limits are for the half-life of neutrinoless beta beta decay with a Majoron emission.   No experiment currently claims any such evidence. Only the best or comparable limits for each isotope are reported.


pdgid: S029IAA
type: h
text:
v(1) = v(2) is usually assumed (v(i) = vacuum expectation values). For a review of these limits, see RAFFELT 1991 and TURNER 1990. In the comment lines below, D and K refer to DFSZ and KSVZ axion types, discussed in the above minireview.


pdgid: S029AXI
type: h
text:
Limits are for the dimensionless quantity [G(A gamma gamma)/mass(A0)]**2rho(A) where  G(A gamma gamma) denotes the axion two-photon coupling,  L(int) = - G(A gamma gamma)/4phi_{{A}}F(mu nu)Ftilde**mu nu =  G(A gamma gamma)phi(A)E.B, and  rho(A) is the axion energy density near the earth, unless otherwise stated. Notice that  for QCD axions G(A gamma gamma)/mass(A0) does not depend on mass(A0). For the  reference values mass(A0) = 1 mueV, G(A gamma gamma) = 3.9E-16  GeV**-1 (that would apply to KSVZ axions at that mass), and rho_{{A}} = 300 MeV/cm**3 one  finds [G(A gamma gamma)/mass(A0)]**2rho(A) = 3.5E-43.


pdgid: S029IAG
type: h
text:
Limits are for the modulus of the axion-two-photon coupling G(A gamma gamma) defined by L=-G(A gamma gamma)phi(A)E.B. For scalars S^0() the limit is on the coupling constant in L=G(S gamma gamma)phi(S)(E**2-B**2). The relation between G(A gamma gamma) and mass(A0) is not used unless stated otherwise, i.e., many of these bounds apply to low-mass axion-like particles (ALPs), not to QCD axions.


pdgid: S029AEC
type: h
text:
The limit is for g(A e e) phi(A) ebar(i gamma(5))e, or equivalently, the dipole-dipole potential -g(A e e)**2/16pi mass**2(e) ((sigma(1).sigma(2)) -3(sigma(1).n) (sigma(2).n))/r**3 where n=r/r and the sign of the potential was corrected based on DAIDO 2017.


pdgid: S029IAT
type: h
text:
The limit is for the coupling g = g(p) g(s) in a T-violating potential between nucleons, nucleon and electron, or electrons of the form V = ghbar**2/8pimass(p)(sigma.rhat) (1/r**2+1/lambdar) e**-r/lambda, where g(s) and g(p) are dimensionless scalar and pseudoscalar coupling constants, mass(p) is the fermion mass with the pseudoscalar coupling (whereas the mass mass(s) of the fermion with the scalar coupling does not explicitly appear), and lambda = hbar/(mass(A)c) is the range of the force.


pdgid: S029HPH
type: h
text:
Limits are on the kinetic mixing parameter chi which is defined by the Lagrangian  L = -1/4 F(mu nu)F**mu nu -1/4 F(mu nu)**'F**'mu nu - chi/2 F(mu nu)F**'mu nu + m(gamma^'())**2/2A(mu)**'A**'mu,  where A_{{\mu}}() and A_{{\mu}}^'() are the photon and hidden-photon fields with field strengths F(mu nu) and F(mu nu)**', respectively, and  is the hidden-photon mass.


pdgid: S003AMU
type: h
text:
The primary determination of an electron's mass comes from measuring the ratio of the mass to that of a nucleus, so that the result is obtained in  u (atomic mass units). The conversion factor to MeV is more uncertain than the mass of the electron in u; indeed, the recent improvements in the mass determination are not evident when the result is given in MeV. In this datablock we give the result in u, and in the following datablock in MeV.


pdgid: S003M
type: h
text:
The mass is known more precisely in u (atomic mass units) than in MeV. The conversion is: 1 u = 931.494 102 42(28) MeV/c**2 (2018 CODATA value, TIESINGA 2021). The conversion error dominates the uncertainty of the masses given below.


pdgid: S004AMU
type: h
text:
The muon's mass is obtained from the muon-electron mass ratio as determined from the measurement of Zeeman transition frequencies in muonium (mu+ e- atom). Since the electron's mass is most accurately known in u, the muon's mass is also most accurately known in u. The conversion factor to MeV has approximately the same relative uncertainty as the mass of the muon in u. In this datablock we give the result in u, and in the following datablock in MeV.


pdgid: S004M
type: h
text:
The mass is known more precisely in u (atomic mass units) than in MeV. The conversion is: 1 u = 931.494 102 42(28) MeV/c**2 (2018 CODATA value, TIESINGA 2021). The conversion error contributes significantly to the uncertainty of the masses given below.


pdgid: S004MPR
type: h
text:
This ratio is used to obtain a precise value of the muon mass and to reduce experimental muon Larmor frequency measurements to the muon magnetic moment anomaly. Measurements with an error > 0.00001 have been omitted. By convention, the minus sign on this ratio is omitted. CODATA values were fitted using their selection of data, plus other data from multiparameter fits.


pdgid: S004R2
type: h
text:
Forbidden by the additive conservation law for lepton family number. A multiplicative law predicts this branching ratio to be 1/2. For a review see NEMETHY 1981.


pdgid: S004MC
type: h
text:
The effective Lagrangian for the mu+ e- --> mu- e+ conversion is assumed to be      L = 2**-1/2 G(C) [psibar_{{\mu}}gamma_{{\lambda}} (1 - gamma(5)) psi_{{e}}] [psibar_{{\mu}}gamma_{{\lambda}} (1 - gamma(5)) psi_{{e}}] + h.c.      The experimental result is then an upper limit on G(C)/G(F), where G(F) is the Fermi coupling constant.


pdgid: S004PL
type: h
text:
(V-A) theory predicts the longitudinal polarization = \pm1 for e+-, respectively. We have flipped the sign for e- so our programs can average.


pdgid: S004SA
type: h
text:
This comes from an alternative parameterization to that used in the Summary Table (see the ``Note on Muon Decay Parameters'' above).


pdgid: S035B75
type: h
text:
Gtau1/Gtau = (Gtau3+ Gtau5+ Gtau9+ Gtau10+ Gtau14+ Gtau16+ Gtau20+ Gtau23+ Gtau27+ Gtau28+ Gtau30+ Gtau36+ Gtau38+ Gtau41+ Gtau43+ Gtau45+ Gtau48+ Gtau49+ Gtau50+ Gtau52+ Gtau56+ Gtau57+ 0.71946Gtau150+ 0.71946Gtau152+ 0.71946Gtau154+ 0.71946Gtau156+ 0.33641Gtau170+ 0.08326Gtau178+ 0.08326Gtau179+ 0.08326Gtau180)/Gtau      The charged particle here can be e, mu, or hadron. In many analyses, the sum of the topological branching fractions (1, 3, and 5 prongs) is constrained to be unity. Since the 5-prong fraction is very small, the measured 1-prong and 3-prong fractions are highly correlated and cannot be treated as independent quantities in our overall fit. We arbitrarily choose to use the 3-prong fraction in our fit, and leave the 1-prong fraction out.  We do, however, use these 1-prong measurements in our average below.


pdgid: S035R24
type: h
text:
Gtau2/Gtau = (Gtau3+ Gtau5+ Gtau9+ Gtau10+ Gtau14+ Gtau16+ Gtau20+ Gtau23+ Gtau27+ Gtau28+ Gtau30+ 0.6534Gtau36+ 0.6534Gtau38+ 0.6534Gtau41+ 0.6534Gtau43+ 0.6534Gtau45+ 0.0942Gtau48+ 0.30688Gtau49+ Gtau50+ 0.0942Gtau52+ 0.30688Gtau56+ Gtau57+ 0.71946Gtau150+ 0.71946Gtau152+ 0.71946Gtau154+ 0.4701Gtau156+ 0.1049Gtau170+ 0.08326Gtau178+ 0.08326Gtau179+ 0.08326Gtau180)/Gtau


pdgid: S035R1
type: h
text:
To minimize the effect of experiments with large systematic errors, we exclude experiments which together would contribute 5% of the weight in the average.


pdgid: S035R42
type: h
text:
Gtau11/Gtau = (Gtau14+ Gtau16+ Gtau20+ Gtau23+ Gtau27+ Gtau28+ Gtau30+ 0.15344Gtau36+ 0.15344Gtau38+ 0.15344Gtau41+ 0.15344Gtau43+ 0.0942Gtau48+ 0.0942Gtau52+ 0.71946Gtau150+ 0.71946Gtau152+ 0.71946Gtau154+ 0.1107Gtau156+ 0.08326Gtau178+ 0.08326Gtau179+ 0.08326Gtau180)/Gtau


pdgid: S035C01
type: h
text:
Gtau12/Gtau = (Gtau14+ Gtau16+ Gtau20+ Gtau23+ Gtau27+ Gtau28+ Gtau30+ 0.32562Gtau150+ 0.32562Gtau152+ 0.32562Gtau154)/Gtau


pdgid: S035R44
type: h
text:
Gtau17/Gtau = (Gtau20+ Gtau23+ Gtau27+ Gtau28+ Gtau30+ 0.15344Gtau36+ 0.15344Gtau38+ 0.15344Gtau41+ 0.15344Gtau43+ 0.09419Gtau48+ 0.0942Gtau52+ 0.32562Gtau150+ 0.32562Gtau152+ 0.32562Gtau154)/Gtau


pdgid: S035R97
type: h
text:
Gtau24/Gtau = (Gtau27+ Gtau28+ Gtau30+ 0.15344Gtau41+ 0.15344Gtau43+ 0.0942Gtau48+ 0.0942Gtau52+ 0.32562Gtau150+ 0.32562Gtau152+ 0.32562Gtau154+ 0.0501Gtau156)/Gtau


pdgid: S035R08
type: h
text:
In the fit, Gamma(tau- --> a_1(1260) nu_tau --> pi- gamma nu_tau)/Gamma(total) is set equal to (Gamma(tau- --> pi- 2pi0 nu_tau (ex.K0)) + Gamma(tau- --> pi- pi+ pi- nu_tau (ex.K0,omega))/Gamma(total) x B( a_1(1260) --> pi gamma )/(1 - B( a_1(1260) --> pi gamma)) and B(a_1(1260) --> pi gamma) = Gamma(a_1(1260) --> pi gamma)/Gamma( total)**a_{{1}}(1260) is a nuisance fit variable with a chi^2 term corresponding to its estimate in reference SCHAEL 2005C.


pdgid: S035R27
type: h
text:
Gtau33/Gtau = (Gtau16+ Gtau23+ Gtau28+ Gtau38+ Gtau43+ 0.71946Gtau152+ 0.71946Gtau154+ 0.1049Gtau170)/Gtau


pdgid: S035B43
type: h
text:
Gtau34/Gtau = (&frac12Gtau36+ &frac12Gtau38+ &frac12Gtau41+ &frac12Gtau43+ &frac12Gtau45+ Gtau48+ Gtau49+ Gtau52+ Gtau56+ 0.35973Gtau156+ 0.33641Gtau170)/Gtau


pdgid: S035R31
type: h
text:
Gtau62/Gtau = (0.34598Gtau36+ 0.34598Gtau38+ 0.34598Gtau41+ 0.34598Gtau43+ 0.4247Gtau48+ 0.69195Gtau49+ 0.4247Gtau52+ 0.69195Gtau56+ 0.6534Gtau61+ Gtau70+ Gtau78+ Gtau85+ Gtau86+ Gtau97+ Gtau103+ Gtau106+ Gtau107+ 0.28054Gtau150+ 0.28054Gtau152+ 0.28054Gtau154+ 0.2628Gtau156+ 0.7259Gtau170+ 0.9078Gtau178+ 0.9078Gtau179+ 0.9078Gtau180)/Gtau


pdgid: S035B63
type: h
text:
Gtau63/Gtau = (Gtau70+ Gtau78+ Gtau85+ Gtau86+ Gtau97+ Gtau103+ Gtau106+ Gtau107+ 0.28054Gtau150+ 0.28054Gtau152+ 0.28054Gtau154+ 0.49888Gtau170+ 0.9078Gtau178+ 0.9078Gtau179+ 0.9078Gtau180)/Gtau


pdgid: S035R28
type: h
text:
Gtau64/Gtau = (0.34598Gtau36+ 0.34598Gtau38+ Gtau70+ Gtau97+ Gtau106+ 0.49888Gtau170+ 0.01535Gtau178+ 0.01535Gtau179)/Gtau


pdgid: S035B64
type: h
text:
Gtau65/Gtau63 = (Gtau70+ Gtau97+ Gtau106+ 0.49888Gtau170+ 0.01535Gtau178+ 0.01535Gtau179)/(0.4247Gtau52+ Gtau70+ Gtau78+ Gtau85+ Gtau89+ Gtau97+ Gtau103+ Gtau106+ Gtau107+ 0.28054Gtau150+ 0.23019Gtau151+ 0.28054Gtau152+ 0.28054Gtau154+ 0.1131Gtau156+ 0.32562Gtau160+ 0.49888Gtau170+ 0.9078Gtau178+ 0.9078Gtau179+ 0.9078Gtau180+ 0.89246Gtau182)


pdgid: S035R30
type: h
text:
Gtau71/Gtau = (0.34598Gtau41+ 0.34598Gtau43+ 0.4247Gtau48+ 0.4247Gtau52+ Gtau78+ Gtau85+ Gtau86+ Gtau103+ Gtau107+ 0.28054Gtau150+ 0.28054Gtau152+ 0.28054Gtau154+ 0.2926Gtau156+ 0.89246Gtau178+ 0.89246Gtau179+ 0.9078Gtau180)/Gtau


pdgid: S035B78
type: h
text:
Gtau72/Gtau = (Gtau78+ Gtau85+ Gtau86+ Gtau103+ Gtau107+ 0.23019Gtau150+ 0.23019Gtau152+ 0.23019Gtau154+ 0.89246Gtau178+ 0.89246Gtau179+ 0.9078Gtau180)/Gtau


pdgid: S035B76
type: h
text:
Gtau73/Gtau = (0.34598Gtau41+ 0.34598Gtau43+ Gtau78+ Gtau103+ Gtau107+ 0.23019Gtau152+ 0.89246Gtau178+ 0.89246Gtau179+ 0.01535Gtau180)/Gtau


pdgid: S035B53
type: h
text:
Gtau74/Gtau = (Gtau78+ Gtau103+ Gtau107+ 0.23019Gtau152+ 0.89246Gtau178+ 0.89246Gtau179+ 0.01535Gtau180)/Gtau


pdgid: S035B25
type: h
text:
Gtau84/Gtau62 = (Gtau85+ 0.23019Gtau150+ 0.23019Gtau154+ 0.89246Gtau180)/(0.34598Gtau36+ 0.34598Gtau38+ 0.34598Gtau41+ 0.34598Gtau43+ 0.4247Gtau48+ 0.69195Gtau49+ 0.8494Gtau52+ 0.69195Gtau56+ 0.6534Gtau61+ Gtau70+ Gtau78+ Gtau85+ Gtau89+ Gtau97+ Gtau103+ Gtau106+ Gtau107+ 0.28054Gtau150+ 0.23019Gtau151+ 0.28054Gtau152+ 0.28054Gtau154+ 0.3759Gtau156+ 0.32562Gtau160+ 0.7259Gtau170+ 0.9078Gtau178+ 0.9078Gtau179+ 0.9078Gtau180+ 0.89246Gtau182)


pdgid: S035R34
type: h
text:
Gtau90/Gtau = (0.34598Gtau38+ 0.34598Gtau43+ Gtau97+ Gtau103+ Gtau106+ Gtau107+ 0.28054Gtau152+ 0.49888Gtau170+ 0.9078Gtau179)/Gtau


pdgid: S035C34
type: h
text:
Gtau92/Gtau77 = (Gtau103+ Gtau107+ 0.23019Gtau152+ 0.89246Gtau179)/(Gtau78+ 0.89246Gtau178+ 0.01535Gtau180)


pdgid: S035B45
type: h
text:
Gtau130/Gtau = (Gtau30+ &frac12Gtau45+ Gtau48+ &frac12Gtau61+ Gtau85+ Gtau117+ 0.5559Gtau150+ 0.89246Gtau180)/Gtau


pdgid: S035C47
type: h
text:
Gtau134/Gtau = (Gtau10+ Gtau16+ Gtau23+ Gtau28+ Gtau36+ Gtau41+ Gtau45+ Gtau61+ Gtau97+ Gtau103+ Gtau120+ Gtau127+ Gtau152+ Gtau154+ Gtau156+ 0.8312Gtau170+ Gtau179)/Gtau


pdgid: S035R14
type: h
text:
(Gtau178+ Gtau179)/Gtau74 = (Gtau178+ Gtau179)/(Gtau78+ Gtau103+ Gtau107+ 0.23019Gtau152+ 0.89246Gtau178+ 0.89246Gtau179+ 0.01535Gtau180)


pdgid: S035B26
type: h
text:
Gtau180/Gtau62 = Gtau180/(0.34598Gtau36+ 0.34598Gtau38+ 0.34598Gtau41+ 0.34598Gtau43+ 0.4247Gtau48+ 0.69195Gtau49+ 0.8494Gtau52+ 0.69195Gtau56+ 0.6534Gtau61+ Gtau70+ Gtau78+ Gtau85+ Gtau89+ Gtau97+ Gtau103+ Gtau106+ Gtau107+ 0.28054Gtau150+ 0.23019Gtau151+ 0.28054Gtau152+ 0.28054Gtau154+ 0.3759Gtau156+ 0.32562Gtau160+ 0.7259Gtau170+ 0.9078Gtau178+ 0.9078Gtau179+ 0.9078Gtau180+ 0.89246Gtau182)


pdgid: S025MS
type: h
text:
These experiments assumed that a fourth generation L+- decayed to a fourth generation nu_{{L}} (or L0) where nu_{{L}} was stable, or that L+- decays to a light nu_{{{{\mathit \ell}}}} via mixing.      See the ``Quark and Lepton Compositeness, Searches for'' Listings for limits on radiatively decaying excited leptons, i.e. lepton^* --> lepton gamma. See the ``WIMPs and other Particle Searches'' section for heavy charged particle search limits in which the charged particle could be a lepton.


pdgid: S066MAE
type: h
text:
Those limits given below are for the square root of  m(nu_{{e}})**2(eff)==Sum(i)|U(ei)|**2 mass**2(nu_{{i}}). Limits that come from the kinematics of  ^3H beta- nubar decay are the square roots of the limits for m(nu_{{e}})**2(eff).  Obtained from the measurements reported in the Listings for ``nubar Mass Squared,'' below.


pdgid: S066M2E
type: h
text:
Given troubling systematics which result in improbably negative estimators of m(nu_{{e}})**2(eff)==Sum(i)|U(ei)|**2 mass**2(nu_{{i}}), in many experiments, we use only KRAUS 2005, LOBASHEV 1999, and AKER 2022 for our average.


pdgid: S066MNE
type: h
text:
These are measurement of mass(nu) (in contrast to mass(nubar), given above).  The masses can be different for a Dirac neutrino in the absence of CPT invariance. The possible distinction between nu and nubar properties is usually ignored elsewhere in these Listings.


pdgid: S066MNM
type: h
text:
Limits given below are for the square root of  m(nu_{{\mu}})**2(eff)==Sum(i)|U(mui)|**2 mass**2(nu_{{i}}).      In some of the COSM papers listed below, the authors did not distinguish between weak and mass eigenstates.      OUR EVALUATION is based on OUR AVERAGE for the pi+- mass and the ASSAMAGAN 1996 value for the muon momentum for the pi+ decay at rest.  The limit is calculated using the unified classical analysis of FELDMAN 1998 for a Gaussian distribution near a physical boundary.  WARNING: since m(nu_{{\mu}})**2(eff) is calculated from the differences of large numbers, it and the corresponding limits are extraordinarily sensitive to small changes in the pion mass, the decay muon momentum, and their errors.  For example, the limits obtained using JECKELMANN 1994, LENZ 1998, and the weighted averages are 0.15, 0.29, and 0.19 MeV, respectively.


pdgid: S066MNT
type: h
text:
The limits given below are the square roots of limits for  m(nu_{{\tau}})**2(eff)==Sum(i)|U(taui)|**2 mass**2(nu_{{i}}).      In some of the ASTR and COSM papers listed below, the authors did not distinguish between weak and mass eigenstates.


pdgid: S066MNS
type: h
text:
This is a sum of the neutrino masses, mass(tot), as defined in the above note, of effectively stable neutrinos, i.e. those with mean lifetimes on cosmological scales. When necessary, we have generalized the results reported so they apply to mass(tot). For other limits, see SZALAY 1976, VYSOTSKY 1977, BERNSTEIN 1981, FREESE 1984,  SCHRAMM 1984, and COWSIK 1985. For more information see a note on "Neutrinos in Cosmology" in this Review.


pdgid: S066TMR
type: h
text:
Measures [Sum|U(lepton j)|**2 Gamma(j) mass(j)]**-1, where the sum is over mass eigenstates which cannot be resolved experimentally. Some of the limits constrain the radiative decay and are based on the limit of the corresponding photon flux. Other apply to the decay of a heavier neutrino into the lighter one and a Majoron or other invisible particle. Many of these limits apply to any nu within the indicated mass range.      Limits on the radiative decay are either directly based on the limits of the corresponding photon flux, or are derived from the limits on the neutrino magnetic moments. In the later case the transition rate for nu_i --> nu_j + gamma is constrained by Gamma(ij) = 1/tau(ij) = (m(i)**2 - m(j)**2)**3/m(i)**3 mu(ij)**2 where mu(ij) is the neutrino transition moment in the mass eigenstates basis. Typically, the limits on lifetime based on the magnetic moments are many orders of magnitude more restrictive than limits based on the nonobservation of photons.


pdgid: S066MGM
type: h
text:
The coupling of neutrinos to an electromagnetic field is a characterized by a 3x3 matrix lambda of the magnetic (mu) and electric (d) dipole moments (lambda = mu - id). For Majorana neutrinos the matrix lambda is antisymmetric and only transition moments are allowed, while for Dirac neutrinos lambda is a general 3x3 matrix. In the standard electroweak theory extended to include neutrino masses (see FUJIKAWA 1980) mu_{{\nu}} = 3eG_{{F}}mass(nu)/(8pi**2sqrt(2)) = 3.2x10**-19(mass(nu)/eV)mu_{{B}}, i.e. it is unobservably small given the known small neutrino masses. In more general models there is no longer a proportionality between neutrino mass and its magnetic moment, even though only massive neutrinos have nonvanishing magnetic moments without fine tuning.      Laboratory bounds on lambda are obtained via elastic nu-e scattering, where the scattered neutrino is not observed. The combinations of matrix elements of lambda that are constrained by various experiments depend on the initial neutrino flavor and on its propagation between source and detector (e.g., solar nu_{{e}} and reactor nubar_{{e}} do not constrain the same combinations). The listings below therefore identify the initial neutrino flavor.      Other limits, e.g. from various stellar cooling processes, apply to all neutrino flavors. Analogous flavor independent, but weaker, limits are obtained from the analysis of e+ e- --> nu nubar gamma collider experiments.


pdgid: S066CRD
type: h
text:
We report limits on the so-called neutrino charge radius squared. While the straight-forward definition of a neutrino charge radius has been proven to be gauge-dependent and, hence, unphysical (LEE 1977C), there have been recent attempts to define a physically observable neutrino charge radius (BERNABEU 2000, BERNABEU 2002). The issue is still controversial (FUJIKAWA 2003, BERNABEU 2003). A more general interpretation of the experimental results is that they are limits on certain nonstandard contributions to neutrino scattering.


pdgid: S007NI
type: h
text:
In the following, the invisible Z width is obtained from studies of single-photon events from the reaction e+ e- --> nu nubar gamma.  All are obtained from LEP runs in the e+ e- Ecm range 88 -- 209 GeV.


pdgid: S007N
type: h
text:
``Light'' means here with a mass < about 1 MeV. The quoted values correspond to N(eff),  where N(eff) = 3.045 in the Standard Model with N(nu) = 3. See also reviews on "Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis" and "Neutrinos in Cosmology."


pdgid: S076H0N
type: h
text:
In most cases the transitions (Z,A)-->(Z+2,A) +2e- to the 0+ ground state of the final nucleus are listed. We also list transitions that decrease the nuclear charge (2e+, e+ CC and double EC) and transitions to an excited state of the final nucleus (0(i)**+, 2+, and 2(i)**+). In the following Listings only the best or comparable limits for the half-lives of each transition are reported and only those with about T(1/2)>10**23 years that are relevant for particle physics.


pdgid: S076H2N
type: h
text:
The measured half-life values for the transitions (Z,A)-->(Z+2,A) + 2e- + 2nubar_{{e}} to the 0+ ground state of the final nucleus are listed. We also list the transitions to an excited state of the final nucleus (0(i)**+, etc.). We report only the measuremetnts with the smallest (or comparable) uncertainty for each transition.


pdgid: S076MW
type: h
text:
<mass(ee)> = |SigmaU( ei)** 2mass(nu_{{i}})|, i = 1,2,3. It is assumed that nu_{{i}} are Majorana particles and that the transition is dominated by the known (light) neutrinos. Note that U( ei)** 2 and not |U(ei)|**2 occur in the sum, and that consequently cancellations are possible. The experiments obtain the limits on <mass(nu)> from the measured ones on T_{{1/2}}() using a range of nuclear matrix elements (NME), which is reflected in the spread of <mass(nu)>. Different experiments may choose different NME. All assume g_{{A}} = 1.27. In the following Listings, only the best or comparable limits for each isotope are reported. When not mentioned explicitly the transition is between ground states, but transitions between excited states are also reported.


pdgid: S076ETA
type: h
text:
Considering that a number of experiments earlier than 1989 did not distinguish between lambda and eta, we list only results from that year on. <lambda> = lambda sum U(ej)V(ej) and <eta> = eta sum U(ej)V(ej), where the sum is over the number of neutrino generations.  This sum vanishes for massless or unmixed neutrinos. In the following Listings, only best or comparable limits or lifetimes for each isotope are reported.


pdgid: S067AER
type: h
text:
Some neutrino oscillation experiments compare the flux in two or more detectors. This is usually quoted as the ratio of the event rate in the far detector to the expected rate based on an extrapolation from the near detector in the absence of oscillations.


pdgid: S067RER
type: h
text:
The quoted values are the ratios of the measured reactor nubar_{{e}} event rate at the quoted distances, and the rate expected without oscillations. The expected rate is based on the experimental data for the most significant reactor fuels (U235, Pu239, Pu241) and on calculations for U238.      A recent re-evaluation of the spectral conversion of electron to nubar_{{e}} in MUELLER 2011 results in an upward shift of the reactor nubar_{{e}} spectrum by 3% and, thus, might require revisions to the ratios listed in this table.


pdgid: S067SES
type: h
text:
B8 solar-neutrino flux measured via nu e elastic scattering. This process is sensitive to all active neutrino flavors, but with reduced sensitivity to nu_{{\mu}}, nu_{{\tau}} due to the cross-section difference, sigma(nu_mu, tau e) ~0.16sigma(nu_e e). If the B8 solar-neutrino flux involves nonelectron flavor active neutrinos, their contribution to the flux is ~0.16 times of nu_{{e}}.


pdgid: S067SCC
type: h
text:
B8 solar-neutrino flux measured with charged-current reaction which is sensitive exclusively to nu_{{e}}.


pdgid: S067SNC
type: h
text:
B8 solar neutrino flux measured with neutral-current reaction, which is equally sensitive to nu_{{e}}, nu_{{\mu}}, and nu_{{\tau}}.


pdgid: S067SB8
type: h
text:
Nonelectron-flavor active neutrino component (nu_{{\mu}} and nu_{{\tau}}) in the B8 solar-neutrino flux.


pdgid: S067PBE
type: h
text:
Be7 solar-neutrino flux measured via nu_{{e}} elastic scattering. This process is sensitive to all active neutrino flavors, but with reduced sensitivity to nu_{{\mu}}, nu_{{\tau}} due to the cross-section difference, sigma(nu_mu, tau e) ~0.2 sigma(nu_e e). If the Be7 solar-neutrino flux involves nonelectron flavor active neutrinos, their contribution to the flux is ~0.2 times that of nu_{{e}}.


pdgid: S067PEP
type: h
text:
p e p solar-neutrino flux measured via nu_{{e}} elastic scattering. This process is sensitive to all active neutrino flavors, but with reduced sensitivity to nu_{{\mu}}, nu_{{\tau}} due to the cross section difference, sigma(nu(mu,tau) e) ~ 0.2 CS(nu_e e). If the p e p solar-neutrino flux involves non-electron flavor active neutrinos, their contribution to the flux is ~ 0.2 times that of nu_{{e}}.


pdgid: S067CNO
type: h
text:
CNO solar-neutrino flux measured via nu_{{e}} elastic scattering. This process is sensitive to all active neutrino flavors, but with reduced sensitivity to nu_{{\mu}}, nu_{{\tau}} due to the cross section difference, sigma(nu(mu,tau) e) ~ 0.2 CS(nu_e e). If the CNO solar-neutrino flux involves non-electron flavor active neutrinos, their contribution to the flux is ~ 0.2 times that of nu_{{e}}.


pdgid: S067PPC
type: h
text:
p p solar-neutrino flux measured via nu e elastic scattering. This process is sensitive to all active neutrino flavors, but with reduced sensitivity to nu_{{\mu}}, nu_{{\tau}} due to the cross section difference, CS(nu(mu,tau) e) ~ 0.3 CS(nu_e e). If the p p solar-neutrino flux involves nonelectron flavor active neutrinos, their contribution to the flux is ~ 0.3 times of nu_{{e}}.


pdgid: S067PPF
type: h
text:
pp solar-neutrino flux measured with charged-current reaction which is sensitive exclusively to nu_{{e}}.


pdgid: S067HEP
type: h
text:
hep solar-neutrino flux measured via nu e elastic scattering. This process is sensitive to all active neutrino flavors, but with reduced sensitivity to nu_{{\mu}}, nu_{{\tau}} due to the cross-section difference, sigma(nu_mu, tau e) ~0.16sigma(nu_e e). If the hep solar-neutrino flux involves nonelectron flavor active neutrinos, their contribution to the flux is ~0.16 times of nu_{{e}}.


pdgid: S067EB8
type: h
text:
Searches are made for electron antineutrino flux from the Sun. Flux limits listed here are derived relative to the BS05(OP) Standard Solar Model B8 solar neutrino flux (5.69E6 cm**-2s**-1), with an assumption that solar nubar_{{e}}s follow an unoscillated B8 neutrino spectrum.


pdgid: S067P23
type: h
text:
The reported limits below correspond to the projection onto the sin**2(theta(23)) axis of the 90% CL contours in the sin**2(theta(23)) - Deltamass**2(32) plane presented by the authors. Unless otherwise specified, the limits are 90% CL and the reported uncertainties are 68% CL.      If an experiment reports sin**2(2theta(23)) we convert the value to sin**2(theta(23)).


pdgid: S067DM1
type: h
text:
The sign of Deltam(32)**2 is not known at this time. If given, values are shown separately for the normal and inverted mass ordering. Unless otherwise specified, the ranges below correspond to the projection onto the Deltam(32)**2 axis of the 90% CL contours in the sin**2(2theta(23)) - Deltam(32)**2 plane presented by the authors. If uncertainties are reported with the value, they correspond to one standard deviation uncertainty.


pdgid: S067P13
type: h
text:
At present time direct measurements of sin**2(theta(13)) are derived from the reactor nubar_{{e}} disappearance at distances corresponding to the  Deltam(32)**2 value, i.e. L ~ 1km.  Alternatively, limits can also be obtained from the analysis of the solar neutrino data and accelerator-based nu_mu --> nu_e experiments.      If an experiment reports sin**2(2theta(13)) we convert the value to sin**2(theta(13)).


pdgid: S067DEL
type: h
text:
Measurements of delta come from atmospheric and accelarator experiments looking at nu_{{e}} appearance. We encode values between 0 and 2pi, though it is equivalent to use -pi to pi.


pdgid: S077A00
type: h
text:
Quoted limits are either the best limit near the kinematic threshold of the experiment, or a characteristic value in the mass range of the experimental sensitivity


pdgid: Q001M
type: h
text:
The d-, u-, and s-quark masses are estimates of so-called ``current-quark masses,'' with ratios mass(u)/mass(d) and mass(s)/mass(d) extracted from pion and kaon masses using chiral symmetry. The estimates of d and u masses are not without controversy and remain under active investigation. Within the literature there are even suggestions that the uquark could be essentially massless. The s-quark mass is estimated from SU(3) splitting in hadron masses.


pdgid: Q123UM
type: h
text:
The u-, d-, and s-quark masses are estimates of so-called ``current-quark masses,'' in a mass- independent subtraction scheme such as MSbar. The ratios mass(u)/mass(d) and mass(s)/mass(d) are extracted from pion and kaon masses using chiral symmetry. The estimates of d and u masses are not without controversy and remain under active investigation. Within the literature there are even suggestions that the uquark could be essentially massless. The s-quark mass is estimated from SU(3) splittings in hadron masses.      We have normalized the MSbar masses at a renormalization scale of mu = 2 GeV. Results quoted in the literature at mu = 1 GeV have been rescaled by dividing by 1.35. The values of ``Our Evaluation'' were determined in part via Figures2 and 3 in the ``Quark masses'' review.


pdgid: Q123DM
type: h
text:
See the comment for the u quark above.      We have normalized the MSbar masses at a renormalization scale of mu = 2 GeV. Results quoted in the literature at mu = 1 GeV have been rescaled by dividing by 1.35. The values of ``Our Evaluation'' were determined in part via Figures2 and 3 in the ``Quark masses'' review.


pdgid: Q123MR4
type: h
text:
See the comments for the u quark above.      We have normalized the MSbar masses at a renormalization scale of mu = 2 GeV. Results quoted in the literature at mu = 1 GeV have been rescaled by dividing by 1.35. The values of ``Our Evaluation'' were determined in part via Figures2 and 3 in the ``Quark masses'' review.


pdgid: Q123SM
type: h
text:
See the comment for the u quark above.      We have normalized the MSbar masses at a renormalization scale of mu = 2 GeV. Results quoted in the literature at mu = 1 GeV have been rescaled by dividing by 1.35.


pdgid: Q004M
type: h
text:
The c-quark mass corresponds to the ``running'' mass mass(c) (mu = mass(c)) in the MSbar scheme. We have converted masses in other schemes to the MSbar scheme using two-loop QCD perturbation theory with alpha_{{s}}(mu=mass(c)) = 0.38+-0.03. The value  for the MSbar mass corresponds to 1.67+-0.07 GeV for the pole mass (see the ``Note on Quark Masses'').


pdgid: Q005M
type: h
text:
b-quark mass corresponds to the ``running mass'' mbar_{{b}}(mu = mbar_{{b}}) in the MSbar scheme. We have converted masses in other schemes to the MSbar mass using two-loop QCD perturbation theory with alpha_{{s}}(mu = mbar_{{b}}) = 0.223+-0.008. The value  for the MSbar mass corresponds to 4.78+-0.06 GeV for the pole mass, using the two-loop conversion formula. A discussion of masses in different schemes can be found in the ``Note on Quark Masses.''


pdgid: Q007TP
type: h
text:
The following measurements extract a t-quark mass from the kinematics of t tbar events. They are sensitive to the top quark mass used in the MC generator that is usually interpreted as the pole mass, but the theoretical uncertainty in this interpretation is hard to quantify. See the review ``The Top Quark'' and references therein for more information.      OUR AVERAGE of  is an average of top mass measurements from LHC and Tevatron Runs. The latest Tevatron average, 174.30+-0.35+-0.54 GeV, was provided by the Tevatron Electroweak Working Group (TEVEWWG).


pdgid: Q007TP2
type: h
text:
The top quark MSbar or pole mass can be extracted from a measurement of CS(t tbar) by using theory calculations. We quote below the MSbar mass. See the review ``The Top Quark'' and references therein for more information.


pdgid: Q007A02
type: h
text:
Assumed that the top-quark-related CKM matrix elements obey the relation |V(td)|, |V(ts)|<<|V(tb)| and a form factor f(LV) is determined for each production mode and centre-of-mass energy.


pdgid: Q007A05
type: h
text:
Assumed that the top-quark-related CKM matrix elements obey the relation |V(td)|,|V(ts)| << |V(tb)| and a form factor f(LV) is determined for each production mode andcentre-of-mass energy.


pdgid: Q007SC
type: h
text:
C is the correlation strength parameter, f is the ratio of events with correlated t and tbar spins (SM prediction: f = 1), and kappa is the spin correlation coefficient. See "The Top Quark" review for more information.


pdgid: Q007TSC
type: h
text:
Spin correlation, f(SM), measures the strength of the correlation between the spins of the pair produced ttbar. f(SM) =1 for the SM, while f(SM) =0 for no spin correlation.


pdgid: Q007STB
type: h
text:
Direct probes of the t b W coupling and possible new physics at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV.  OUR AVERAGE assumes that the systematic uncertainties are uncorrelated.


pdgid: Q007TXA
type: h
text:
Only the final combined t tbar production cross sections obtained from Tevatron RunI by the CDF and D0 experiments are quoted below.


pdgid: Q007TX
type: h
text:
Unless otherwise noted the first quoted error is from statistics, the second from systematic uncertainties, and the third from luminosity. If only two errors are quoted the luminosity is included in the systematic uncertainties.


pdgid: Q007AC7
type: h
text:
A(C) = (N(Delta|y|>0) - N(Delta|y|<0) ) /  (N(Delta|y|>0) + N(Delta|y|<0) ) where  Delta|y| = |y(t)| - |y(tbar)|  is the difference between the absolute values of the top and antitop rapidities and N is the number of events with Delta|y| positive or negative.


pdgid: Q007PL7
type: h
text:
The double differential distribution in polar angles, theta_{{1}} (theta_{{2}}) of the decay particle of the top (anti-top) decay products, is parametrized as (1/sigma)dsigma/(dcos(theta_{{1}}) dcos(theta_{{2}})) = (1/4) ( 1 + A(t) cos(theta_{{1}}) + A(tbar) cos(theta_{{2}}) - C cos(theta_{{1}}) cos(theta_{{2}}) ). The charged lepton is used to tag t or tbar. The coefficient A(t) and A(tbar) measure the average helicity of t and tbar, respectively. A(CPC) = A(t) = A(tbar) assumes CP conservation, whereas A(CPV) = A(t) = -A(tbar) corresponds to maximal CP violation.


pdgid: Q008BPE
type: h
text:
Search for hadrons containing a fourth-generation -1/3 quark denoted b^'.      The last column specifies the assumption for the decay mode (C C denotes the conventional charged-current decay) and the event signature which is looked for.


pdgid: S027F
type: h
text:
Shielding values followed with an asterisk indicate altitude in km. Shielding values not followed with an asterisk indicate sea level in kg/cm**2.


pdgid: S008M
type: h
text:
The most accurate charged pion mass measurements are based upon x-ray wavelength measurements for transitions in pi--mesonic atoms.  The observed line is the blend of three components, corresponding to different K-shell occupancies.  JECKELMANN 1994 revisits the occupancy question, with the conclusion that two sets of occupancy ratios, resulting in two different pion masses (Solutions A and B), are equally probable. We choose the higher SolutionB since only this solution is consistent with a positive mass-squared for the muon neutrino, given the precise muon momentum measurements now available (DAUM 1991, ASSAMAGAN 1994, and ASSAMAGAN 1996) for the decay of pions at rest.  Earlier mass determinations with pi-mesonic atoms may have used incorrect K-shell screening corrections.      Measurements with an error of >0.005 MeV have been omitted from this Listing.


pdgid: S008R2
type: h
text:
See note [a] in the list of pi+ decay modes just above, and see also the next block of data. See also the note on ``Decay Constants of Charged Pseudoscalar Mesons'' in the D_{{s}}()+ Listings.


pdgid: S008R10
type: h
text:
See note [a] in the list of pi+ decay modes above. See NUMAO 1992 for a discussion of e-mu universality. See also the note on ``Decay Constants of Charged Pseudoscalar Mesons'' in the D_{{s}}()+ Listings.


pdgid: S008R4
type: h
text:
The very different values reflect the very different kinematic ranges covered (bigger range, bigger value). And none of them covers the whole kinematic range.


pdgid: S008R6
type: h
text:
Forbidden by total lepton number conservation. See the note on ``Decay Constants of Charged Pseudoscalar Mesons'' in the D_{{s}}()+ Listings.


pdgid: S008CR
type: h
text:
The charge radius of the pion sqrt(<r(pi)**2>) is defined in relation to the form factor of the pion electromagnetic vertex, called vector form factor VFF, F(pi)**V.  The VFF is a function of the squared four-momentum transfer t,  or of the squared c.m. energy s, depending on the channel in which the photon exchange takes place. In both cases, it is related to the slope of the VFF at zero, namely    The quantity cannot be measured directly. It can be extracted from the cross sections of three processes: pion electroproduction, e N --> e N pi, and pion electron scattering e pi --> e pi, for the t channel, and positron electron annihilation into two charged pions, e+ e- --> pi+ pi-, for the s channel. We encode all measurements, but we do not use electroproduction data in averaging because the extraction of the pion radius involves, in this case, theoretical uncertainties that cannot be controlled at the needed level of accuracy. In case of analyses based on the same data set, as ANANTHANARAYAN 2017 and COLANGELO 2019, which cannot be averaged, we combine the results into a common value, with the uncertainty range chosen to cover both analyses. Note that for consistency the form factor needs to be defined in both channels with the vacuum polarisation removed.  For details see COLANGELO 2019 or Appendix B of ANANTHANARAYAN 2016A.


pdgid: S009M
type: h
text:
The value is calculated from mass(pi+-) and (mass(pi+-)-mass(pi0)). See also the notes under the pi+- Mass Listings.


pdgid: S009T
type: h
text:
Most experiments measure the pi0 width which we convert to a lifetime. ATHERTON 1985 is  the only direct measurement of the pi0 lifetime. The two Primakoff measurements from 1970 have  been excluded from our average because they suffered model-related systematics unknown at the time.  More information on the pi0 lifetime can be found in BERNSTEIN 2013.


pdgid: S009R13
type: h
text:
Experimental results are listed; branching ratios corrected for radiative effects are given in the footnotes. BERMAN 1960 found B(pi0 --> e+ e-)>=4.69E-8 via an exact QED calculation.


pdgid: S009R00
type: h
text:
The limits apply to all "invisible" channels, including in particular neutrino-antineutrino final states, obtained with laboratory experiments. Astrophysical and cosmological limits exist  and are many orders of magnitude lower, but they are model dependent.


pdgid: S014M
type: h
text:
Recent measurements resolve the obvious inconsistency in previous eta mass measurements in favor of the higher value first reported by NA48 (LAI 2002). We use only precise measurements consistent with this higher mass value for our eta mass average.


pdgid: S014W
type: h
text:
This is the partial decay rate Gamma(eta --> gamma gamma) divided by the fitted branching fraction for that mode. See the note at the start of the Gamma(2gamma) data block, next below.


pdgid: S014W1
type: h
text:
See the table immediately above giving the fitted decay rates. Following the advice of NEFKENS 2002, we have removed the Primakoff-effect measurement from the average. See also the ``Note on the Decay Width Gamma(eta --> gamma gamma),'' in our 1994 edition, Phys. Rev. D50, 1 August 1994, PartI, p.1451, for a discussion of the various measurements.


pdgid: S014AET
type: h
text:
In the eta rest frame, the total momentum of the e+ e- pair is equal and opposite to that of the pi+ pi- pair. Let zhat be the unit vector along the momentum of the e+ e- pair; let nhat(ee) and nhat(pi pi) be the unit vectors normal to the e+ e- and pi+ pi- planes; and let phi be the angle between the two normals.  Then


pdgid: S014DP
type: h
text:
See the ``Note on eta Decay Parameters,'' page 1454,  in our 1994 edition (Physical Review  D50 1173 (1994)). The following experiments fit to one or more of the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f or g for |matrix element|**2 = 1 + a*y + b*(y**2) + c*x + d*(x**2) + e*x*y + f*y**3 + g*x**2*y.


pdgid: S014A0
type: h
text:
See the ``Note on eta Decay Parameters'' in our 1994 edition, Phys. Rev. D50, 1 August 1994, PartI, p.1454. The value here is of alpha in |matrix element|**2 = 1 + 2*alpha*z.


pdgid: S014LAM
type: h
text:
In the pole approximation the electromagnetic transition form factor for a resonance of mass M is given by the expression:         |F|**2 = (1 - M(lepton lepton)**2/Lambda^2)**-2,  where for the parameter Lambda vector dominance predicts  Lambda ~~ 0.770 GeV.


pdgid: M009R
type: h
text:
The range parameter R enters an energy-dependent correction to the width, of the form (1 + q(r)**2 R**2) / (1 + q**2 R**2), where q is the momentum of one of the pions in the pi pi rest system. At resonance, q = q(r).


pdgid: M001R21
type: h
text:
NIECKNIG 2012 describes final-state interactions between the three pions in a dispersive framework using data on the pi pi P-wave scattering phase shift.


pdgid: M001A00
type: h
text:
The following experiments fit to one or more of the coefficients alpha, beta, gamma for |matrix element|**2 is proportional to P (1 + 2alpha Z + 2beta Z**3/2 sin(3phi) + 2gammaZ**2 + O(Z**5/2)) where P is the P-wave phase-space factor and Z, phi are kinematical variables as defined in ADLARSON 2017.


pdgid: M002FFL
type: h
text:
Related to the effective virtual meson mass Lambda, via slope ~~ Lambda**-2. See e.g. LANDSBERG 1985, eq. (3.8),  for a detailed definition.


pdgid: M003W1
type: h
text:
Width determination very model dependent. Peak width in pi pi is about 50 MeV, but decay width can be much larger.


pdgid: M005W8
type: h
text:
The value of this width depends on the theoretical model used. Unitary approaches with scalars typically  (with exception of PENNINGTON 2008) give values clustering around 2.6 keV; without an S-wave contribution,  values are systematically higher (typically around 3 keV).


pdgid: M005R2
type: h
text:
Should be twice G(f_2(1270) --> 2pi+ 2pi-)/G(f_2(1270) --> pi pi) if decay is rho rho.  (See ASCOLI 1968D.)


pdgid: M005R3
type: h
text:
We average only experiments which either take into account f_{{2}}(1270)-a_{{2}}(1320) interference explicitly or demonstrate that a_{{2}}(1320) production is negligible.


pdgid: S010R7
type: h
text:
We combine these two modes for experiments measuring them in xenon bubble chamber because of difficulties of separating them there.


pdgid: S010R60
type: h
text:
Structure-dependent part with +gamma helicity (SD**+ term). See the ``Note on pi+- --> lepton+- nu gamma and K+- --> lepton+- nu gamma Form Factors'' in the pi+- section of the Particle Data Listings above.


pdgid: S010R61
type: h
text:
Interference term between internal Bremsstrahlung and SD**+ term. See the ``Note on pi+- --> lepton+- nu gamma and K+- --> lepton+- nu gamma Form Factors'' in the pi+- section of the Particle Data Listings above.


pdgid: S010R62
type: h
text:
Sum of structure-dependent part with -gamma helicity (SD**- term) and interference term between internal Bremsstrahlung and SD**- term. See the ``Note on pi+- --> lepton+- nu gamma and K+- --> lepton+- nu gamma Form Factors'' in the pi+- section of the Particle Data Listings above.


pdgid: S010R79
type: h
text:
The K+ --> pi+ pi0 gamma differential decay rate can be described in terms of T(pi+), the charged pion kinetic energy, and W**2 = ( P(K) . P(gamma) ) ( P(pi+) . P(gamma) ) / (mass(K) mass(pi+))**2; then we can write d**2Gamma(K+ --> pi+ pi0 gamma) / (dT(pi+) dW**2) = d**2Gamma(K+ --> pi+ pi0 gamma)(IB) / (dT(pi+) dW**2) [1 + 2 cos(+-phi + delta(1)**1 - delta(0)**2) mass**2(pi)  mass**2(K) W**2 X(E) + m_{{\pi}}^4() m_{{K}}^4() ( X(E)**2 + X(M)**2) W**4]. The IB differential and total branching ratios are expressed in terms of the non-radiative experimental width Gamma(K+ --> pi+ pi0) by Low's theorem. Using PDG 2010 B(K+ --> pi+ pi0) = 0.2066+-0.0008, one obtains respectively B(K+ --> pi+ pi0 gamma)(IB) (55 < T(pi+) < 90 MeV)= 2.55E-4 and B(K+ --> pi+ pi0 gamma)(IB) (0 < T(pi+) < 80 MeV)= 1.80E-4. Fitting respectively the piece proportional to W**2 and the piece proportional to W**4, the interference contribution (INT), proportional to X(E), and the direct contribution (DE) proportional to X(E)**2 + X(M)**2 are extracted.


pdgid: S010R65
type: h
text:
Direct emission (DE) part of G(K+ --> pi+ pi0 gamma)/G(total), assuming that interference (INT) component is zero.


pdgid: S010R15
type: h
text:
Test for DeltaS = 1 weak neutral current.  Allowed by combined first-order weak and electromagnetic interactions.


pdgid: S010R32
type: h
text:
Test for DeltaS = 1 weak neutral current. Allowed by higher-order electroweak interactions. Branching ratio values are extrapolated from the momentum or energy regions shown in the comments assuming Standard Model phase space except for those labeled ``Scalar'' or ``Tensor'' to indicate the assumed non-Standard-Model interaction.


pdgid: S010R34
type: h
text:
Violates angular momentum conservation and gauge invariance. Current interest in this decay is as a search for non-commutative space-time effects  as discussed in ARTAMONOV 2005 and for exotic physics such as a vacuum expectation value of a new vector field, non-local Superstring effects, or departures from Lorentz invariance, as discussed in ADLER 2002B.


pdgid: S010GT
type: h
text:
Some experiments use Dalitz variables x and y.  In the comments we give a(y) = coefficient of y term.  See note above on ``Dalitz Plot Parameters for K --> 3pi Decays.'' For discussion of the conversion of a(y) to g, see the earlier version of the same note in the Review published in Physics Letters  111B 70 (1982).


pdgid: S010DG
type: h
text:
This is a CP violating asymmetry between linear coefficients g_{{+}}() for K+ --> pi+ pi+ pi- decay and g_{{-}}() for K- --> pi- pi+ pi- decay.


pdgid: S010GTP
type: h
text:
Unless otherwise stated, all experiments include terms quadratic   in (s(3) - s(0)) / (mass**2(pi+)). See note above on ``Dalitz Plot Parameters for K --> 3pi Decays.''      See BATUSOV 1998 for a discussion of the discrepancy between their result and others, especially BOLOTOV 1986.  At this time we have no way to resolve the discrepancy so we depend on the large scale factor as a warning.


pdgid: S010L+E
type: h
text:
These results are for a linear expansion only. See the next section for fits including a quadratic term. For radiative correction of the K_{{e3}}()+- Dalitz plot, see GINSBERG 1967, BECHERRAWY 1970, CIRIGLIANO 2002, CIRIGLIANO 2004, and ANDRE 2007. Results labeled OUR FIT are discussed in the review ``K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()+- and K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()0 Form Factors'' above. For earlier, lower statistics results, see the 2004 edition of this review, Physics Letters  B592 1 (2004).


pdgid: S010L+M
type: h
text:
Results labeled OUR FIT are discussed in the review ``K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()+- and K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()0 Form Factors'' above. For earlier, lower statistics results, see the 2004 edition of this review, Physics Letters  B592 1 (2004).


pdgid: S011YRE
type: h
text:
A non-zero value would violate CPT invariance in Delta(S) = Delta(Q) amplitude. Re(y) is the following combination of K_{{{e3}}} decay amplitudes:  Re(y) = Re A(Kbar0 --> e- pi+ nubar_e)*** - A(K0 --> e+ pi- nu_e)/A(Kbar0 --> e- pi+ nubar_e)*** + A(K0 --> e+ pi- nu_e)


pdgid: S011XRM
type: h
text:
A non-zero value would violate CPT invariance in decay amplitudes with Delta(S) not= Delta(Q). x(-), used here to define Re(x(-)), and x(+), used below in the  Delta(S) = Delta(Q) section are the following combinations of K_{{e3}}() decay amplitudes:  x(+-) = 1/2  A(Kbar0 --> pi- e+ nu_e)/A(K0 --> pi- e+ nu_e) +-   A(K0 --> pi+ e- nubar_e)***/A(Kbar0 --> pi+ e- nubar_e)*** .


pdgid: S011DMM
type: h
text:
A test of CPT invariance. ``Our Evaluation'' is described in the ``Tests of Conservation Laws'' section. It assumes CPT invariance in the decay and neglects some contributions from decay channels other than pi pi.


pdgid: S011XRP
type: h
text:
A non-zero value would violate the Delta(S) = Delta(Q) rule in CPT conserving transitions. x(+) is defined above in the Re(x(-)) section.


pdgid: S012R11
type: h
text:
Test for DeltaS = 1 weak neutral current.  Allowed by first-order weak interaction combined with electromagnetic interaction.


pdgid: S012ET0
type: h
text:
CPT assumed valid (i.e. Re(eta(000)) ~= 0). This limit determines branching ratio G(K0S --> 3pi0)/G(total) above.


pdgid: S012E0
type: h
text:
K0S --> pi0 pi0 pi0 violates CP conservation, in contrast to K0S --> pi+ pi- pi0 which has a CP-conserving part.


pdgid: S013D
type: h
text:
For earlier measurements, beginning with GOOD 1961 and FITCH 1961, see our 1986 edition, Physics Letters  170B 132 (1986).      OUR FIT is described in the note on ``CP violation in K_{{L}} decays'' in the K(L)0 Particle Listings. The result labeled ``OUR FIT Assuming CPT'' [``OUR FIT Not assuming CPT''] includes all measurements except those with the comment ``Not assuming CPT'' [``Assuming CPT'']. Measurements with neither comment do not assume CPT and enter both fits.


pdgid: S013R56
type: h
text:
Gamma(2 tracks) = Gamma(pi+- e-+ nu_e)  + Gamma(pi+- mu-+ nu_mu) + 0.03508 Gamma(3 pi0)  + Gamma(pi+ pi- pi0)  +~Gamma(pi+ pi-) where 0.03508 is the fraction of 3 pi0 events with one Dalitz decay (pi0 --> gamma e+ e-).


pdgid: S013R60
type: h
text:
These values assume that Gamma(KL --> pi+ pi- gamma) =  Gamma(KL --> pi+ pi- gamma(DE)) + Gamma(KL --> pi+ pi- gamma(IB)), the sum of widths for the direct emission (DE) and inner bremsstrahlung (IE) processes, with no IB-DE interference. DE assumes a form factor as described in RAMBERG 1993.


pdgid: S013R30
type: h
text:
Violates CP in leading order. Test for DeltaS = 1 weak neutral current.  Allowed by higher-order electroweak interaction.


pdgid: S013R34
type: h
text:
Violates CP in leading order. Direct and indirect CP-violating contributions are expected to be comparable and to dominate the CP-conserving part. LAI 2002B result suggests that CP-violation effects dominate. Test for DeltaS = 1 weak neutral current.  Allowed by higher-order electroweak interaction.


pdgid: S013R40
type: h
text:
Violates CP in leading order. Test of direct CP violation since the indirect CP-violating and CP-conserving contributions are expected to be suppressed. Test of  DeltaS = 1 weak neutral current.


pdgid: S013L+E
type: h
text:
For radiative correction of K_{{e3}}()0 DP, see GINSBERG 1967, BECHERRAWY 1970, CIRIGLIANO 2002, CIRIGLIANO 2004, and ANDRE 2007. Results labeled OUR FIT are discussed in the review ``K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()+- and K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()0 Form Factors'' in the K+- Listings. For earlier, lower statistics results, see the 2004 edition of this review, Physics Letters  B592 1 (2004).


pdgid: S013L+M
type: h
text:
Results labeled OUR FIT are discussed in the review ``K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()+- and K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()0 Form Factors'' in the K+- Listings. For earlier, lower statistics results, see the 2004 edition of this review, Physics Letters  B592 1 (2004).


pdgid: S013L0
type: h
text:
Wherever possible, we have converted the above values of xi(0) into values of lambda(0) using the associated lambda(+)**mu and dxi(0)/dlambda(+). Results labeled OUR FIT are discussed in the review ``K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()+- and K_{{{{\mathit \ell}} 3}}()0 Form Factors'' in the K+- Listings. For earlier, lower statistics results, see the 2004 edition of this review, Physics Letters  B592 1 (2004).


pdgid: S013LAM
type: h
text:
See the review on ``K_{{{{\mathit \ell}}3}}()+- and K_{{{{\mathit \ell}}3}}()0 Form Factors'' for details   of the dispersive parametrization.


pdgid: S013ALA
type: h
text:
Average of all alpha(K^*) measurements (from each of three datablocks following this one) assuming lepton universality.


pdgid: S013ALP
type: h
text:
alpha(K^*) is the constant in the model of BERGSTROM 1983 which measures the relative strength of the vector-vector transition K_L --> K^* gamma with K^* --> rho, omega, phi --> gamma^* and the pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar transition K_L --> pi, eta, eta^' --> gamma gamma^*.


pdgid: S013ALE
type: h
text:
alpha(K^*)**eff is the parameter describing the relative strength of an intermediate pseudoscalar decay amplitude and a vector meson decay amplitude in the model of BERGSTROM 1983. It takes into account both the radiative effects and the form factor. Since there are two e+ e- pairs here compared with one in e+ e- gamma decays, a factorized expression is used for the e+ e- e+ e- decay form factor.


pdgid: S013ADA
type: h
text:
Average of all alpha(DIP) measurements (from each of three datablocks following this one) assuming lepton universality.


pdgid: S013ADP
type: h
text:
alpha(DIP) parameter in KL --> gamma^* gamma^* form factor by DAMBROSIO 1998, motivated by vector meson dominance and a proper short distance behavior.


pdgid: S013A12
type: h
text:
Form factor =  tilde(g)_M1 [ 1 + (a_1/a_2) / ( (M_rho^2 - M_K^2) + 2 M_K E_gamma^* )] as described in ALAVI-HARATI 2000B.


pdgid: S013AL
type: h
text:
In previous editions and in the literature the symbol used for this asymmetry was delta(L) or delta. We use A_{{L}} for consistency with B0 asymmetry notation and with recent K(S)0 notation.


pdgid: S013EP
type: h
text:
This expression is a very good approximation, good to about one part in 10**-4 because of the small measured value of phi(00)-phi(+-) and small theoretical ambiguities.


pdgid: S013EPS
type: h
text:
We have neglected terms of order omega.Re(epsilon'/epsilon), where omega = Re(A(2))/Re(A(0)) ~= 1/22. If included, this correction would lower Re(epsilon'/epsilon) by about 0.04E-3. See SOZZI 2004.


pdgid: S013F+-
type: h
text:
The dependence of the phase on Delta(m) and tau(S) is given for each experiment in the comments below, where Delta(m) is the K(L)0-K(S)0 mass difference in units 10**10 hbars**-1 and tau_{{s}} is the K_{{S}} mean life in units 10**-10s. We also give the regeneration phase phi(f) in the comments below.      OUR FIT is described in the note on ``CP violation in K_{{L}} decays'' in the K(L)0 Particle Listings. Most experiments in this section are included in both the ``Not Assuming CPT'' and ``Assuming CPT'' fits.  In the latter fit, they have little direct influence on phi(+-) because their errors are large compared to that assuming CPT, but they influence Delta(m) and tau(s) through their dependencies on these parameters, which are given in the footnotes.


pdgid: S013FOO
type: h
text:
See comment in phi(+-) header above for treatment of Delta(m) and tau_{{s}} dependence, as well as for the inclusion of data in both the ``Assuming CPT'' and ``Not Assuming CPT'' fits.      OUR FIT is described in the note on ``CP violation in K_{{L}} decays'' in the K(L)0 Particle Listings.


pdgid: S013EPH
type: h
text:
This expression is a very good approximation, good to about 10**-3 degrees because of the small measured values of phi(00)-phi(+-) and Re epsilon'/epsilon, and small theoretical ambiguities.


pdgid: S013EPI
type: h
text:
For small |epsilon^'/epsilon|, Im(epsilon^'/epsilon) is related to the phases of eta(00) and eta(+-) by the above expression.


pdgid: S013DF
type: h
text:
Test of CPT.      OUR FIT is described in the note on ``CP violation in K_{{L}} decays'' in the K(L)0 Particle Listings.


pdgid: S013DFS
type: h
text:
Test of CPT. The Superweak phase phi(SW) == tan**-1 (2Delta(m)/DeltaGamma) where Delta(m) = mass(K(L)0)-mass(K(S)0) and DeltaGamma = hbar(tau(L)-tau(S))/(tau(L)tau(S)).


pdgid: S031M
type: h
text:
The fit includes D+-, D0, D_{{s}}()+-, D^*()+-, D^*()0, D_{{s}}^*()+-, D_{{1}}(2420)0, D_{{2}}^*(2460)0, and D_{{s1}}(2536)+- mass and mass difference measurements.


pdgid: S031B93
type: h
text:
For the Summary Table, we only use the average of e+ and mu+ measurements from Z0 --> c cbar decays; see the second data block below.


pdgid: S031R6
type: h
text:
For the Summary Table, we only use the average of e+ and mu+ measurements from Z0 --> c cbar decays; see the next data block.


pdgid: S031C15
type: h
text:
Unseen decay modes of Kbar^*(892)0 are included. See the end of the D+ Listings for measurements of D+ --> Kbar^*(892)0 lepton+ nu_lepton form-factor ratios.


pdgid: S031R58
type: h
text:
Unseen decay modes of the Kbar^*(892)0 are included. See the end of the D+ Listings for measurements of D+ --> Kbar^*(892)0 lepton+ nu_lepton form-factor ratios.


pdgid: S031R49
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. The K- pi+ S-wave includes a broad scalar kappa (Kbar_{{0}}^*(700)),  the Kbar_{{0}}^*(1430)0, and non-resonant background.


pdgid: S031S36
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. Later analyses find little need for this decay mode.


pdgid: S031S32
type: h
text:
The numerator here is the coherent sum of the Kbar_0^*(1430)0 pi+, kappabar0 pi+, and nonresonant contributions.


pdgid: S031R23
type: h
text:
See the listings under "D --> K pi pi pi partial wave analyses" and our 2008 Review (Physics Letters  B667 1 (2008)) for measurements of submodes of this mode.


pdgid: S031R08
type: h
text:
This is not a test for the DeltaC = 1 weak neutral current, but leads to the pi+ mu+ mu- final state.


pdgid: S031A1
type: h
text:
See also AAIJ 2011G for a search for CP asymmetry in the D+- --> K+ K- pi+- Dalitz plots using 370k decays and four different binning schemes. No evidence for CP asymmetry was found.


pdgid: S031A32
type: h
text:
The CP asymmetry is measured as A_{{CP|S}} = [(DeltaA(raw)**top-left +  DeltaA( raw)**bottom-right) -  (DeltaA( raw)**top-right +  DeltaA( raw)**bottom-left)]/2 where DeltaA(raw)**pos is the  difference between the signal and control channel raw asymmetries in the pos Dalitz plot  bin of the resonance.


pdgid: S031A31
type: h
text:
The CP asymmetry is measured as A_{{CP|S}} = [(DeltaA(raw)**top-left +  DeltaA( raw)**bottom-right) - (DeltaA( raw)**top-right +  DeltaA( raw)**bottom-left)]/2 where DeltaA(raw)**pos is the  difference between the signal and control channel raw asymmetries in the pos Dalitz plot  bin of the resonance.


pdgid: S031A4
type: h
text:
See also AAIJ 2014C for a search for CP violation in D+- --> pi+ pi- pi+- Dalitz plots using model-independent binned and unbinned methods. No evidence was found.


pdgid: S031TV0
type: h
text:
C(T) == pvec(K+). (pvec(pi+)xpvec(pi-))  is a parity-odd correlation of the  K+, pi+, and pi- momenta for the D+. Cbar(T) == pvec(K-).  (pvec(pi-)xpvec(pi+))  is the corresponding quantity for the D-. Then A(T) == [Gamma(C(T)> 0)- Gamma(C(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(C(T)> 0)+ Gamma(C(T)< 0)], and Abar(T) == [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)- Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)+ Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)], and A(Tviol) == 1/2(A(T) - Abar(T)). C(T) and Cbar(T) are commonly referred to as T-odd moments, because they are odd under T reversal. However, the T-conjugate process K0S K+- pi+ pi- --> D+- is not accessible, while the P-conjugate process is.


pdgid: S031TV1
type: h
text:
C(T) == pvec(K+). (pvec(pi+)xpvec(K-)) is a parity-odd correlation of the K+, pi+, and K- momenta for the D+. Cbar(T)==pvec(K-). (pvec(pi-)xpvec(K+)) is the corresponding quantity for the D-. Then A(T) == [Gamma(C(T)>0)-Gamma(C(T)< 0)] / [Gamma(C(T)> 0)+ Gamma(C(T)< 0)], and Abar(T) == [Gamma(-Cbar(T)>0)-Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)] / [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)+ Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)], and A(Tviol) == (A(T)- Abar(T)). C(T) and Cbar(T) are commonly referred to as T-odd moments, because they are odd under T reversal. However, the T-conjugate process K+ K- K0S pi+- --> D+- is not accessible, while the P-conjugate process is.


pdgid: S031PWA
type: h
text:
Amplitude analyses of D+ decays to a variety of 4-body kaon or pion final states, fitting simultaneously different partial wave components.


pdgid: S032M
type: h
text:
The fit includes D+-, D0, D_{{s}}()+-, D^*()+-, D^*()0, D_{{s}}^*()+-, D_{{1}}(2420)0, D_{{2}}^*(2460)0, and D_{{s1}}(2536)+- mass and mass difference measurements.      Given the recent addition of much more precise measurements, we have omitted all those masses published up through 1990. See any Review before 2015 for those earlier results.


pdgid: S032D
type: h
text:
The D_{{1}}()0 and D_{{2}}()0 are the mass eigenstates of the D0 meson, as described in the note on ``D0-Dbar0 Mixing,' above. The experiments usually present x == Delta(m)/Gamma. Then Delta(m) = x Gamma = x hbar/tau.


pdgid: S032DT
type: h
text:
The D_{{1}}()0 and D_{{2}}()0 are the mass eigenstates of the D0 meson, as described in the note on ``D0-Dbar0 Mixing,'' above.      Due to the strong phase difference between D0 --> K+ pi- and Dbar0 --> K+ pi-,  we exclude from the average those measurements of y^' that are inferred from the D0-Dbar0 mixing ratio Gamma(K+ pi- via Dbar0) / Gamma(K+ pi-) given near the end of this D0 Listings. OUR AVERAGE assumes CP conservation, though this is disfavored by data.      In the absence of CP violation, the experimental measurement of the observable y(CP) corresponds to y. In the presence of CP violation, y(CP) is approximately equal to y up to a CP-violating weak phase cosine, that is very close to unity, and higher order CP-violating effects. Many experiments measure y(CP) with respect to a reference channel, such that the quoted results below are often y(CP)+-y(CP)(reference).  We denote the actual observable and the reference channel below for those experiments with sufficient sensitivity such that y(CP)(reference) cannot be neglected.      Some early results have been omitted. See our 2006 Review (Journal of Physics  G33 1 (2006)).


pdgid: S032QP
type: h
text:
The mass eigenstates D_{{1}}()0 and D_{{2}}()0 are related to the C = \pm1 states by |D_{{1,2}}()> = p|D0> + q |Dbar0>. See the note on ``D0--Dbar0 Mixing'' above.


pdgid: S032AG
type: h
text:
A(Gamma) is the decay-rate asymmetry for CP-even final states A(Gamma) = (taubar_{{+}}()- tau_{{+}}()) / (taubar_{{+}}()+ tau_{{+}}()). See the note on ``D0--Dbar0 Mixing'' above.


pdgid: S032D03
type: h
text:
Parametrizes CP violation in the interference between D0 mixing and decay. The mass  eigenstates  D_{{1}}()0 and D_{{2}}()0 are related to the C = \pm1 states by   |D_{{1,2}}()> = p|D0> + q |Dbar0>. In  the absence of CP violation in the decay, and using the usual phase convention where  CP conservation implies q/p is real, phi**KS pi pi is identical to the   decay-mode-independent parameter phi = arg(q/p).


pdgid: S032CF1
type: h
text:
See the note on `D0-Dbar0 Mixing' for the definition. R(K pi pi0) can have any value between 0 and 1. A value near 1 indicates the decay is dominated by a few intermediate states with limited interference.


pdgid: S032CF2
type: h
text:
See the note on `D0-Dbar0 Mixing' for the definition. R(K 3pi) can have any value between 0 and 1. A value near 1 indicates the decay is dominated by a few intermediate states with limited interference.


pdgid: S032S34
type: h
text:
This is the sum of our K- 2pi+ pi-,   K- 2pi+ pi- pi0,  Kbar0 2pi+ 2pi-, K+ 2K- pi+, 2pi+ 2pi-, 2pi+ 2pi- pi0,   K+ K- pi+ pi-, and    K+ K- pi+ pi- pi0  branching fractions.


pdgid: S032R5
type: h
text:
The branching fractions for the K- e+ nu_e, K^*(892)- e+ nu_e, pi- e+ nu_e, and rho- e+ nu_e modes add up to 6.17+-0.17 %.


pdgid: S032C74
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. The (pi+ pi-)(S-wave) includes what in isobar models are the f_{{0}}(980) and f_{{0}}(1370); see the following two data blocks.


pdgid: S032S94
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. This is a doubly Cabibbo-suppressed mode.


pdgid: S032B57
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. Neither FRABETTI 1994G nor ALBRECHT 1993D (quoted in many of the earlier submodes of K0S pi+ pi-) sees evidence for a nonresonant component.


pdgid: S032B16
type: h
text:
Branching fractions for submodes of this mode with narrow resonances (the eta, omega, eta^') are fairly well determined (see below). COFFMAN 1992B gives fractions of K^* and rho submodes, but with only 140+-28 events above background could not determine them with much accuracy.  We omit those measurements here; they are in our 2008 Review (Physics Letters  B667 1 (2008)).


pdgid: S032C46
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis, with interference. See GASPERO 2008 and BHATTACHARYA 2010A for isospin decompositions of the D0 --> pi+ pi0 pi- Dalitz plot, both based on the amplitudes of AUBERT 2007BJ. They quantify the conclusion that the final state is dominantly isospin 0.


pdgid: S032R91
type: h
text:
The unused results here are redundant with Gamma(K+ K-)/Gamma(K- pi+) and Gamma(pi+ pi-)/Gamma(K- pi+) measurements by the same experiments.


pdgid: S032R90
type: h
text:
This is the same as Gamma(K0 Kbar0) / Gamma(Kbar0 pi+ pi-) because D0 --> K0S K0L is forbidden by CP conservation.


pdgid: S032P00
type: h
text:
Fit fraction from Dalitz plot analyses. The fraction for the K0S pi+ mass between 792 and 992 MeV is 0.370+-0.003+-0.012.


pdgid: S032S26
type: h
text:
This is a limit on R(M) without the complications of possible doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays that occur when using hadronic modes. For the limits on |mass(1)-mass(2)| and (Gamma(1)-Gamma(2))/Gamma that come from the best mixing limit, see near the beginning of these D0Listings.


pdgid: S032S01
type: h
text:
This is a limit on R(M) without the complications of possible doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays that occur when using hadronic modes. The experiments use D^*()+ --> D0 pi+ (and charge conjugate) decays to identify the charm at production and the charge of the e to identify the charm at decay. These limits do not allow CP violation. For the limits on |mass(1)-mass(2)| and (Gamma(1)-Gamma(2))/Gamma that come from the best mixing limit, see near the beginning of these D0Listings.


pdgid: S032R61
type: h
text:
This is R, the time-integrated wrong-sign rate compared to the right-sign rate. See the note on ``D0-Dbar0 Mixing,'' near the start of the D0 Listings.      The experiments here use the charge of the pion in D^*(2010)+- --> (D0 or Dbar0) pi+- decay to tell whether a D0 or a Dbar0 was born. The D0 --> K+ pi- decay can occur directly by doubly Cabibbo-suppressed (DCS) decay, or indirectly by D0 --> Dbar0 mixing followed by Dbar0 --> K+ pi- decay. Some of the experiments can use the decay-time information to disentangle the two mechanisms. Here, we list the experimental branching ratio, which if there is no mixing is the DCS ratio. See the next data block for values of the DCS ratio R(D), and the following data block for limits on the mixing ratio R(M). See the section on CP-violating asymmetries near the end of this D0 Listing for values of A(D), and the note on ``D0-Dbar0 Mixing'' for limits on x' andy'.      Some early limits have been omitted from this Listing; see our 1998 edition (The European Physical Journal  C3 1 (1998)) and our 2006 edition (Journal of Physics  G33 1 (2006)).


pdgid: S032R9
type: h
text:
This is R(M) in the note on ``D0-Dbar0 Mixing'' near the start of the D0 Listings. The experiments here (1)use the charge of the pion in D^*(2010)+- --> (D0 or Dbar0) pi+- decay to tell whether a D0 or a Dbar0 was born; and (2)use the decay-time distribution to disentangle doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay and mixing. For the limits on |mass(1)-mass(2)| and (Gamma(1)-Gamma(2))/Gamma that come from the best mixing limit, see near the beginning of these D0 Listings.


pdgid: S032C24
type: h
text:
The experiments here use the charge of the pion in D^*(2010)+- --> (D0 or Dbar0) pi+- decay to tell whether a D0 or a Dbar0 was born. The D0 --> K+ pi- pi0 decay can occur directly by doubly Cabibbo-suppressed (DCS) decay, or indirectly by D0 --> Dbar0 mixing followed by Dbar0 --> K+ pi- pi0 decay.


pdgid: S032R62
type: h
text:
The experiments here use the charge of the pion in D^*(2010)+- --> (D0 or Dbar0) pi+- decay to tell whether a D0 or a Dbar0 was born. The D0 --> K+ pi- pi+ pi- decay can occur directly by doubly Cabibbo-suppressed (DCS) decay, or indirectly by D0 --> Dbar0 mixing followed by Dbar0 --> K+ pi- pi+ pi- decay. Some of the experiments can use the decay-time information to disentangle the two mechanisms. Here, we list the experimental branching ratio, which if there is no mixing is the DCS ratio; in the next data block we give the limits on the mixing ratio.      Some early limits have been omitted from this Listing; see our 1998 edition (EPJC31).


pdgid: S032S83
type: h
text:
This is a D0-Dbar()0 mixing limit. The experiments here (1)use the charge of the pion in D^*(2010)+- --> (D0 or Dbar0) pi+- decay to tell whether a D0 or a Dbar0 was born; and (2)use the decay-time distribution to disentangle doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay and mixing. For the limits on |mass(D_{{1}}()0)-mass(D_{{2}}()0)| and (Gamma(D_{{1}}()0)-Gamma(D_{{2}}()0))/Gamma(D0) that come from the best mixing limit, see near the beginning of these D0 Listings.


pdgid: S032R99
type: h
text:
This is a D0-Dbar()0 mixing limit. For the limits on |mass(D_{{1}}()0)-mass(D_{{2}}()0)| and (Gamma(D_{{1}}()0)-Gamma(D_{{2}}()0))/Gamma(D0) that come from the best mixing limit, see near the beginning of these D0 Listings.


pdgid: S032S84
type: h
text:
D0 --> gamma gamma is a flavor-changing neutral-current decay, forbidden in the Standard Model at the tree level.


pdgid: S032R44
type: h
text:
A test for the DeltaC = 1 weak neutral current.  Allowed by first-order weak interaction combined with electromagnetic interaction.


pdgid: S032CPK
type: h
text:
See also AAIJ 2013BR for a search for CP violation in D0 --> K+ K- pi+ pi- in binned phase space. No evidence of CP violation was found.


pdgid: S032A97
type: h
text:
Including the full K_1^*(1270)+ phase space accessible in this decay chain, with its various resonance contributions.


pdgid: S032A98
type: h
text:
Including the full K_1^*(1270)- phase space accessible in this decay chain, with its various resonance contributions.


pdgid: S032A99
type: h
text:
Including the full K_1(1400)+ phase space accessible in this decay chain, with its various resonance contributions.


pdgid: S032C00
type: h
text:
Including the full K^*(1680)+ phase space accessible in this decay chain, with its various resonance contributions.


pdgid: S032DCP
type: h
text:
CP violation in these modes can come from the decay amplitudes (direct) and/or from mixing or interference of mixing and decay (indirect). The difference DeltaA(CP) is primarily sensitive to the direct component, and only retains a second-order dependence on the indirect component for measurements where the mean decay time of the K+ K- and pi+ pi- samples are not identical. The results below are averaged assuming the indirect component can be neglected.


pdgid: S032TV0
type: h
text:
C(T) == pvec(K+). (pvec(pi+)xpvec(pi-))  is a parity-odd correlation of the  K+, pi+, and pi- momenta (evaluated in the D0 rest frame) for the D0. Cbar(T) == pvec(K-).  (pvec(pi-)xpvec(pi+))  is the corresponding quantity for the Dbar0. Then A(T) == [Gamma(C(T)> 0)- Gamma(C(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(C(T)> 0)+ Gamma(C(T)< 0)], and Abar(T) == [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)- Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)+ Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)], and A(Tviol) == 1/2(A(T) - Abar(T)). C(T) and Cbar(T) are commonly referred to as T-odd moments, because they are odd under T reversal. However, the T-conjugate process K+ K- pi+ pi- --> D0 is not accessible, while the CP-conjugate process is.


pdgid: S032D55
type: h
text:
C(T) == pvec(K(S)0). (pvec(pi+)xpvec(pi-))  is a parity-odd correlation of the  K(S)0 (with higher momentum), pi+, and pi- momenta (evaluated in the D0 rest frame) for the D0. Cbar(T) == pvec(K(S)0).  (pvec(pi-)xpvec(pi+))  is the corresponding quantity for the Dbar0. Then A(T) == [Gamma(C(T)> 0)- Gamma(C(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(C(T)> 0)+ Gamma(C(T)< 0)], and Abar(T) == [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)- Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)+ Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)], and A(Tviol) == 1/2(A(T) - Abar(T)). C(T) and Cbar(T) are commonly referred to as T-odd moments, because they are odd under T reversal. However, the T-conjugate process K0S K0S pi+ pi- --> D0 is not accessible, while the CP-conjugate process is.


pdgid: S032C76
type: h
text:
C(T) == pvec(K(S)0). (pvec(pi+)xpvec(pi-))  is a parity-odd correlation evaluated in the D0 rest frame. Cbar(T) is defined as the CP-conjugate observable with Dbar0 daughter particles. Then A(T) == [Gamma(C(T)> 0)- Gamma(C(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(C(T)> 0)+ Gamma(C(T)< 0)], and Abar(T) == [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)- Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)+ Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)], and A(Tviol) == 1/2(A(T) - Abar(T)). C(T) and Cbar(T) are commonly referred to as T-odd moments, because they are odd under T reversal. However, the T-conjugate process K0S pi+ pi- pi0 --> D0 is not accessible, while the CP-conjugate process is.


pdgid: S032CPT
type: h
text:
A(CPT)(t) is defined in terms of the time-dependent decay probabilities  P(D0 --> K- pi+) and Pbar(Dbar0 --> K+ pi-) by A(CPT)(t) =  (Pbar-P)/(Pbar + P). For small mixing parameters  x==Delta(m)/Gamma and  y==DeltaGamma/2Gamma (as is the case), and times t,  A(CPT)(t) reduces to [y Re(z) - x Im(z)] Gammat,  where z is the CPT-violating parameter.  The following is actually y Re(z) - x  Im(z).


pdgid: S032PWA
type: h
text:
Amplitude analyses of D0 decays to a variety of 4-body kaon or pion final states, fitting simultaneously different partial wave components.


pdgid: M253PAH
type: h
text:
A polarization amplitude A(D_{{1}}()) is a parameter that depends on the initial polarization of the D_{{1}}() and is sensitive to a possible S-wave contribution to its decay. For D_{{1}}() decays the helicity angle, theta(h), distribution varies like 1 + A(D_{{1}}())cos**2(theta(h)), where theta(h) is the angle in the D^* rest frame between the two pions emitted by the D_1 --> D^* pi and the D^* --> D pi.      Unpolarized D_{{1}}() decaying purely via D-wave is predicted to give A(D_{{1}}()) = 3.


pdgid: M254PAM
type: h
text:
A polarization amplitude A(D_{{2}}()) is a parameter that depends on the initial polarization of the D_{{2}}(). For D_{{2}}() decays the helicity angle, theta_{{H}}, distribution varies like 1 + A(D_{{2}}()) cos**2(theta_{{H}}), where theta_{{H}} is the angle in the D^*() rest frame between the two pions emitted by the D_2() --> D^*() pi and D^*() --> D pi.


pdgid: M198PAM
type: h
text:
A polarization amplitude A(D_{{J}}) is a parameter that depends on the initial polarization of the D_{{J}}. For D_{{J}} decays the helicity angle, theta_{{H}}, distribution varies like 1 + A(D_{{J}}) cos**2(theta_{{H}}), where theta_{{H}} is the angle in the D_{{J}} rest frame between the two pions emitted in the D_J --> D^* pi and D^* --> D pi decays.


pdgid: M203PAM
type: h
text:
A polarization amplitude A(D) is a parameter that depends on the initial polarization of the D_{{3}}^*(2750). For D_{{3}}^*(2750) decays the helicity angle, theta_{{H}}, distribution varies like 1 + A(D) cos(theta_{{H}}), where theta_{{H}} is the angle in the D^*() rest frame between the two pions emitted by the D_3^*(2750) --> D^*() pi and D^*() --> D pi.


pdgid: S034M
type: h
text:
The fit includes D+-, D0, D_{{s}}()+-, D^*()+-, D^*()0, D_{{s}}^*()+-, D_{{1}}(2420)0, D_{{2}}^*(2460)0, and D_{{s1}}(2536)+- mass and mass difference measurements. Measurements of the D_{{s}}()+- mass with an error greater than 10 MeV are omitted from the fit and average. A number of early measurements have been omitted altogether.


pdgid: S034T
type: h
text:
Measurements with an error greater than 100E-15s or with fewer than 100 events have been omitted from the Listings.


pdgid: S034R28
type: h
text:
This is the purely e+ semileptonic branching fraction: the e+ fraction from tau+ decays has been subtracted off.


pdgid: S034S22
type: h
text:
See the end of the D_{{s}}()+ Listings for measurements of D_s()+ --> phi e+ nu_e form factors. Unseen decay modes of the phi are included.


pdgid: S034R29
type: h
text:
As noted in the comment column, most of these measurements use phi mu+ nu_mu events in addition to or instead of phi e+ nu_e events.


pdgid: S034S59
type: h
text:
A test for uubar or ddbar content in the D_{{s}}()+. Neither Cabibbo-favored nor Cabibbo-suppressed decays can contribute, and omega-phi mixing is an unlikely explanation for any fraction above about 2E-4.


pdgid: S034R6
type: h
text:
The results here are model-independent. For earlier, model-dependent results, see our PDG 2006 edition. We decouple the D_s()+ --> phi pi+ branching fraction  obtained from mass projections (and used to get some of the other branching fractions) from the D_s()+ --> phi pi+,  phi --> K+ K- branching fraction obtained from the Dalitz-plot  analysis of  D_s()+ --> K+ K- pi+. That is, the ratio of these two branching fractions  is not exactly the phi --> K+ K- branching fraction 0.491.


pdgid: S034R63
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. We decouple the D_s()+ --> phi pi+ branching fraction  obtained from mass projections (and used to get some of the other branching fractions) from the D_s()+ --> phi pi+,  phi --> K+ K- branching fraction obtained from the Dalitz-plot  analysis of  D_s()+ --> K+ K- pi+. That is, the ratio of these two branching fractions  is not exactly the phi --> K+ K- branching fraction 0.491.


pdgid: S034R65
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. This is likely a superposition of  D_s()+ --> f_0(980) pi and D_s()+ --> a_0(980) pi which are indistinguishable in such an  analysis.


pdgid: S034R66
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. This is likely a superposition of   D_s()+ --> f_0(1710) pi and D_s()+ --> a_0(1710) pi which are indistinguishable in such an   analysis.


pdgid: S034P65
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. This is likely a superposition of  D_s()+ --> f_0(980) pi and D_s()+ --> a_0(980) pi which are indistinguishable in such an analysis.


pdgid: S034P63
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. This is likely a superposition of  D_s()+ --> f_0(1710) pi and D_s()+ --> a_0(1700) pi which are indistinguishable in such an analysis.


pdgid: S034S13
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. See also KLEMPT 2008, which uses 568 D_s()+ --> 3pi decays (over 280 background  events) from FNAL E791 to study various parametrizations of the decay amplitudes. The emphasis there is more on S-wave pi pi decay products -- 20 different solutions are given -- than on D_{{s}}()+ fit fractions.


pdgid: S034R83
type: h
text:
This is the ``fit fraction'' from the Dalitz-plot analysis. See above for the full pi+ ( pi+ pi- )(S-wave) fit fraction.


pdgid: S034R87
type: h
text:
This mode is not a useful test for a DeltaC=1 weak neutral current because both quarks must change flavor in this decay.


pdgid: S034PWA
type: h
text:
Amplitude analyses of D_{{s}}()+ decays to the K+ K- pi+ final state,  fitting simultaneously  different partial wave components.


pdgid: S034PWD
type: h
text:
Amplitude analyses of D_{{s}}()+ decays to the pi+ pi+ pi- eta final state, fitting  simultaneously different partial wave components.


pdgid: S034A31
type: h
text:
Amplitude analyses of D_{{s}}()+ decays to the K0S K- 2 pi+ final state, fitting simultaneously  different partial wave components.


pdgid: S034PWB
type: h
text:
Amplitude analyses of D_{{s}}()+ decays to the K- K+ pi+ pi0 final state, fitting simultaneously different partial wave components.


pdgid: S034TV0
type: h
text:
C(T) == pvec(K+). (pvec(pi+)xpvec(pi-))  is a parity-odd correlation of the  K+, pi+, and pi- momenta for the D_{{s}}()+. Cbar(T) == pvec(K-).  (pvec(pi-)xpvec(pi+))  is the corresponding quantity for the D_{{s}}()-. Then A(T) == [Gamma(C(T)> 0)- Gamma(C(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(C(T)> 0)+ Gamma(C(T)< 0)], and Abar(T) == [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)- Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)] /  [Gamma(-Cbar(T)> 0)+ Gamma(-Cbar(T)< 0)], and A(Tviol) == 1/2(A(T) - Abar(T)). C(T) and Cbar(T) are commonly referred to as T-odd moments, because they are odd under T reversal. However, the T-conjugate process K0S K+- pi+ pi- --> D_s()+- is not accessible, while the P-conjugate process is.


pdgid: S041M
type: h
text:
The fit uses mass(B+), (mass(B0)-mass(B+)), and mass(B0) to determine mass(B+),   mass(B0), and the mass difference.


pdgid: S041T
type: h
text:
See  B+-/B0/B_{{s}}()0/b-baryon ADMIXTURE section for data on B-hadron mean life averaged over species of bottom particles.


pdgid: S041T51
type: h
text:
(Kpi)_{0}^*() is the total S-wave composed of K_{{0}}^*(1430) and  nonresonant that are described using LASS shape.


pdgid: S041AA1
type: h
text:
A(ADS)(B+ --> D K+) =   (R(K)**- - R(K)**+)/(R(K)**- + R(K)**+)  where  R(K)**- = Gamma(B- --> [ K+ pi- ]_D K-) / Gamma(B- --> [ K- pi+ ]_D K-)  and  R(K)**+ = Gamma(B+ --> [ K- pi+ ]_D K+) / Gamma(B+ --> [ K+ pi- ]_D K+)


pdgid: S041AA2
type: h
text:
A(ADS)(B+ --> D pi+) =   (R(pi)**- - R(pi)**+)/(R(pi)**- + R(pi)**+)  where  R(pi)**- = Gamma(B- --> [ K+ pi- ]_D pi-) / Gamma(B- --> [ K- pi+ ]_D pi-)  and  R(pi)**+ = Gamma(B+ --> [ K- pi+ ]_D pi+) / Gamma(B+ --> [ K+ pi- ]_D pi+)


pdgid: S041A45
type: h
text:
A_{{ADS}}(B+ --> D^* ( D gamma ) K+) = (R(K)**- - R(K)**+) / (R(K)**- + R(K)**+), where  R(K)**- = Gamma(B- --> ( gamma [ K+ pi- ]_D )_D^* K-) / Gamma(B- --> ( gamma [ K- pi+ ]_D )_D^* K-) and  R(K)**+ = Gamma(B+ --> ( gamma [ K- pi+ ]_D)_D^* K+) / Gamma(B+ --> ( gamma [ K+ pi- ]_D)_D^* K+)


pdgid: S041A46
type: h
text:
A_{{ADS}}(B+ --> D^* ( D pi0 ) K+) = (R(K)**- - R(K)**+) / (R(K)**- + R(K)**+), where  R(K)**- = Gamma(B- --> ( [ K+ pi- ]_D pi0 )_D^* K-) / Gamma(B- --> ( [ K- pi+ ]_D pi0 )_D^* K-) and  R(K)**+ = Gamma(B+ --> ( [ K- pi+ ]_D pi0 )_D^* K+) / Gamma(B+ --> ( [ K+ pi- ]_D pi0 )_D^* K+)


pdgid: S041A47
type: h
text:
A_{{ADS}}(B+ --> D^* ( D gamma ) pi+) = (R(pi)**- - R(pi)**+) / (R(pi)**- + R(pi)**+), where  R(pi)**- = Gamma(B- --> ( gamma [ K+ pi- ]_D )_D^* pi-) / Gamma(B- --> ( gamma [ K- pi+ ]_D )_D^* pi-) and  R(pi)**+ = Gamma(B+ --> ( gamma [ K- pi+ ]_D)_D^* pi+) / Gamma(B+ --> ( gamma [ K+ pi- ]_D)_D^* pi+)


pdgid: S041A48
type: h
text:
A_{{ADS}}(B+ --> D^* ( D pi0 ) pi+) = (R(pi)**- - R(pi)**+) / (R(pi)**- + R(pi)**+), where  R(pi)**- = Gamma(B- --> ( [ K+ pi- ]_D pi0 )_D^* pi-) / Gamma(B- --> ( [ K- pi+ ]_D pi0 )_D^* pi-) and  R(pi)**+ = Gamma(B+ --> ( [ K- pi+ ]_D pi0 )_D^* pi+) / Gamma(B+ --> ( [ K+ pi- ]_D pi0 )_D^* pi+)


pdgid: S041GGM
type: h
text:
For angle gamma(phi(3)) of the CKM unitarity triangle, see the review on ``CP Violation'' in the Reviews section.


pdgid: S041ARX
type: h
text:
r(B) and delta(B) are the amplitude ratio and relative strong phase between the amplitudes of A(B+ --> D0 K+) and  A(B+ --> Dbar0 K+),


pdgid: S041ARZ
type: h
text:
r(B) and delta(B) are the amplitude ratio and relative strong phase between the amplitudes of A(CP)(B+ --> D0 K^*()+) and  A(CP)(B+ --> Dbar0 K^*()+),


pdgid: S041ARY
type: h
text:
r(B) and delta(B) are the amplitude ratio and relative strong phase between the amplitudes of A(B+ --> D^*()0 K+) and  A(B+ --> Dbar^*()0 K+),


pdgid: S041D18
type: h
text:
r(B) and delta(B) are the amplitude ratio and relative strong phase  between the amplitudes of A(B+ --> D^*()0 pi+) and A(B+ --> Dbar^*()0 pi+).


pdgid: S041PBI
type: h
text:
F(H) is a fractional contribution of (pseudo) scalar and tensor amplitudes to the decay width in the massless muon approximation.


pdgid: S041PBJ
type: h
text:
A(FB) is the forward-backward angular asymmetry of the lepton pair in  B --> K^(*)() lepton+ lepton- decay as defined in B+, B0 admixture particle listings.


pdgid: S042M
type: h
text:
The fit uses mass(B+), (mass(B0)-mass(B+)), and mass(B0) to determine mass(B+), mass(B0), and the mass difference.


pdgid: S042DT2
type: h
text:
These measurements are inferred from the branching fractions for semileptonic decay or other spectator-dominated decays by assuming that the rates for such decays are equal for B0 and B+. We do not use measurements which assume equal production of B0 and B+ because of the large uncertainty in the production ratio.


pdgid: S042DGS
type: h
text:
Gamma(B_{{d}}()0) and DeltaGamma(B_{{d}}()0) are the decay rate average and difference between two B_{{d}}()0 CP eigenstates (light - heavy). The lambda(CP) characterizes B0 and Bbar0 decays to states of charmonium plus K(L)0, see the review on ``CP Violation'' in the reviews section.


pdgid: S042R95
type: h
text:
lepton = e or mu, not sum over e and mu modes.      ``OUR EVALUATION'' includes both B0 and B+ decays. The average assumes equality of the semileptonic decay width for these isospin conjugate states.


pdgid: S042P44
type: h
text:
"OUR EVALUATION" is derived from r(B0)(B0 --> D K^*()0) data block listed in "CP violation parameters" section.


pdgid: S042T46
type: h
text:
(Kpi)_{0}^*() is the total S-wave composed of K_{{0}}^*(1430) and nonresonant that are described using LASS shape.


pdgid: S042T15
type: h
text:
This decay refers to the coherent sum of resonant and nonresonant J**P = 0+ K pi components with 1.13 < mass(K pi) < 1.53 GeV/c**2.


pdgid: S042T25
type: h
text:
This decay refers to the coherent sum of resonant and nonresonant J**P = 0+ K pi components with 1.60 < mass(K pi)< 2.15 GeV/c**2.


pdgid: S042T81
type: h
text:
X(214) is a hypothetical particle of mass 214 MeV/c**2 reported by the HyperCP experiment (PARK 2005)


pdgid: S042T9A
type: h
text:
Here S and P are the hypothetical scalar and pseudoscalar particles with masses of 2.5 GeV/c**2 and 214.3 MeV/c**2, respectively.


pdgid: S042A39
type: h
text:
H(+), H(-) define parity-even ((parallel)) and parity-odd ((perp)) polarization transversity amplitudes A((parallel),(perp)) = (H(+) +- H(-))/sqrt(2).


pdgid: S042CHD
type: h
text:
This B0-Bbar0 mixing parameter is the probability (integrated over time) that a produced B0 (or Bbar0) decays as a Bbar0 (or B0), e.g. for inclusive lepton decays     Where experiments have measured the parameter r = chi/(1-chi), we have converted to chi.  Mixing violates the DeltaBnot=2 rule.      Note that the measurement of chi at energies higher than the  Upsilon(4S) have not separated chi(d) from chi(s) where the subscripts indicate B0(bbard) or B_{{s}}()0(bbars). They are listed in the B+-/B0/B_{{s}}()0/b-baryon ADMIXTURE section.      The experiments at Upsilon(4S) make an assumption about the B0 Bbar0 fraction and about the ratio of the B+- and B0 semileptonic branching ratios (usually that it equals one).      ``OUR EVALUATION'' is an average using rescaled values of the data listed below. The averaging/rescaling procedure takes into account correlations between the measurements, includes chi_{{d}} calculated from Deltamass(B0) and tau(B0).


pdgid: S042D
type: h
text:
Deltamass(B0) is a measure of 2pi times the B()0-Bbar()0 oscillation frequency in time-dependent mixing experiments.      ``OUR EVALUATION'' is an average using rescaled values of the data listed below. The averaging/rescaling procedure takes into account correlations between the measurements and includes Deltamass(d) calculated from chi_{{d}} measured at Upsilon(4S).


pdgid: S042DG
type: h
text:
``OUR EVALUATION'' is an average using rescaled values of the data listed below. The averaging/rescaling procedure takes into account correlations between the measurements and includes Deltamass(d) calculated from chi_{{d}} measured at Upsilon(4S).


pdgid: S042RZ1
type: h
text:
The lambda(CP) characterizes B0 and Bbar0 decays to states of charmonium plus K(L)0. Parameter z is used to describe CPT violation in mixing, see the review on ``CP Violation'' in the reviews section.


pdgid: S042EPS
type: h
text:
CP impurity in B_{{d}}()0 system. It is obtained from either a(lepton lepton), the charge asymmetry in like-sign dilepton events  or a(c p), the time-dependent asymmetry of inclusive B0 and Bbar0 decays.      "OUR EVALUATION" is the result of a fit to B_{{d}} and B_{{s}} CP asymmetries, which includes the B_{{d}} measurements listed below and the B_{{s}} measurements listed in the B_{{s}} section, taking into account correlations between those measurements.


pdgid: S042Y3
type: h
text:
A(T/CP) is defined as             P(Bbar0 --> B0)-P(B0 --> Bbar0)/P(Bbar0 --> B0)+P(B0 --> Bbar0),      the CPT invariant asymmetry between the oscillation probabilities P(Bbar0 --> B0) and P(B0 --> Bbar0).


pdgid: S042AC4
type: h
text:
A(CP) is defined as             B(Bbar0 --> fbar)-B(B0 --> f)/B(Bbar0 --> fbar)+B(B0 --> f),      the CP-violation charge asymmetry of exclusive B0 and Bbar0 decay.


pdgid: S042CPI
type: h
text:
C(pi pi) is defined as (1-|lambda|**2)/(1+|lambda|**2), where the quantity lambda=q/p Abar_{{f}}/A_{{f}} is a phase convention independent observable quantity for the final state f. For details, see the review on ``CP Violation'' in the Reviews section.


pdgid: S042CDT
type: h
text:
DeltaC(rho pi) describes the asymmetry between the rates Gamma(B0 --> rho+ pi-) + Gamma(Bbar0 --> rho- pi+) and Gamma(B0 --> rho- pi+) + Gamma(Bbar0 --> rho+ pi-).


pdgid: S042SDT
type: h
text:
DeltaS(rho pi) is related to the strong phase difference between the amplitudes contributing to B0 --> rho+ pi-.


pdgid: S042CDA
type: h
text:
DeltaC(a_1 pi) describes the asymmetry between the rates Gamma(B0 --> a_1()+ pi-) + Gamma(Bbar0 --> a_1()- pi+) and Gamma(B0 --> a_1()- pi+) + Gamma(Bbar0 --> a_1()+ pi-).


pdgid: S042SDA
type: h
text:
DeltaS(a_1 pi) is related to the strong phase difference between the amplitudes contributing to B0 --> a_1 pi decays.


pdgid: S042CJ1
type: h
text:
beta (phi(1)) is one of the angles of CMK unitarity triangle, see the review on ``CP'' Violation in the Reviews section.


pdgid: S042LD3
type: h
text:
S(+-) = - 2 Im(lambda(+-))/1 + |lambda(+-)|**2 where lambda(+) and lambda(-) are defined in the C(pi pi) datablock above for B0 --> D^*()- pi+ and Bbar0 --> D^*()+ pi-.


pdgid: S042BET
type: h
text:
For a discussion of CP violation, see the review on ``CP Violation'' in the Reviews section. sin(2beta) is a measure of the CP-violating amplitude in the B_d()0 --> J/psi(1S) K0S.


pdgid: S042BGA
type: h
text:
beta (phi(1)) and gamma (phi(3)) are angles of CKM unitarity triangle, see the review on ``CP Violation'' in the Reviews section.


pdgid: S042ALP
type: h
text:
For angle alpha(phi(2)) of the CKM unitarity triangle, see the review on ``CP violation'' in the reviews section.


pdgid: S042A44
type: h
text:
Observable a(CP)(B0 --> p pbar K+ pi-) calculated as half of the difference between triple products for B0 and Bbar0, which is sensitive to CP violation.


pdgid: S042A45
type: h
text:
Observable a(P)(B0 --> p pbar K+ pi-) calculated as the average of the triple products for B0 and Bbar0, which is sensitive to parity violation.


pdgid: S049R96
type: h
text:
D^** stands for the sum of the D(11P1), D(13P0), D(13P1), D(13P2), D(21S0), and D(21S1) resonances.     lepton = e or mu, not sum over e and mu modes.


pdgid: S049S11
type: h
text:
lepton denotes e or mu, not the sum. These experiments measure this ratio in very limited momentum intervals.


pdgid: S049A01
type: h
text:
Measures difference in decay widths with positive and negative tau+ helicities normalized to the sum of those decay widths.


pdgid: S049IS1
type: h
text:
Delta(0+) describes the isospin asymmetry between Gamma( B0 --> K^*(892)0 gamma) and Gamma( B+ --> K^*(892)+ gamma).


pdgid: S051T
type: h
text:
Each measurement of the B mean life is an average over an admixture of various bottom mesons and baryons which decay weakly. Different techniques emphasize different admixtures of produced particles, which could result in a different Bmean life.      ``OUR EVALUATION'' is an average using rescaled values of the data listed below. This is a weighted average of the lifetimes of the five main b-hadron species (B+, B0, B_{{sH}}()0, B_{{sL}}()0, and Lambda_{{b}}) that assumes the production fractions in Z decays (given at the end of this section) and equal production fractions of B_{{sH}}()0 and B_{{sL}}()0 mesons.


pdgid: S051DTB
type: h
text:
meanlife(b,bbar) and |Deltameanlife(b)| are the mean life average and difference between b and bbar hadrons.


pdgid: S051S45
type: h
text:
``OUR EVALUATION'' is an average of the data listed below, excluding all asymmetry measurements, performed by the LEP Electroweak Working Group as described in the ``Note on the Zboson'' in the ZParticle Listings.


pdgid: S051R31
type: h
text:
``OUR EVALUATION'' is an average of the data listed below performed by the LEP Heavy Flavour Steering Group.  The averaging procedure takes into account correlations between the measurements.


pdgid: S051CB
type: h
text:
chi_{{b}} is the average B-Bbar mixing parameter at high-energy chi_{{b}}=f_d^' chi_d + f_s^' chi_s where f_{{d}}^' and f_{{s}}^' are the fractions of B0 and B_{{s}}()0 hadrons in an unbiased sample of semileptonic b-hadron decays. We consider here chibar for hadrons produced in Z decays.


pdgid: S051PAY
type: h
text:
A(C)**b bbar = [N(Deltay > 0) - N(Deltay < 0)] / [N(Deltay > 0) + N(Deltay < 0)] with Deltay = |y(b)| - |y(bbar)| where y(b/bbar) is rapidity of b or bbar quarks.


pdgid: M245M0
type: h
text:
OUR FIT uses mass(B+), mass(B_{{1}^}()0)-mass(B+), and mass differences below to determine mass(B_{{2}}^*(5747)0). The -0.659 correlation between statistical uncertainties of mass(B_{{1}^}()0)-mass(B+) and mass(B_{{2}}^*()0)-mass(B_{{1}}()0) measurements reported by ABAZOV 2007T is taken into account.


pdgid: S086T
type: h
text:
The mean B_{{s}}()0 lifetime is defined and computed as 1/Gamma(B_{{s}}()0), where Gamma(B_{{s}}()0) is the average decay width of the B_{{s}}()0 mass eigenstates.


pdgid: S086GS
type: h
text:
"OUR EVALUATION" includes the measurements of Gamma(B_{{s}}()0) and DeltaGamma(B_{{s}}()0) listed in this section, as well as constraints from effective lifetimes with pure CP modes and flavor-specific modes.


pdgid: S086DRA
type: h
text:
Gamma(B_{{s}}()0) and DeltaGamma(B_{{s}}()0) are the decay rate average and difference between two B_{{s}}()0 CP eigenstates (light - heavy). "OUR EVALUATION" is derived from the averages of Gamma(B_{{s}}()0) and DeltaGamma(B_{{s}}()0) (and their correlation).


pdgid: S086R2
type: h
text:
The values and averages in this section serve only to show what values result if one assumes our B(bbar --> B_s()0).  They cannot be thought of as measurements since the underlying product branching fractions were also used to determine B(bbar --> B_s()0) as described in the note on ``Production and Decay of b-Flavored Hadrons.''


pdgid: S086PK1
type: h
text:
Longitudinal polarization fraction, equals to f_{{L}} using notation of ``Polarization in B decays'' review.


pdgid: S086PK2
type: h
text:
Parallel polarization fraction, equals to 1 - f_{{L}} - f((perp)) using notation of ``Polarization in B decays'' review.


pdgid: S086D
type: h
text:
Deltamass(B_{{s}}()0) is a measure of 2pi times the B_{{s}}()0-Bbar_{{s}}()0 oscillation frequency in time-dependent mixing experiments.


pdgid: S086DG
type: h
text:
Derived from the results on Deltamass(B_{{s}}()0) and ``OUR EVALUATION'' of the B_{{s}}()0 mean lifetime.


pdgid: S086CHS
type: h
text:
This is a B_{{s}}()0-Bbar_{{s}}()0 integrated mixing parameter derived from x(s) above and OUR EVALUATION of  DeltaGamma(B_{{s}}()0)/Gamma(B_{{s}}()0).


pdgid: S086EPS
type: h
text:
CP impurity in B_{{s}}()0 system.      ``OUR EVALUATION'' is the result of a fit to B_{{d}} and B_{{s}} CP asymmetries, which includes the B_{{s}} measurements listed below and the B_{{d}} measurements listed in the B_{{d}} section, and takes into account correlations between those measurements.


pdgid: S086ARX
type: h
text:
r(B) and delta(B) are the amplitude ratio and relative strong phase between the amplitudes of A(B_s()0 --> D_s()+ K-) and  A(B_s()0 --> D_s()- K+),


pdgid: S086PHS
type: h
text:
-2beta(s) is the weak phase difference between  B^0_s mixing amplitude and the B^0_s --> J/psi phi decay amplitude driven by the b --> c cbar s transition (such as B_s --> J/psi phi, J/psi K+ K-, J/psi pi+ pi-, and D_s()+ D_s()-). The Standard Model value of beta(s) is arg(- V(ts) V(tb)***/V(cs) V(cb)*** ) if penguin contributions are neglected.


pdgid: S086LAM
type: h
text:
lambda = q/p.A_{{f}}/Abar_{{f}} is a phase-convention-independent observable quantity for the final state f. See the review on "CP Violation in the Quark Sector" for details.


pdgid: S086CP1
type: h
text:
A(CP) is defined as             B(Bbar_s()0 --> f) - B(B_s()0 --> fbar)/B(Bbar_s()0 --> f) + B(B_s()0 --> fbar),      the CP-violation asymmetry of exclusive B_{{s}}()0 and Bbar_{{s}}()0 decay.


pdgid: S086A07
type: h
text:
A**Delta(B_s --> phi gamma) is the multiplicative coefficient of the sinh(DeltaGammat/2) term in the B_s --> phi gamma decay rate time dependence.


pdgid: M070R33
type: h
text:
The two different fit values of ABLIKIM 2015K below have the same statistical significance of 6.4 sigma and cannot be distinguished at this moment.


pdgid: M265M
type: h
text:
OUR FIT value comes from the measuremet of mass(T_{{c c}}()+) - (mass(D^*()+) + mass(D0)) below and mass(D^*()+) + mass(D0) values.


pdgid: S016M
type: h
text:
The mass is known more precisely in u (atomic mass units) than in MeV. The conversion is: 1 u = 931.494 102 42(28) MeV/c**2 (2018 CODATA value, TIESINGA 2021).


pdgid: S016DM
type: h
text:
A test of CPT invariance.  Note that the comparison of the pbar and p  charge-to-mass ratio, given in the next data block, is much better determined.


pdgid: S016CMR
type: h
text:
A test of CPT invariance. Listed here are measurements involving the inertial masses.  For a discussion of what may be inferred about the ratio of pbar and p gravitational masses, see ERICSON 1990; they obtain an upper bound of 10**-6-10**-7 for violation of the equivalence principle for pbar's.


pdgid: S016DQ2
type: h
text:
A test of CPT invariance. Note that the comparison of the pbar and p charge-to-mass ratios given above is much better determined. See also a similar test involving the electron.


pdgid: S016DQ
type: h
text:
See BRESSI 2011 for a summary of experiments on the neutrality of matter. See also ``n CHARGE'' in the neutron Listings.


pdgid: S016EPL
type: h
text:
For a very complete review of the "polarizability of the nucleon and Compton scattering," see SCHUMACHER 2005, updated in SCHUMACHER 2019.      See LI 2022D and therein for measurements of the mean square proton electric polarizability radius.


pdgid: S016MPL
type: h
text:
The electric and magnetic polarizabilities are subject to a dispersion sum-rule constraint alphabar + betabar = 14.2+-0.5E-4 fm**3. Errors here are anticorrelated with those on alphabar_{{p}} due to this constraint.      See LI 2022D and therein for measurements of the mean square proton magnetic polarizability radius.


pdgid: S016CR
type: h
text:
This is the rms electric charge radius, sqrt(<r(E)**2>).      There are three kinds of measurements of the proton radius: via transitions in atomic hydrogen; via electron scattering off hydrogen; and via muonic hydrogen Lamb shift. Most measurements of the radius of the proton involve electron-proton interactions, the most recent of which is the electron scattering measurement r_{{p}} = 0.831(14) fm (XIONG 2019), and the atomic-hydrogen value, r_{{p}} = 0.833(10) fm (BEZGINOV 2019). These agree well with another recent atomic-hydrogen value r_{{p}} = 0.8335(95) fm (BEYER 2017), and with the best measurement using muonic hydrogen r_{{p}} = 0.84087(39) fm (ANTOGNINI 2013), that is far more precise.      The MOHR 2016 value (2014 CODATA), obtained from the electronic results available at the time, was 0.8751(61) fm. This differs by 5.6 standard deviations from the muonic hydrogen value, leading to the so-called proton charge radius puzzle. See our 2018 edition (Physical Review  D98 030001 (2018)) for a further discussion of interpretations of this puzzle. However, reflecting the new electronic measurements, the 2018 CODATA,  TIESINGA 2021, recommended value is 0.8414(19) fm, and the puzzle appears to be resolved.      See our 2014 edition (Chinese Physics  C38 070001 (2014)) for values published before 2003.


pdgid: S016T
type: h
text:
A test of baryon conservation. See the ``p Partial Mean Lives'' section below for limits for identified final states.  The limits here are to ``anything'' or are for ``disappearance'' modes of a bound proton (p) or (n).  See also the 3nu modes in the ``Partial Mean Lives'' section. Table1 of BACK 2003 is a nice summary.


pdgid: S016TA
type: h
text:
Of the two astrophysical limits here, that of GEER 2000D involves considerably more refinements in its modeling. The other limits come from direct observations of stored antiprotons. See also ``pbar Partial Mean Lives'' after ``p Partial Mean Lives,'' below, for exclusive-mode limits. The best (lifetime/branching fraction) limit there is 7E5 years, for pbar --> e- gamma.  We advance only the exclusive-mode limits to our Summary Tables.


pdgid: S016T21
type: h
text:
See also the ``to anything'' and ``disappearance'' limits for bound nucleons in the ``p Mean Life'' data block just in front of the list of possible pdecay modes. Such modes could of course be to three (or five) neutrinos, and the limits are stronger, but we do not repeat them here.


pdgid: S017AMU
type: h
text:
The mass is known much more precisely in u (atomic mass units) than in MeV. See the next data block.


pdgid: S017T
type: h
text:
Limits on lifetimes for bound neutrons are given in the section``p PARTIAL MEAN LIVES.''      We average eight of the best nine measurements, those made with ultracold neutrons (UCN's). If we include the one in-beam measurement with a comparable error (YUE 2013), we get 878.6+-0.6 s, where the scale factor is now 2.2.      For a recent discussion of the long-standing disagreement between in-beam and UCN results, see CZARNECKI 2018 (Physical Review Letters  120 202002 (2018)). For a full review of all matters concerning the neutron lifetime until about 2010, see WIETFELDT 2011, F.E. Wietfeldt and G.L. Greene, ``The neutron lifetime,'' Reviews of Modern Physics  83 1173 (2011).


pdgid: S017EDM
type: h
text:
A nonzero value is forbidden by both T invariance and P invariance. A number of early results have been omitted. See RAMSEY 1990, GOLUB 1994, and LAMOREAUX 2009 for reviews.      The results are upper limits on |d_{{n}}|.


pdgid: S017MCR
type: h
text:
The mean-square charge radius of the neutron, <r(n)**2>, is related to the neutron-electron scattering length b(n e) by <r(n)**2> = 3(mass(e)a(0)/mass(n))b(n e), where mass(e) and mass(n) are the masses of the electron and neutron, and a(0) is the Bohr radius.  Numerically, <r(n)**2> = 86.34b(n e), if we use a(0) for a nucleus with infinite mass.


pdgid: S017EPL
type: h
text:
Following is the electric polarizability alpha(n) defined in terms of the induced electric dipole moment by D = 4piepsilon(0)alpha(n)E. For a review, see SCHMIEDMAYER 1989.      For a very complete reviews of the polarizability of the nucleon and Compton scattering, see SCHUMACHER 2005, updated in SCHUMACHER 2019, and GRIESSHAMMER 2012.


pdgid: S017NAN
type: h
text:
A test of DeltaB=2 baryon number nonconservation. MOHAPATRA 1980 and MOHAPATRA 1989 discuss the theoretical motivations for looking for n nbar oscillations. DOVER 1983 and DOVER 1985 give phenomenological analyses. The best limits come from looking for the decay of neutrons bound in nuclei.  However, these analyses require model-dependent corrections for nuclear effects. See KABIR 1983, DOVER 1989, ALBERICO 1991, and GAL 2000 for discussions.  Direct searches for n --> nbar transitions using reactor neutrons are cleaner but give somewhat poorer limits. We include limits for both free and bound neutrons in the Summary Table. See MOHAPATRA 2009 and PHILLIPS 2016 for recent reviews.


pdgid: S017NOS
type: h
text:
Lee and Yang (LEE 1956) proposed the existence of mirror world in an attempt to restore global parity symmetry.  A possible candidate for dark matter. Limits depend on assumptions about fields B and B^'. See the papers for details. See BEREZHIANI 2018 for a recent discussion.


pdgid: S017AV
type: h
text:
In the Standard Model lambda==g(A)/g(V) is related to parameter a, e-nubar_{{e}} angular correlation coefficient, by a = (1 - lambda**2) / (1 + 3lambda**2); this assumes that g(A) and  g(V) are real. The relationship between a and lambda is further  modified once recoil corrections are included, see WIETFELDT 2024.


pdgid: S017BA
type: h
text:
This is the neutron-spin electron-momentum correlation coefficient. The coefficient itself is not  well defined in any measurement once higher-order radiative and recoil corrections, which are  experiment dependent, are included. By contrast, measurements of the ratio  lambda==g(A)/g(V) (see data block above) incorporate  such higher-order effects. For this reason, and in order to meaningfully compare results from  different measurements, we list here the zero-recoil-order A-coefficient, which in the Standard  Model and at zero recoil order, is related to  lambda==g(A)/g(V) by A = -2 lambda  (lambda + 1) / (1 + 3lambda**2); this assumes that g(A) and  g(V) are real. See e.g. MAERKISCH 2019 and BROWN 2018.


pdgid: S017NA
type: h
text:
This is the neutron-spin antineutrino-momentum correlation coefficient. In the Standard Model, B is related to lambda==g(A)/g(V)  by B = 2lambda(lambda - 1) / (1 + 3lambda**2); this assumes that g(A) and g(V) are real.


pdgid: S017APC
type: h
text:
Describes the correlation between the neutron spin and the proton momentum.  In the Standard Model, C is related to lambda==g(A)/g(V)  by C = -x(c) (A + B) = x(c) 4lambda/(1 + 3lambda**2), where x(c) = 0.27484 is a kinematic factor; this assumes that g(A) and g(V) are real.


pdgid: S017BNC
type: h
text:
For a review of past measurements of the a-coefficient, see WIETFELDT 2005. The  a-coefficient itself is not well defined in any measurement once higher-order radiative  and recoil corrections, which are experiment dependent, are included. By contrast, measurements of  the ratio lambda==g(A)/g(V) (see data block above)  incorporate such higher-order effects. For this reason, and in order to meaningfully compare  results for the angular correlation coefficient from measurements of different observables, we list  here the zero-recoil-order a-coefficient, denoted a(0), which in the Standard  Model and at zero recoil order, is related to lambda by  a(0) = (1 -  lambda**2) / (1 + 3lambda**2); this assumes that g(A) and  g(V) are real. See also the discussion in WIETFELDT 2024.


pdgid: S017F
type: h
text:
Time reversal invariance requires this to be 0 or 180degrees. This is related to D given in the next data block and lambda == g(A)/g(V) by sin(phi(AV)) == D(1+3lambda**2)/2|lambda|; this assumes that g(A) and g(V) are real.


pdgid: S017D1
type: h
text:
These are measurements of the component of n spin perpendicular to the decay plane in beta decay. Should be zero if T invariance is not violated.


pdgid: S017TCC
type: h
text:
Another test of time-reversal invariance. R measures the polarization of the electron in the direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the neutron spin and the electron momentum. R = 0 for T invariance.


pdgid: S017A00
type: h
text:
The coefficient of the Fierz interference term, b, probes additional contributions to the  differential decay rate of the neutron from scalar or tensor current interactions, beyond the  Standard Model.


pdgid: B033MM
type: h
text:
The values are extracted from UCLA and SIN data on pi+ p bremsstrahlung using a variety of different theoretical approximations and methods. Our estimate is only a rough guess of the range we expect the moment to lie within.


pdgid: S018T
type: h
text:
Measurements with an error >= 0.1E-10 s have been omitted altogether, and only the highest-statistics are used.


pdgid: S018A05
type: h
text:
Upper limit for the oscillation rate of (Lambdabar --> Lambda) hyperons. A test of baryon number nonconservation. We quote the oscillation parameter deltam(Lambdabar Lambda), deduced from the oscillation rate P(Lambda) and the hyperon lifetime meanlife(Lambda), as (deltam(Lambdabar Lambda))**2 = P(Lambda) / 2meanlife**2(Lambda).


pdgid: S018A-
type: h
text:
OUR FIT value is obtained from measurements of alpha(Xi-), alpha(-)(Lambda), and alpha(Xi-)*alpha(-)(Lambda).


pdgid: S018AL
type: h
text:
Zero if CP is conserved; alpha(-) and alpha(+) are the asymmetry parameters for Lambda --> p pi- and Lambdabar --> pbar pi+ decay. See also the Xi- for a similar test involving the decay chain Xi- --> Lambda pi-, Lambda --> p pi- and the corresponding antiparticle chain.


pdgid: S018AV
type: h
text:
Measurements with fewer than 500 events have been omitted.  Where necessary, signs have been changed to agree with our conventions, which are given in the ``Note on Baryon Decay Parameters'' in the neutron Listings.  The measurements all assume that the form factor g(2) = 0.  See also the footnote on DWORKIN 1990.


pdgid: B038R9
type: h
text:
The Lambda pi pi mode is largely due to Sigma(1385) pi. Only the values of (Sigma(1385) pi) / (Lambda 2pi) given by MAST 1973B and CORDEN 1975 are based on real 3-body partial-wave analyses. The discrepancy between the two results is essentially due to the different hypotheses made concerning the shape of the (pipi)_{{\mathit S}-{\text{wave}}} state.


pdgid: S019R2
type: h
text:
The pi+ momentum cuts differ, so we do not average the results but simply use the latest value in the Summary Table.


pdgid: S019R5
type: h
text:
Test of DeltaS = DeltaQ rule. Experiments with an effective denominator less than 100,000 have been omitted.


pdgid: S019R12
type: h
text:
A test for a Delta(S) = 1 weak neutral current, but also allowed by higher-order electroweak interactions.


pdgid: S021T
type: h
text:
These lifetimes are deduced from measurements of the cross sections for the Primakoff process Lambda --> Sigma0 in nuclear Coulomb fields. An alternative expression of the same information is the Sigma0-Lambda transition magnetic moment given in the following section.  The relation is (moment(Sigma Lambda)/moment(N))**2 tau = 1.92951E-19 s (see DEVLIN 1986).


pdgid: S020R4
type: h
text:
The pi+ momentum cuts differ, so we do not average the results but simply use the latest value for the Summary Table.


pdgid: S020AV2
type: h
text:
Measurements with fewer than 500 events have been omitted. Where necessary, signs have been changed to agree with our conventions, which are given in the ``Note on Baryon Decay Parameters'' in the neutron Listings. What is actually listed is |g(1)/f(1)-0.237g(2)/f(1)|. This reduces to electron gfactor(A)/electron gfactor(V) == g(1)(0)/f(1)(0) on making the usual assumption that g(2) = 0. See also the note on HSUEH 1988.


pdgid: S020F2
type: h
text:
The signs have been changed to be in accord with our conventions, given in the ``Note on Baryon Decay Parameters'' in the neutron Listings.


pdgid: S020TC
type: h
text:
The coefficient D of the term D P.(phat(e)xphat(nu)) in the Sigma- --> n e- nubar decay angular distribution. A nonzero value would indicate a violation of time-reversal invariance.


pdgid: S020AV
type: h
text:
For the sign convention, see the ``Note on Baryon Decay Parameters'' in the neutron Listings. The value is predicted to be zero by conserved vector current theory. The values averaged assume CVC-SU(3) weak magnetism term.


pdgid: S023M
type: h
text:
The fit uses the Xi0, Xi-, and Xibar()+ masses and the Xi--Xi0 mass difference. It assumes that the Xi- and Xibar()+ masses are the same.


pdgid: S023A
type: h
text:
The PDG 2022 average alpha(Xi0)alpha(-)(Lambda) = -0.261+-0.006 divided by the PDG 2022 average alpha(-)(Lambda) = 0.748+-0.007  gives alpha(Xi0) = -0.349+-0.009.


pdgid: S022M
type: h
text:
The fit uses the Xi-, Xibar()+, and Xi0 masses and the Xi-Xibar+ mass difference. It assumes that the Xi- and Xibar+ masses are the same.


pdgid: S022M1
type: h
text:
The fit uses the Xi-, Xibar()+, and Xi0 masses and the Xi--Xibar()+ mass difference. It assumes that the Xi- and Xibar+ masses are the same.


pdgid: S022ACP
type: h
text:
This is zero if CP is conserved.  The alpha's are the decay-asymmetry parameters for Xi- --> Lambda pi- and Lambda --> p pi- and for Xibar+ --> Lambdabar pi+ and Lambdabar --> pbar pi+.


pdgid: S024T
type: h
text:
Measurements with an error > 0.1E-10 s have been omitted. The fit assumes the Omega- and Omegabar+ mean lives are the same, and averages them together.


pdgid: S024AL
type: h
text:
The above average, alpha(Omega-)alpha(-)(Lambda) = , divided by our current average alpha(-)(Lambda) =  gives alpha(Omega-):


pdgid: S033M
type: h
text:
Our value in 2004, 2284.9+-0.6 MeV, was the average of the measurements now filed below as ``not used.'' The BABAR measurement is so much better that we use it alone. Note that it is about 2.6 (old) standard deviations above the 2004 value.      The fit also includes Sigma_{{c}}-Lambda_{{c}}()+ and Lambda_{{c}}^*()+-Lambda_{{c}}()+ mass-difference measurements, but this doesn't affect the Lambda_{{c}}()+ mass. The new (in 2006) Lambda_{{c}}()+ mass simply pushes all those other masses higher.


pdgid: S033T
type: h
text:
Measurements with an error >= 100E-15 s or with fewer than 20 events have been omitted from the Listings.


pdgid: S033ALC
type: h
text:
The experiments don't cover the complete (or same incomplete) M(Lambda lepton+) range, but we average them together anyway.


pdgid: S033A17
type: h
text:
The polarization is defined with respect to the daughter baryon momentum in the parent rest frame. See "Baryon Decay Parameters" review.


pdgid: B119M
type: h
text:
The mass is obtained from the Lambda_{{c}}(2595)+-Lambda_{{c}}()+ mass-difference measurements below.


pdgid: B102M
type: h
text:
The mass is obtained from the Lambda_{{c}}(2625)+-Lambda_{{c}}()+ mass-difference measurements below.


pdgid: B150M
type: h
text:
The mass is obtained from the Lambda_{{c}}(2765)+-Lambda_{{c}}()+ mass-difference measurement below.


pdgid: S040T
type: h
text:
See b-baryon Admixture section for data on b-baryon mean life average over species of b-baryon particles.


pdgid: S040R6
type: h
text:
The values and averages in this section serve only to show what values result if one assumes our B(b --> b-baryon).  They cannot be thought of as measurements since the underlying product branching fractions were also used to determine B(b --> b-baryon) as described in the note on ``Production and Decay of b-Flavored Hadrons.''


pdgid: S040A22
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> p pi- pi+ pi-) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p pi- pi+) pi-)


pdgid: S040A23
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 -->(p pi- pi+ pi-)(LBM)) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p pi- pi+) pi-). Two-body low invariant-mass region (LBM): m(p pi-) < 2000MeV and m(pi+ pi-) < 1640 MeV.


pdgid: S040A29
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> p a_1(1260)-) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p pi- pi+) pi-). 419 < m(pi+ pi- pi+) < 1500 MeV.


pdgid: S040A30
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> N(1520)0 rho(770)0) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p pi- pi+) pi-). 1078 < m(p pi-) < 1800 MeV and m(pi+ pi-) < 1100 MeV.


pdgid: S040A31
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> Delta(1232)++ pi- pi-) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p pi- pi+) pi-). 1078 < m(p pi+) < 1432 MeV.


pdgid: S040A24
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> p K- pi+ pi-) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p K- pi+) pi-)


pdgid: S040A25
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP)==A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 -->(p K- pi+ pi-)(LBM))-A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p K- pi+) pi-). Two-body low invariant-mass region (LBM): m(p K-) < 2000 MeV and  m(pi+ pi-) < 1640 MeV.


pdgid: S040A32
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> N(1520)0 K^*(892)0) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p K- pi+) pi-). 1078 < m(p pi-) < 1800 MeV and 750 < m(pi+ K-) < 1100 MeV.


pdgid: S040A33
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> Lambda(1520) rho(770)0) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p K- pi+) pi-). 1460 < m(p K-) < 1580 MeV and m(pi+ pi-) < 1100 MeV.


pdgid: S040A34
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> Delta(1232)++ K- pi-) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p K- pi+) pi-). 1078 < m(p pi+) < 1432 MeV.


pdgid: S040A35
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> p K_1(1410)-) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p K- pi+) pi-). 1200 < m(K- pi+ pi-) < 1600 MeV.


pdgid: S040A26
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> p K- K+ pi-) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p pi- pi+) pi-)


pdgid: S040A27
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> p K- K+ K-) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p K- pi+) pi-)


pdgid: S040A36
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> Lambda(1520) phi(1020)) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p K- pi+) pi-). 1460 < m(p K-) < 1600 MeV and 1005 < m(K+ K-) < 1040 MeV.


pdgid: S040A37
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP)== A(CP) (Lambda_b()0 --> (p K-)(highmass) phi(1020)) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+--> p K- pi+) pi-). m(p K-) > 1600 MeV and 1005 < m(K+ K-) < 1040 MeV.


pdgid: S040A28
type: h
text:
DeltaA(CP) == A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 -->(p K- K+ K-)(LBM)) - A(CP)(Lambda_b()0 --> (Lambda_c()+ --> p K- pi+) pi-). Two-body low invariant-mass region (LBM): m(p K-) < 2000 MeVand m(K+ K-) < 1675 MeV.


pdgid: S040A08
type: h
text:
Observable calculated as half of the difference between triple products for Lambda_{{b}}()0 and Lambdabar_{{b}}()0, which is sensitive to CP violation.


pdgid: S040A21
type: h
text:
Difference of asymmetries A(FB)**lepton(mu mu) in Lambda_b --> Lambda mu+ mu- between Lambda_b and Lambdabar_b decays


pdgid: S069A03
type: h
text:
A(P)(Xi_{{b}}()) = [sigma(Xi_{{b}}()-) - sigma(Xi_{{b}}()+) ]/[sigma(Xi_{{b}}()-) + sigma(Xi_{{b}}()+)]


pdgid: S070A01
type: h
text:
Observable calculated as average of the triple products for Xi_{{b}}()0 and Xibar_{{b}}()0, which is sensitive to parity violation.


pdgid: S070A02
type: h
text:
Observable calculated as half of the difference between triple products for Xi_{{b}}()0 and Xibar_{{b}}()0, which is sensitive to CP violation.


pdgid: S061T
type: h
text:
Each measurement of the b-baryon mean life is an average over an admixture of various bbaryons which decay weakly.  Different techniques emphasize different admixtures of produced particles, which could result in a different b-baryon mean life. More b-baryon flavor specific channels are not included in the measurement.


pdgid: S046CNT
type: h
text:
chitilde_{{1}}()0 (Lightest Neutralino) mass limit  - Accelerator limits for stable chitilde_{{1}}()0  - Bounds on chitilde_{{1}}()0 from dark matter searches  - chitilde_{{1}}()0-p elastic cross section   Spin-dependent interactions   Spin-independent interactions  - Other bounds on chitilde_{{1}}()0 from astrophysics and cosmology  - Unstable chitilde_{{1}}()0 (Lightest Neutralino) mass limit  chitilde_{{2}}()0, chitilde_{{3}}()0, chitilde_{{4}}()0 (Neutralinos) mass limits  chitilde_{{1}}()+-, chitilde_{{2}}()+- (Charginos) mass limits  Long-lived chitilde+- (Chargino) mass limit  nutilde (Sneutrino) mass limit  Charged sleptons  - R-parity conserving etilde (Selectron) mass limit  - R-partiy violating etilde (Selectron) mass limit  - R-parity conserving mutilde (Smuon) mass limit  - R-parity violating mutilde (Smuon) mass limit  - R-parity conserving tautilde (Stau) mass limit  - R-parity violating tautilde (Stau) mass limit  - Long-lived leptontilde (Slepton) mass limit  qtilde (Squark) mass limit  - R-parity conserving qtilde (Squark) mass limit  - R-parity violating qtilde (Squark) mass limit  Long-lived qtilde (Squark) mass limit  btilde (Sbottom) mass limit  - R-parity conserving btilde (Sbottom) mass limit  - R-parity violating btilde (Sbottom) mass limit  ttilde (Stop) mass limit  - R-parity conserving ttilde (Stop) mass limit  - R-parity violating ttilde (Stop) mass limit  Heavy gtilde (Gluino) mass limit  - R-parity conserving  heavy gtilde (Gluino) mass limit  - R-parity violating  heavy gtilde (Gluino) mass limit  Long-lived gtilde (Gluino) mass limit  Light Gtilde (Gravitino) mass limits from collider experiments  Supersymmetry miscellaneous results


pdgid: S046PHA
type: h
text:
Unless otherwise stated, results in this section assume spectra, production rates, decay modes, and branching ratios as evaluated in the MSSM, with gaugino and sfermion mass unification at the GUT scale. These papers generally study production of chitilde_i()0 chitilde_j()0 (i>=1, j>=2), chitilde_1()+ chitilde_1()-, and (in the case of hadronic collisions) chitilde_1()+ chitilde_2()0 pairs.  The mass limits on chitilde_{{1}}()0 are either direct, or follow indirectly from the constraints set by the non-observation of chitilde_{{1}}()+- and chitilde_{{2}}()0 states on the gaugino and higgsino MSSM parameters M(2) and mu. In some cases, information is used from the nonobservation of slepton decays.      Obsolete limits obtained from e+ e- collisions up to sqrt(s)=184 GeV have been removed from this compilation and can be found in the 2000 Edition (The European Physical Journal  C15 1 (2000)) of this Review. Delta(m)=mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0).


pdgid: S046PHB
type: h
text:
These papers generally exclude regions in the M(2)-mu parameter plane assuming that chitilde_{{1}}()0 is the dominant form of dark matter in the galactic halo. These limits are based on the lack of detection in laboratory experiments, telescopes, or by the absence of a signal in underground neutrino detectors. The latter signal is expected  if chitilde_{{1}}()0 accumulates in the Sun or the Earth and annihilates into high-energy nu's.


pdgid: S046PHC
type: h
text:
Most of these papers generally exclude regions in the M(2)-mu parameter plane by requiring that the chitilde_{{1}}()0 contribution to the overall cosmological density is less than some maximal value to avoid overclosure of the Universe.  Those not based on the cosmological density are indicated. Many of these papers also include LEP and/or other bounds.


pdgid: S046UPH
type: h
text:
Unless otherwise stated, results in this section assume spectra and production rates as evaluated in the MSSM. Unless otherwise stated, the goldstino or gravitino mass mass(Gtilde) is assumed to be negligible relative to all other masses.  In the following, Gtilde is assumed to be undetected and to give rise to a missing energy (notE) signature.      Some earlier papers are now obsolete and have been omitted. They were last listed in our PDG 2014 edition: K. Olive, et al. (Particle Data Group), Chinese Physics  C38 070001 (2014) (http://pdg.lbl.gov).


pdgid: S046ZNO
type: h
text:
Neutralinos are unknown mixtures of photinos, z-inos, and neutral higgsinos (the supersymmetric partners of photons and of Z and Higgs bosons). The limits here apply only to chitilde_{{2}}()0, chitilde_{{3}}()0, and chitilde_{{4}}()0.  chitilde_{{1}}()0 is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP); see chitilde_{{1}}()0 Mass Limits. It is not possible to quote rigorous mass limits because they are extremely model dependent; i.e. they depend on branching ratios of various chitilde()0 decay modes, on the masses of decay products (etilde, gammatilde, qtilde, gtilde), and on the etilde mass exchanged in e+ e- --> chitilde_i()0 chitilde_j()0. Limits arise either from direct searches, or from the MSSM constraints set on the gaugino and higgsino mass parameters M(2) and mu through searches for lighter charginos and neutralinos. Often limits are given as contour plots in the mass(chitilde()0)-mass(etilde) plane vs other parameters.  When specific assumptions are made, e.g, the neutralino is a pure photino (gammatilde), pure z-ino (Ztilde), or pure neutral higgsino (Htilde0), the neutralinos will be labelled as such.      Limits obtained from e+ e- collisions at energies up to 136 GeV, as well as other limits from different techniques, are now superseded and have not been included in this compilation.  They can be found in the 1998 Edition (The European Physical Journal  C3 1 (1998)) of this Review. Some later papers are now obsolete and have been omitted. They were last listed in our PDG 2014 edition: K. Olive, et al. (Particle Data Group), Chinese Physics  C38 070001 (2014) (http://pdg.lbl.gov).


pdgid: S046WNO
type: h
text:
Charginos  are unknown mixtures of w-inos and charged higgsinos (the supersymmetric partners of W and Higgs bosons). A lower mass limit for the lightest chargino (chitilde_{{1}}()+-) of approximately 45 GeV, independent of the field composition and of the decay mode, has been obtained by the LEP experiments from the analysis of the Z width and decays. These results, as well as other now superseded limits from e+ e- collisions at energies below 136GeV, and from hadronic collisions, can be found in the 1998 Edition (The European Physical Journal  C3 1 (1998)) of this Review.      Unless otherwise stated, results in this section assume spectra, production rates, decay modes and branching ratios as evaluated in the MSSM, with gaugino and sfermion mass unification at the GUT scale. These papers generally study production of chitilde_1()0 chitilde_2()0, chitilde_1()+ chitilde_1()- and (in the case of hadronic collisions) chitilde_1()+ chitilde_2()0 pairs, including the effects of cascade decays. The mass limits on chitilde_{{1}}()+- are either direct, or follow indirectly from the constraints set by the non-observation of chitilde_{{2}}()0 states on the gaugino and higgsino MSSM parameters M(2) and mu. For generic values of the MSSM parameters, limits from high-energy e+ e- collisions coincide with the highest value of the mass allowed by phase-space, namely mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)~<sqrt(s)/2. The still unpublished combination of the results of the four LEP collaborations from the 2000 run of LEP2 at sqrt(s) up to ~209GeV  yields a lower mass limit of 103.5GeV valid for general MSSM models. The limits become however weaker in certain regions of the MSSM parameter space where the detection efficiencies or production cross sections are suppressed.  For example, this may happen when: (i)the mass differences Delta(m)_+= mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) or Deltamass(nu)= mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)-mass(nutilde) are very small, and the detection efficiency is reduced; (ii)the electron sneutrino mass is small, and the chitilde_{{1}}()+- production rate is suppressed due to a destructive interference between s and t channel exchange diagrams. The regions of MSSM parameter space where the following limits are valid are indicated in the comment lines or in the footnotes.      Some earlier papers are now obsolete and have been omitted. They were last listed in our PDG 2014 edition: K. Olive, et al. (Particle Data Group), Chinese Physics  C38 070001 (2014) (http://pdg.lbl.gov).


pdgid: S046SNU
type: h
text:
The limits may depend on the number, N(nutilde), of sneutrinos assumed to be degenerate in mass. Only nutilde_{{L}} (not nutilde_{{R}}) is assumed to exist. It is possible that nutilde could be the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP).      We report here, but do not include in the Listings, the limits obtained from the fit of the final results obtained by the LEP Collaborations on the invisible width of the Zboson (DeltaGamma(inv.)<2.0 MeV, LEP-SLC 2006): mass(nutilde)>43.7 GeV (N(nutilde)=1) and mass(nutilde)>44.7 GeV (N(nutilde)=3) .      Some earlier papers are now obsolete and have been omitted. They were last listed in our PDG 2014 edition: K. Olive, et al. (Particle Data Group), Chinese Physics  C38 070001 (2014) (http://pdg.lbl.gov).


pdgid: S046SE
type: h
text:
Some earlier papers are now obsolete and have been omitted. They were last listed in our PDG 2014 edition: K. Olive, et al. (Particle Data Group), Chinese Physics  C38 070001 (2014) (http://pdg.lbl.gov).


pdgid: S046SLP
type: h
text:
Limits on scalar leptons which leave detector before decaying.  Limits from Z decays are independent of lepton flavor.  Limits from continuum e+ e- annihilation are also independent of flavor for smuons and staus.  Selectron limits from e+ e- collisions in the continuum depend on MSSM parameters because of the additional neutralino exchange contribution.


pdgid: S046SSQ
type: h
text:
The following are bounds on long-lived scalar quarks, assumed to hadronise into hadrons with lifetime long enough to escape the detector prior to a possible decay.  Limits may depend on the mixing angle of mass eigenstates: qtilde_{{1}}=qtilde_{{L}}cos(theta(q))+qtilde_{{R}}sin(theta(q)). The coupling to the Z0 boson vanishes for up-type squarks when theta(u)=0.98, and for down type squarks when theta(d)=1.17.


pdgid: S046LGN
type: h
text:
Limits on light gluinos (mass(gtilde) < 5 GeV) were last listed in our PDG 2014 edition: K. Olive, et al. (Particle Data Group), Chinese Physics  C38 070001 (2014) (http://pdg.lbl.gov).


pdgid: S046GTN
type: h
text:
The following are bounds on light (<<1eV) gravitino indirectly inferred from its coupling to matter suppressed by the gravitino decay constant.      Unless otherwise stated, all limits assume that other supersymmetric particles besides  the gravitino are too heavy to be produced. The gravitino is assumed to be undetected and to give rise to a missing energy (notE) signature.      Some earlier papers are now obsolete and have been omitted. They were last listed in our PDG 2014 edition: K. Olive, et al. (Particle Data Group), Chinese Physics  C38 070001 (2014) (http://pdg.lbl.gov).


pdgid: S046OTH
type: h
text:
Results that do not appear under other headings or that make nonminimal assumptions.      Some earlier papers are now obsolete and have been omitted. They were last listed in our PDG 2014 edition: K. Olive, et al. (Particle Data Group), Chinese Physics  C38 070001 (2014) (http://pdg.lbl.gov).


pdgid: S054CNT
type: h
text:
Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(e e e e)  Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(e e mu mu)  Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(e e tau tau)  Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(lepton lepton lepton lepton)  Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(e e q q)  Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(mu mu q q)  Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(lepton nu lepton nu)  Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(e nu q q)  Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(q q q q)  Scale Limits for Contact Interactions:  Lambda(nu nu q q)  Mass Limits for Excited e (e^*)  - Limits for Excited e (e^*) from Pair Production  - Limits for Excited e (e^*) from Single Production  - Limits for Excited e (e^*) from e+ e- --> gamma gamma  - Indirect Limits for Excited e (e^*)  Mass Limits for Excited mu (mu^*)  - Limits for Excited mu (mu^*) from Pair Production  - Limits for Excited mu (mu^*) from Single Production  - Indirect Limits for Excited mu (mu^*)  Mass Limits for Excited tau (tau^*)  - Limits for Excited tau (tau^*) from Pair Production  - Limits for Excited tau (tau^*) from Single Production  Mass Limits for Excited Neutrino (nu^*)  - Limits for Excited nu (nu^*) from Pair Production  - Limits for Excited nu (nu^*) from Single Production  Mass Limits for Excited q (q^*)  - Limits for Excited q (q^*) from Pair Production  - Limits for Excited q (q^*) from Single Production  Mass Limits for Color Sextet Quarks (q_{{6}})  Mass Limits for Color Octet Charged Leptons (lepton_{{8}})  Mass Limits for Color Octet Neutrinos (nu_{{8}})  Mass Limits for W_{{8}} (Color Octet W Boson)


pdgid: S054EXP
type: h
text:
These limits are obtained from e+ e- --> e^*+ e^*- and thus rely only on the (electroweak) charge of e^*. Form factor effects are ignored unless noted. For the case of limits from Z decay, the e^* coupling is assumed to be of sequential type.  Possible tchannel contribution from transition magnetic coupling is neglected. All limits assume a dominant e^* --> e gamma decay except the limits from Gamma(Z).      For limits prior to 1987, see our 1992 edition (Physical Review  D45 S1 (1992)).


pdgid: S054EXS
type: h
text:
These limits are from e+ e- --> e^* e, W --> e^* nu, or e p --> e^* X and depend on transition magnetic coupling between e and e^*. All limits assume e^* --> e gamma decay except as noted. Limits from LEP, UA2, and H1 are for chiral coupling, whereas all other limits are for nonchiral coupling, eta_{{L}} = eta_{{R}} = 1.  In most papers, the limit is expressed in the form of an excluded region in the lambda-mass(e^*) plane.  See the original papers.      For limits prior to 1987, see our 1992 edition (Physical Review  D45 S1 (1992)).


pdgid: S054EXG
type: h
text:
These limits are derived from indirect effects due to e^* exchange in the tchannel and depend on transition magnetic coupling between e and e^*. All limits are for lambda_{{\gamma}} = 1.  All limits except ABE 1989J and ACHARD 2002D are for nonchiral coupling with eta_{{L}} = eta_{{R}} = 1. We choose the chiral coupling limit as the best limit and list it in the Summary Table.      For limits prior to 1987, see our 1992 edition (Physical Review  D45 S1 (1992)).


pdgid: S054EXI
type: h
text:
These limits make use of loop effects involving e^* and are therefore subject to theoretical uncertainty.


pdgid: S054MXP
type: h
text:
These limits are obtained from e+ e- --> mu^*+ mu^*- and thus rely only on the (electroweak) charge of mu^*. Form factor effects are ignored unless noted. For the case of limits from Z decay, the mu^* coupling is assumed to be of sequential type. All limits assume a dominant mu^* --> mu gamma decay except the limits from Gamma(Z).      For limits prior to 1987, see our 1992 edition (Physical Review  D45 S1 (1992)).


pdgid: S054MXS
type: h
text:
These limits are from e+ e- --> mu^* mu and depend on transition magnetic coupling between mu and mu^*. All limits assume mu^* --> mu gamma decay. Limits from LEP are for chiral coupling, whereas all other limits are for nonchiral coupling, eta_{{L}} = eta_{{R}} = 1. In most papers, the limit is expressed in the form of an excluded region in the lambda-mass(mu^*) plane. See the original papers.      For limits prior to 1987, see our 1992 edition (Physical Review  D45 S1 (1992)).


pdgid: S054MXI
type: h
text:
These limits make use of loop effects involving mu^* and are therefore subject to theoretical uncertainty.


pdgid: S054TXP
type: h
text:
These limits are obtained from e+ e- --> tau^*+ tau^*- and thus rely only on the (electroweak) charge of tau^*. Form factor effects are ignored unless noted. For the case of limits from Z decay, the tau^* coupling is assumed to be of sequential type. All limits assume a dominant tau^* --> tau gamma decay except the limits from Gamma(Z).      For limits prior to 1987, see our 1992 edition (Physical Review  D45 S1 (1992)).


pdgid: S054TXS
type: h
text:
These limits are from e+ e- --> tau^* tau and depend on transition magnetic coupling between tau and tau^*. All limits assume tau^* --> tau gamma decay. Limits from LEP are for chiral coupling, whereas all other limits are for nonchiral coupling, eta_{{L}} = eta_{{R}} = 1. In most papers, the limit is expressed in the form of an excluded region in the lambda-mass(tau^*) plane. See the original papers.


pdgid: S054EXN
type: h
text:
These limits are obtained from e+ e- --> nu^* nu^* and thus rely only on the (electroweak) charge of nu^*. Form factor effects are ignored unless noted. The nu^* coupling is assumed to be of sequential type unless otherwise noted. All limits assume a dominant nu^* --> nu gamma decay except the limits from Gamma(Z).


pdgid: S054EXO
type: h
text:
These limits are from e+ e- --> nu nu^*, Z --> nu nu^*, or e p --> nu^* X and depend on transition magnetic coupling between nu/e and nu^*. Assumptions about nu^* decay mode are given in footnotes.


pdgid: S054EQP
type: h
text:
These limits are mostly obtained from e+ e- --> q^* qbar^* and thus rely only on the (electroweak) charge of the q^*.  Form factor effects are ignored unless noted. Assumptions about the q^* decay are given in the comments and footnotes.


pdgid: S054EQS
type: h
text:
These limits are from e+ e- --> q^* qbar, p pbar --> q^* X, or p p -->  q^* X and depend on transition magnetic couplings between q and q^*.  Assumptions about q^* decay mode are given in the footnotes and comments.


pdgid: S071CNT
type: h
text:
Limits on R from Deviations in Gravitational Force Law  Limits on R from On-Shell Production of Gravitons: delta = 2  Mass Limits on M(TT)  Limits on 1/R = M(c)  Limits on Kaluza-Klein Gravitons in Warped Extra Dimensions  Limits on Kaluza-Klein Gluons in Warped Extra Dimensions  Black Hole Production Limits  - Semiclassical Black Holes  - Quantum Black Holes


pdgid: S071DGF
type: h
text:
This section includes limits on the size of extra dimensions from deviations in the Newtonian (1/r**2) gravitational force law at short distances. Deviations are parametrized by a gravitational potential of the form V=-(G m m'/r) [1 + alpha exp(-r/R)]. For delta toroidal extra dimensions of equal size, alpha = 8delta/3. Quoted bounds are for delta = 2 unless otherwise noted.


pdgid: S071OS6
type: h
text:
This section includes limits on on-shell production of gravitons in collider and astrophysical processes.  Bounds quoted are on R, the assumed common radius of the flat extra dimensions, for delta = 2 extra dimensions. Studies often quote bounds in terms of derived parameter; experiments are actually sensitive to the masses of the KK gravitons: m(nvec) = |nvec|/R. See the Review on ``Extra Dimensions'' for details. Bounds are given in mum for delta = 2.


pdgid: S071GEX
type: h
text:
This section includes limits on the cut-off mass scale, M(TT), of dimension-8 operators from KK graviton exchange in models of large extra dimensions.  Ambiguities in the UV-divergent summation are absorbed into the parameter lambda, which is taken to be lambda = +-1 in the following analyses.  Bounds for lambda = -1 are shown in parenthesis after the bound for lambda = +1, if appropriate. Different papers use slightly different definitions of the mass scale. The definition used here is related to another popular convention by M(TT)**4 = (2/pi) Lambda(T)**4,  as discussed in the above Review on ``Extra Dimensions.''


pdgid: S071KK
type: h
text:
This section includes limits on 1/R = M(c), the compactification scale in models with one TeV-sized extra dimension, due to exchange of Standard Model KK excitations. Bounds assume fermions are not in the bulk, unless stated otherwise. See the ``Extra Dimensions'' review for discussion of model dependence.


pdgid: S071RSG
type: h
text:
This section places limits on the mass of the first Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitation of the graviton in the warped extra dimension model of Randall and Sundrum. Bounds in parenthesis assume Standard Model fields propagate in the bulk. Experimental bounds depend strongly on the warp parameter, k. See the ``Extra Dimensions'' review for a full discussion.      Here we list limits for the value of the warp  parameter k/Mbar_{{P}} = 0.1.


pdgid: S071KKG
type: h
text:
This section places limits on the mass of the first Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitation of the gluon in warped extra dimension models with Standard Model fields propagating in the bulk. Bounds are given for a specific benchmark model with Gamma/m = 15.3% where Gamma is the width and m the mass of the KK gluon. See the``Extra Dimensions'' review for more discussion.


pdgid: S030DI1
type: h
text:
For limits from X0 annihilation in the Sun, the assumed annihilation final state is shown in parenthesis in the comment.


pdgid: S030DMA
type: h
text:
Limits are on sigma v for X0 pair annihilation for the X0 mass specified in the footnote when needed.


pdgid: S030DMP
type: h
text:
Searches for X0 production in asociation with observable particles (gamma,  jets, ...) in high energy  hadron collisions. If a specific form of effective interaction Lagrangian is assumed, the limits may be translated into limits on X0-nucleon scattering cross section.


pdgid: S015NPH
type: h
text:
This subsection lists some of the search experiments which look for general signatures characteristic of new physics, independent of the framework of a specific model.      The observed events are compatible with Standard Model expectation, unless noted otherwise.


pdgid: S015EE
type: h
text:
Ratio to CS(e+ e- --> mu+ mu-) unless noted.  See also entries in Free Quark Search and Magnetic Monopole Searches.


pdgid: S015DY
type: h
text:
Limits are for spin 1/2 particles with no color and SU(2)(L) charge. The electric charge Q of the particle (in the unit of e) is therefore equal to its weak hypercharge. Pair production by Drell-Yan like gamma and Z exchange is assumed to derive the limits.


# pdgmeasurement

pdgid: S126SHH
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
13 TeV, b bbar gamma gamma, b bbar tau tau, b bbar b bbar, b bbar W W^*, W W^* gamma gamma, W W^* W W^*


pdgid: S046PHA
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
t mutilde_L production, RPV, mutilde_L --> mu chitilde_1()0, lambda_{{231}}^' = 1, 200 GeV < mass(mutilde_{{L}}) < 600 GeV.


pdgid: S046PHA
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + b-jets + many jets, Tn1n1D, RPV, lambda''(323) electroweakino decay, degenerate Higgsino triplet


pdgid: S046PHA
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + b-jets + many jets, Tn1n1E, RPV, lambda(323)**'' electroweakino decay, degenerate Wino doublet


pdgid: S046UPH
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2gamma+2b-jets, Tn1n1B-like , h --> gamma gamma,  h / Z --> b b, B(chitilde_1()0 --> h Gtilde) = 36%, mass(Gtilde) = 1 MeV


pdgid: S046UPH
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
long-lived chitilde_{{1}}()0, RPV chitilde_1()0 --> tbs, lambda_{{323}}^'' coupling, 0.6 mm < ctau < 70 mm


pdgid: S046UPH
place: N
comment:
qtilde --> q chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> lepton lepton nu, RPV, lambda_{{121}} or lambda_{{122}}not=0


pdgid: S046UPH
place: N
technique: CDF
comment:
p pbar --> chitilde chitilde, chitilde=chitilde_{{2}}()0, chitilde_{{1}}()+-, chitilde_1()0 --> gamma Gtilde, GMSB


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
1-4 jets + notET + displaced low-p_{{t}} track,  Tn1n1D, Deltam (chitilde_{{1}}()+- , chitilde_{{1}}()0 ) = 0.6 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
combination, wino-like p p --> chitilde_2()0 chitilde_1()+-,  chitilde_1()+- --> W chitilde_1()0  and  chitilde_2()+- --> Z chitilde_1()0 , mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 170 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
combination, Tn1n1D, chitilde_1()0 --> Z Gtilde or chitilde_1()0 --> h Gtilde, independent of B( chitilde_1()0 --> h Gtilde)


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
RPV, 2 same-sign, 3, 4 lepton, 1, 2 b-jets, higgsino production with chitilde --> b + lepton / nu + t / b via lambda_{{i33}}^' coupling


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: B
technique: ATLS
comment:
RPV, 2 same-sign, 3, 4 lepton, 1, 2 b-jets, wino production with chitilde --> b + lepton / nu + t / b via lambda_{{i33}}^' coupling


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 or 3 lepton (soft), notET; Tchi1n2F, wino-bino,mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=10 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 or 3 lepton (soft), notET; higgsino model with chitilde_{{2}}()0 chitilde_{{1}}()+-  and chitilde_{{2}}()0 chitilde_{{1}}()0  prod., mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 7.5 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 or 3 lepton (soft), notET; higgsino model with chitilde_{{2}}()0 chitilde_{{1}}()+-  and chitilde_{{2}}()0 chitilde_{{1}}()0  prod., mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 3 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (flavor-democratic), mass(leptontilde) = 1/2(mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 850 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (flavor-democratic), mass(leptontilde) = 1/2(mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (flavor-democratic), mass(leptontilde) = 0.05mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+0.95mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (flavor-democratic), mass(leptontilde) = 0.95mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+0.05mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (lepton in chitilde_{{1}}()+- decay is tau), mass(leptontilde) = 1/2(mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (lepton in chitilde_{{1}}()+- decay is tau), mass(leptontilde) = 0.05mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+0.95mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (lepton in chitilde_{{1}}()+- decay is tau), mass(leptontilde) = 0.95mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+0.05mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (leptons in chitilde_{{1}}()+- and chitilde_{{2}}()0 decays are tau), mass(leptontilde) = 1/2(mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (leptons in chitilde_{{1}}()+- and chitilde_{{2}}()0 decays are tau), mass(leptontilde) = 0.05mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+0.95mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 same-sign e or mu, 3 or 4 leptons, Tchi1n2B (leptons in chitilde_{{1}}()+- and chitilde_{{2}}()0 decays are tau), mass(leptontilde) = 0.95mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)+0.05mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
3, 4 b-tagged or 2 large-radius jets, notET; higgsino chitilde_{{2}}()0 chitilde_{{3}}()0 prod. with chitilde_2,3()0 --> H chitilde_1()0; mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3lepton+ notET, Tchi1n2F, wino cross section, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = mass(Z)


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3lepton+ notET, Tchi1n2F, wino cross section, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)= 10 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3lepton+ notET, Tchi1n2Ga, higgsino cross section, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)= 10 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, RPV Tchi1n2I with chitilde_1()0 --> lepton+- lepton-+ nu, lambda_{{12k}} not= 0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1200 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, RPV Tchi1n2I with chitilde_1()0 --> lepton+- lepton-+ nu, lambda_{{i33}} not= 0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1000 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft), jets, notET; Tchi1n2Ga, higgsino, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=9.3 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft), jets, notET; Tchi1n2Fa, wino, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 7 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
soft tau + jet + notET, Tchi1n2D, wino,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATL
comment:
0, 1, 2 or more lepton, H (--> gamma gamma, b b, W W^*, Z Z^*, tau tau) (various searches), Tchi1n2E, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
p p --> chitilde_1()+ chitilde_2()0 + 2 jets, chitilde_2()0 --> lepton+ lepton- chitilde_1()0, heavy sleptons, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+)


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
p p --> chitilde_1()+ chitilde_2()0 + 2 jets, chitilde_2()0 --> lepton+ lepton- chitilde_1()0, heavy sleptons, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 30 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+)


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft) + notET, Tchi1n2G, higgsino, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2lepton (soft) + notET, Tchi1n2G, higgsino, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 15 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
chitilde_1()+- chitilde_2()0 --> tau+- nu chitilde_1()0 tau+- tau-+ chitilde_1()0, simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
chitilde_1()+- chitilde_2()0 --> lepton+- nu chitilde_1()0 lepton+- lepton-+ chitilde_1()0, simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
chitilde_1()+- chitilde_2()0 --> W chitilde_1()0 Z chitilde_1()0, simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046ZNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
chitilde_1()+- chitilde_2()0 --> W chitilde_1()0 H chitilde_1()0, simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
0-lepton, 2 jets, large rapidity gap, Tchi1n2F, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 1 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
combination, wino-like p p --> chitilde_1()+-  chitilde_1()+-,  chitilde_1()+- --> W chitilde_1()0 , mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
combination, Tn1n1D, chitilde_1()0 --> Z Gtilde or  chitilde_1()0 --> h Gtilde, independent of B( chitilde_1()0 --> h Gtilde)


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 disappearing track+ notET, pure wino chitilde_{{1}}()0  model, Deltam (chitilde_{{1}}()+- , chitilde_{{1}}()0 ) = 0.16 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 disappearing track+ notET, pure higgsino chitilde_{{1}}()0 model, Deltam (chitilde_{{1}}()+- , chitilde_{{1}}()0 ) = 0.3 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 or 3 lepton (soft), notET; Tchi1n2F, wino-bino, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)= 10 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets + large-R jets + notET, TWinoBinoA, nearly independent of B(chitilde_2()0 --> Z chitilde_1()0),  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets + large-R jets + notET, THinoBinoA, nearly independent of B(chitilde_2()0 --> Z chitilde_1()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3lepton+ notET, Tchi1n2F, wino cross section, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) -  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = mass(Z)


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3lepton+ notET, Tchi1n2F, wino cross section, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 10 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3lepton, Z lepton resonances, TwinoLSPBL, RPV, B(chitilde_1()+- --> Z e) = B(chitilde_1()0 --> Z nu) = 1


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3lepton, Z lepton resonances, TwinoLSPBL, RPV, B(chitilde_1()+- --> Z mu) = B(chitilde_1()0 --> Z nu) = 1


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3lepton, Z lepton resonances, TwinoLSPBL, RPV, B(chitilde_1()+- --> Z tau) = B(chitilde_1()0 --> Z nu) = 1


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3lepton, Z lepton resonances, TwinoLSPBL, RPV, B(chitilde_1()+- --> Z lepton) = B(chitilde_1()0 --> Z nu) = 1 and lepton = e,mu,tau


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft), jets, notET; Tchi1n2Fa, wino, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 7 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATL
comment:
0, 1, 2 or more lepton, H (--> gamma gamma, b b, W W^*, Z Z^*,tau tau) (various searches), Tchi1n2E, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
p p --> chitilde_1()+ chitilde_2()0+2 jets, chitilde_1()+ --> lepton+ nu chitilde_1()0, heavy sleptons, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+) = mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
p p --> chitilde_1()+ chitilde_2()0 + 2 jets, chitilde_1()+ --> lepton+ nu chitilde_1()0, heavy sleptons, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 30 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+) = mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft) + notET, Tchi1n2G, higgsino, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1gamma + notET, GGM, wino-like chitilde_2()0 chitilde_1()+- pair production, nearly degenerate wino and bino masses


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-lepton+- or >=3lepton , Tchi1n2A, mass(leptontilde) = mass(nutilde)  = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)+ 0.5 (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-lepton+- or >=3lepton , Tchi1n2A, mass(leptontilde) = mass(nutilde)  = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)+ 0.05 (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-lepton+- or >=3lepton , Tchi1n2A, mass(leptontilde) = mass(nutilde)  = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)+ 0.95 (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-lepton+- or >=3lepton , Tchi1n2H, mass(leptontilde)  = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)+ 0.5 (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-lepton+- or >=3lepton , Tchi1n2H, mass(leptontilde)   = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)+ 0.05 (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-lepton+- or >=3lepton , Tchi1n2H, mass(leptontilde)  = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)+ 0.95 (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-lepton+- or >=3lepton , Tchi1n2D, mass(tautilde) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)+ 0.5 (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
3,4lepton+notET, Tchi1n2C, mass(leptontilde) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)+ 0.5 (or 0.95) (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
RPV, >=4lepton+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W^(*)()+- chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> lepton+- lepton-+ nu


pdgid: S046WNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
chitilde_2()0 --> H chitilde_1()0 and chitilde_1()+- --> W+- chitilde_1()0 simplified models, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1gamma + 1 e or mu + notET,  Tglu1F,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) > 200 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=2 tau + notET, direct chitilde_1()+- chitilde_2()0, chitilde_1()+- chitilde_1()-+ production, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
chitilde_1()+- chitilde_1()-+ --> W+ chitilde_1()0 W- chitilde_1()0, simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046WNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
chitilde_1()+- chitilde_1()-+ --> lepton+ nu chitilde_1()0 lepton- nubar chitilde_1()0, simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SWN
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
chitilde+- --> chitilde_1()0 pi+-, lifetime 0.2 ns, mass(chitilde+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 160 MeV


pdgid: S046SWN
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
chitilde+- --> chitilde_1()0 pi+-, lifetime 1 ns, mass(chitilde+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0.14 GeV


pdgid: S046SWN
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
chitilde+- --> chitilde_1()0 pi+-, lifetime 15 ns, mass(chitilde+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0.14 GeV


pdgid: S046SNU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
RPV,>=4lepton, lambda_{{12k}}not=0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 600 GeV (mass-degenerate left-handed sleptons and sneutrinos of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046SNU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
RPV,>=4lepton, lambda_{{i33}}not=0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 300 GeV  (mass-degenerate left-handed sleptons and sneutrinos of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046SNU
place: N
comment:
RPV, mu+- mu+- + >=2jets, lambda_{{211}}^'not=0, nutilde_mu --> mu chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> mu q qbar q qbar


pdgid: S046SE
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton, leptontilde pair production, mass(etilde_{{L}}) = mass(etilde_{{R}}), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)  = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton, leptontilde pair production, mass(etilde_{{L}}) = mass(etilde_{{R}}), mass(etilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)  = 26 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: B
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + notET, mass(leptontilde_{{R}}) = mass(leptontilde_{{L}}) and leptontilde=etilde, mutilde, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: B
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton+notET, mass(leptontilde_{{R}}) = mass(leptontilde_{{L}}) and leptontilde=etilde, mutilde, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=0 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + notET,  mass(etilde_{{R}}) = mass(etilde_{{L}}), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + notET, leptontilde_{{R}} and leptontilde=etilde, mutilde, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + notET, leptontilde_{{L}} and leptontilde=etilde, mutilde, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton + notET, mass(leptontilde_{{R}}) = mass(leptontilde_{{L}}) and leptontilde=etilde, mutilde, tautilde , with mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft) + notET, mass(etilde) = mass(mutilde), mass(etilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=3lepton+-, leptontilde --> lepton+- tau-+ tau-+ Gtilde simplified model, GMSB, stau (N)NLSP scenario


pdgid: S046SE
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft), jets, notET, etilde_{{R}} only, mass(etilde_{{R}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 7.5 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft), jets, notET, etilde_{{L}} only, mass(etilde_{{L}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 7.1 GeV


pdgid: S046SE
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
leptontilde leptontilde --> lepton+ chitilde_1()0 lepton- chitilde_1()0, simplified model, mass(leptontilde_{{L}}) = mass(leptontilde_{{R}}), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SEV
place: B
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, lambda_{{12k}} not= 0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 900 GeV (mass-degenerate leptontilde_{{L}} and nutilde of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046SEV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, lambda_{{i 33}} not= 0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 450 GeV (mass-degenerate leptontilde_{{L}} and nutilde of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046SEV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, lambda_{{12k}} not= 0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 600 GeV (mass-degenerate left-handed sleptons and sneutrinos of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046SEV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, lambda_{{i33}} not= 0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 300 GeV  (mass-degenerate left-handed sleptons and sneutrinos of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046SMU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2 same-sign, 3, 4 lepton, 1, 2 b-jets, mutilde_{{L,R}} pair production with mutilde_L,R --> mu chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> b +  lepton / nu + t / b via lambda_{{i33}}^' coupling


pdgid: S046SMU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton, leptontilde pair production, mass(mutilde_{{L}}) = mass(mutilde_{{R}}), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SMU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton, leptontilde pair production, mass(mutilde_{{L}}) = mass(mutilde_{{R}}), mass(mutilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 32 GeV


pdgid: S046SMU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft), jets, notET, mutilde_{{R}} only, mass(mutilde_{{R}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 8.2 GeV


pdgid: S046SMU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft), jets, notET, mutilde_{{L}} only, mass(mutilde_{{L}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 10 GeV


pdgid: S046SMU
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + notET, mass(mutilde_{{R}}) = mass(mutilde_{{L}}), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SMU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton (soft) + notET, mass(etilde) = mass(mutilde), mass(mutilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV


pdgid: S046SMV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
t mutilde_L production, RPV, mutilde_L --> mu chitilde_1()0, lambda_{{231}}^' = 1, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=0 GeV.


pdgid: S046SMV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, lambda_{{i33}}not=0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=300 GeV  (mass-degenerate left-handed sleptons and sneutrinos of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046SMV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, lambda_{{12k}}not=0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=600 GeV (mass-degenerate left-handed sleptons and sneutrinos of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046SMV
place: N
comment:
mu+- mu+- + >=2jets, lambda_{{211}}^'not=0, mutilde_L --> mu chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> mu q qbar


pdgid: S046STA
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 tau+notET,  tau_h tau_h and lepton tau_h, mass(tautilde_{{R}})=mass(tautilde_{{L}}), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046STA
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton+notET, mass(leptontilde_{{R}})=mass(leptontilde_{{L}}), leptontilde=etilde, mutilde, tautilde, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, lambda_{{12k}}not=0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 600 GeV (mass-degenerate left-handed sleptons and sneutrinos of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046STU
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, lambda_{{i33}}not=0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 300 GeV  (mass-degenerate left-handed sleptons and sneutrinos of all 3 generations)


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton slightly displaced, long-lived mutilde,mutilde --> mu Gtilde, mass(mutilde_{{R}}) = mass(mutilde_{{L}}), meanlife(mutilde) = 10 ps


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton slightly displaced, long-lived mutilde,mutilde --> mu Gtilde, mass(mutilde_{{R}}) = mass(mutilde_{{L}}), meanlife(mutilde) = 1 ps


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 hadronic tau + notET, tautilde --> tau chitilde_1()0, maximally mixed scenario with ctau = 0.1 mm, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2lepton displaced, long-lived etilde,etilde --> e Gtilde, mass(etilde_{{R}}) = mass(etilde_{{L}}), ctau = 0.7 cm


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2lepton displaced, long-lived mutilde,mutilde --> mu Gtilde, mass(mutilde_{{R}}) = mass(mutilde_{{L}}), ctau = 3 cm


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2lepton displaced, long-lived tautilde,tautilde --> tau Gtilde, mass(tautilde_{{R}}) = mass(tautilde_{{L}}), ctau = 2 cm


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2lepton displaced, long-lived leptontilde,leptontilde --> lepton Gtilde, mass(leptontilde_{{R}}) = mass(leptontilde_{{L}}), mass(etilde()) = mass(mutilde()) = mass(tautilde), 0.005 cm < ctau < 265 cm


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2lepton displaced, long-lived leptontilde,leptontilde --> lepton Gtilde, mass(leptontilde_{{R}}) = mass(leptontilde_{{L}}), mass(etilde()) = mass(mutilde()) = mass(tautilde), ctau = 2 cm


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton displaced, long-lived etilde,etilde --> e Gtilde, mass(etilde_{{R}}) = mass(etilde_{{L}}), meanlife(etilde) = 0.1 ns


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton displaced, long-lived mutilde,mutilde --> mu Gtilde, mass(mutilde_{{R}}) = mass(mutilde_{{L}}), meanlife(mutilde) = 0.1 ns


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton displaced, long-lived tautilde,tautilde --> tau Gtilde, mixing sin(theta)(tautilde) = 0.95, meanlife(tautilde) = 0.1 ns


pdgid: S046SLP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2lepton displaced, long-lived leptontilde,leptontilde --> lepton Gtilde, mass(leptontilde_{{R}}) = mass(leptontilde_{{L}}), mass(etilde()) = mass(mutilde()) = mass(tautilde), meanlife(leptontilde) = 0.1 ns


pdgid: S046SLP
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
long-lived tautilde, tautilde_{{1}} from direct pair prod. and from decay of heavier SUSY particles, minimal GMSB, SPS line 7


pdgid: S046SLP
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
long-lived tautilde, tautilde_{{1}}() from decay of heavier SUSY particles, minimal GMSB, SPS line 7


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2 SFOS lepton, jets, notET, Tsqk2, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = (mass(qtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, ,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 AK8 jets + 1 AK4 jet, qtilde --> q chitilde_2()0 and chitilde_2()0 --> H_1 chitilde_S()0, 40 < mass(H_{{1}}) < 120 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + jets + notET, Tsqk3, 4 degenerate light qtilde_{{{{mathit ell}}}}, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(qtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 200 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + jets + notET, Tsqk3, 1 light qtilde_{{{{mathit ell}}}}, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(qtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 200 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets + notET, Tsqk3, 4 degenerate qtilde_{{l}}, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(qtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets + notET, combined gtildegtilde, gtilde qtilde, qtildeqtilde production, gtilde --> q q^' chitilde_1()0, qtilde --> q chitilde_1()0, mass(qtilde) = mass(gtilde),  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + notET, Tsqk2A, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = 1500 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + jets + notET, Tsqk2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV, any mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets+notET, Tsqk3, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.5 (mass(qtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1 or more jets+notET, Tsqk1, 4(flavor) x 2(isospin) = 8 mass degenerate states, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 jets+notET, Tsqk1, 4(flavor) x 2(isospin) = 8 degenerate mass states, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tsqk1, 4(flavor) x 2(isospin) = 8 degenerate mass states, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
photon + notET, p p --> qtilde qtilde^* gamma, qtilde --> q chitilde_1()0, mass(qtilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = mass(c)


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
qtilde --> q chitilde_1()0, simplified model, 8 degenerate light qtilde, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets + notET, qtilde --> q chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass degenerate first and second generation squarks, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets + notET, qtilde --> q chitilde_1()0 simplified model, single light-flavour squark, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets+notET, Tsqk5, (mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/ (mass(qtilde)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)) < 0.95, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 60 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
qtilde --> q chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> Stilde g, Stilde --> S Gtilde, S --> g g, mass(Stilde) = 100 GeV, mass(S) = 90 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-, qtilde --> q chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> Stilde W+-, Stilde --> S Gtilde, S --> g g, mass(Stilde) = 100 GeV, mass(S) = 90 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton+- ( lepton-+ ) + jets, qtilde --> q^' chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W^(*)()+- chitilde_2()0, chitilde_2()0 --> Z^(*)() chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 300 GeV


pdgid: S046SQK
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton+- ( lepton-+ ) + jets, qtilde --> q^' chitilde_1()+-/chitilde_{{2}}()0, chitilde_1()+- --> lepton+- nu chitilde_1()0, chitilde_2()0 --> lepton+- lepton-+ ( nu nu ) chitilde_1()0 simplified model


pdgid: S046SQV
place: L
technique: CMS
comment:
qtilde --> q chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> lepton lepton nu, lambda_{{121}} or lambda_{{122}}not=0, mass(gtilde) =  2400 GeV


pdgid: S046SQV
place: B
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets, qtilde --> q chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> lepton q q, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 108 GeV and 2.5 < ctau(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 200 mm


pdgid: S046SSQ
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
R-hadrons, ttilde --> b chitilde_1()0, Regge model, lifetime between 10**-5 and 10**3 s, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046SSQ
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
R-hadrons, ttilde --> t chitilde_1()0, Regge model, lifetime between 10**-5 and 10**3 s, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 disappearing track+ notET, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ~=  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 200 GeV, ctau(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 10 cm


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 disappearing track+ notET, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ~ mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1000 GeV, ctau(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 200 cm


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
tau+-'s + b-jets + notET, Tsbot4, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 130 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) < 180 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + notET, Tsbot3, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = 1500 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- + jets, Tsbot2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 100 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) ~ 50 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tsbot2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) < 800 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=3 b-jets+notET, Tsbot4,  >=1h(--> b bbar), mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) +130 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 H (--> gamma gamma) +  jets + notET, Tsbot4, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 130 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + jets + notET, Tsbot3, mass(leptontilde)= (mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)= 100 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 H (--> gamma gamma) +  jets + notET, Tsbot4, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 130 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 225 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: B
technique: ATLS
comment:
2 b-jets + notET, mixture Tsbot1 and Tsbot2 BR=50%, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- + jets + notET, Tsbot2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-,  Tsbot2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) < 550 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-,  Tsbot2, mass(btilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)<100 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=50 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
btilde --> t chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W^(*)() chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 60 GeV, mass(btilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) < mass(t)


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
btilde --> btilde b chitilde_2()0, chitilde_2()0 --> h chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 60 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) > 250 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
btilde --> t chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W+- chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) =50 GeV, 150<mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)<300 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=3lepton+-, btilde --> t chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W+- chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=3 b-jets + notET, btilde --> b chitilde_2()0 simplified model with chitilde_2()0 --> h chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=60 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)=300 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton+- ( lepton-+ ) + jets, btilde_1 --> t chitilde_1()+- with chitilde_1()+- --> W^(*)()+- chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 2 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)


pdgid: S046SBT
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-, btilde --> t chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W+- chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 2 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046SBT
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- + >=2 b-jets, btilde --> t chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W+- chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets + notET + c-jets, like Tstop9 but extended to on-shell ttilde --> t chitilde_1()0 decays, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0, B(ttilde --> t chitilde_1()0) = 50%


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 disappearing track+ notET, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ~ mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 200 GeV, ctau(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 10 cm


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 disappearing track+ notET, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ~ mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1050 GeV, ctau(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 200 cm


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets + notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 100 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets + notET, Tstop1 (50%) or Tstop2 (50%),  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + b-jets + notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-++b-jets+notET, Tstop11, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)=(mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(leptontilde) = (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)- mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2 + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0),  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-++b-jets+notET, Tstop11, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)=(mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(leptontilde) = 0.05 (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)- mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0),  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) =0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-++b-jets+notET, Tstop11, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)=(mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(leptontilde) = 0.95 (mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)- mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0),  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) =0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + jets + notET, Tstop1,  |mass(ttilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) - 175 GeV| < 30 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ or 2 b-jets and notET , ttilde_{{2}} with ttilde_2 --> ttilde_1 Z , ttilde_1 --> b f f^' chitilde_1()0,  Deltam(ttilde_{{1}}, chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 40 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- + jets, ttilde_1 --> t chitilde_2()0, chitilde_2()0 --> chitilde_1()+- W, chitilde_1()+- --> chitilde_1()0 W, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ~ mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- + jet + notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- + jet + notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2,  50 < mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 425 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- + jet + notET, Tstop8,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- + jet + notET, Tstop8,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 350 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tstop7, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) = 200 GeV, B(ttilde_2 --> ttilde_1 H) = 100%


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tstop7, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) = 200 GeV, B(ttilde_2 --> ttilde_1 Z) = 100%


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tstop7, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) = 200 GeV, B(ttilde_2 --> ttilde_1 Z) = B(ttilde_2 --> ttilde_1 H) = 50%


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
tau+- tau-+ + b-jets + notET, Tstop11, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.5 (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(tautilde) = 0.5 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) , mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2lepton (soft) + notET, Tstop10, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 40 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=3lepton+- + jets + notET, Tstop7, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) = 200 GeV, BR(ttilde_2 --> ttilde_1 H) = 100%


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=3lepton+- + jets + notET, Tstop7, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) = 200 GeV, BR(ttilde_2 --> ttilde_1 Z) = 100%


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=3lepton+- + jets + notET, Tstop7, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) = 200 GeV, BR(ttilde_2 --> ttilde_1 Z) = BR(ttilde_2 --> ttilde_1 H) = 50%


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + b-jets + notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
Combination of all-hadronic, 1 lepton+- and lepton+- lepton-+ searches, Tstop1, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
Combination of all-hadronic, 1 lepton+- and lepton+- lepton-+ searches, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + b-jets + notET, Tstop11, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.5 (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(leptontilde) = 0.5 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + b-jets + notET, Tstop11, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.5 (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(leptontilde) = 0.95 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + b-jets + notET, Tstop11, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.5 (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(leptontilde) = 0.05 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-, Tstop10, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 40 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
Combination of all-hadronic and 1 lepton+- searches, Tstop3, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 30 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
Combination of all-hadronic and 1 lepton+- searches, Tstop10, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 60 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(ttilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 2 mass(W)


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ , Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- / 3 lepton + jets + notET, Tstop11, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 100 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
b-jets+notET, mixture Tstop1 and Tstop2 with BR=50%, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets+notET, mixture of Tstop1 and Tstop2 with BR=50%, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)  - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + notET, Tstop1 (offshell t),  mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) ~ mass(W)


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + notET, Tstop2,  mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 10 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1 or more jets+notET, Tstop8, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.25 mass(ttilde) + 0.75 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 225 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.75 mass(ttilde) + 0.25 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1lepton+jets+notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1lepton+jets+notET, Tstop8, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tstop8, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tstop10, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, 10 GeV < mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 80 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 jets+notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(ttilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1jets+notET, Tstop8, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
0, 1 lepton+-+jets+notET (combination), Tstop8, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1 or 2 lepton+-+jets+b-jets notET, Tstop2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.75 mass(ttilde_{{1}}) + 0.25 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
B(ttilde --> c chitilde_1()0)+B(ttilde --> b f f^' chitilde_1()0) = 1, mass(ttilde)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 10 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
B(ttilde --> t chitilde_1()0) + B(ttilde --> b chitilde_1()+-) = 1, chitilde_1()+- --> W^(*)() chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 2mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 160 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
ttilde_2 --> Z ttilde_1, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 180 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
ttilde_2 --> h ttilde_1, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 180 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
ttilde --> t chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0, mass(ttilde) > mass(t) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
ttilde --> t chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV,  mass(ttilde) > mass(t) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
ttilde --> t chitilde_1()0 or ttilde --> b chitilde_1()+-, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4 jets + notET, B(ttilde_1 --> b chitilde_1()+-) = 50 %, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 2 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 60 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + jets + notET, ttilde_1 --> b chitilde_1()+-, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 2 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), 100 GeV < mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 150 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ final state, ttilde_1 --> b chitilde_1()+-, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 10 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=3lepton+-, ttilde --> ( b chitilde_1()+- / t chitilde_1()0 ), chitilde_1()+- --> ( q q^' / lepton nu ) chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> ( H / Z ) Gtilde, GMSB, natural higgsino NLSP scenario


pdgid: S046STP
place: N
technique: THEO
comment:
W W xsection, ttilde_1 --> b W chitilde_1()0, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) ~= mass(b) + mass(W) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)


pdgid: S046STP
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
Z+b notET, ttilde_1 --> t chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> Z Gtilde, natural GMSB, 100 GeV < mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < mass(ttilde_{{1}})-10 GeV


pdgid: S046STP
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
ttilde_1 --> b chitilde_1()+-r, chitilde_1()+- --> f f^' chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> H Gtilde simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)- mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV,GMSB


pdgid: S046STV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + b-jets + many jets, Tstop14, lambda(323)**'' electroweakino decay, 500 GeV < mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 800 GeV


pdgid: S046STV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + b-jets + many jets, Tstop15, lambda(323)**''  electroweakino decay, 600 GeV < mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 900 GeV


pdgid: S046STV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + b-jets + many jets, Tstop1, lambda(323)**'', electroweakino decay, 500 GeV < mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 1000 GeV


pdgid: S046STV
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+- + >=7 jets, Tstop1 with  chitilde_1()0 --> q q q, lambda_{{abc}}^'' coupling, a,b,c in {1,2}


pdgid: S046STV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=1lepton+ >=8 jets, Tstop1 with chitilde_1()0 --> t b s, lambda_{{323}}^'' coupling, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=500 GeV


pdgid: S046STV
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
tau + b-jets, LQDbar, lambda_{{3jk}}^'()not=0 (jnot==3), ttilde --> chitilde()+- b, chitilde()+- --> q q tau+- simplified model


pdgid: S046STV
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
ttilde --> t chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> lepton lepton nu, lambda_{{121}} or lambda_{{122}}not=0


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2 same-sign/3lepton + jets, Tglu1A, RPV,  with chitilde_1()0 --> lepton q q , 300 GeV <mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 2000 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 disappearing track+ notET, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ~ mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1500 GeV, ctau(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 200 cm


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 disappearing track+ notET, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) ~ mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 250 GeV, ctau(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 10 cm


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 displ. vertex + notET, split SUSY, ctau = 1 -- 100 mm, Deltam (gtilde, chitilde_{{1}}()0 ) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1 displ. vertex + notET, split SUSY, ctau = 1 -- 30 mm, Deltam (gtilde, chitilde_{{1}}()0 ) > 50 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=1 gamma + jets + notET, GGM-like, Tglu4D, chitilde_{{1}}()0 NLSP, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) > 300 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=1 gamma + jets + notET, GGM-like, Tglu4G, chitilde_{{1}}()0 NLSP, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) > 350 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2 SFOS lepton, jets, notET, Tglu1H, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, ,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
At least 3 b-tagged jets, 0 or 1 lepton, Tglu3E, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 2 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
lepton+-  + >= 5 jets, 0 b-jets, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.5(mass(gtilde)+ mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + jets + notET, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 400 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + jets + notET, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 1000 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets in empty bunch crossings, Tglu1A, long-lived R-hadron, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV, E-5 s < meanlife(R-hadron) <  E3 s


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets in empty bunch crossings, Tglu1A, long-lived R-hadron, mass(gtilde)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV, E-5 s < meanlife(R-hadron) <  E3 s


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets + notET, Tglu3C,   mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 600 GeV, mass(ttilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 20 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets + notET, Tglu3D,   mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 700 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 5 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=1gamma +  notET, Tglu4A, BR(gtilde -->  qq chitilde_1()+-)=0.5,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) ~= mass(gtilde)


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tglu1H, mass(gtilde) - mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = 50 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1lepton + jets, Tglu3C, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)= 175 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 1150 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tglu3B, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)= 175 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tglu3C, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)= 20 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tglu3D, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tglu1C, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tglu1C, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)= mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)+20 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 20 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
2 jets, Stealth SUSY, Tglu1A and chitilde_1()0 --> Stilde gamma (Stilde --> S Gtilde), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 200 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: B
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tglu1C, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)=mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)= 0.5(mass(gtilde)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4 jets and disappearing tracks from chitilde+- --> chitilde_1()0 pi+-, modified Tglu1A or Tglu1B, chitilde+- lifetime 0.2 ns, mass(chitilde+-) = 460 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets+notET, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)=0.5(mass(gtilde)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1lepton + jets, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 300 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1lepton + jets, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 950 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=3lepton+- + jets + notET, Tglu1C, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
top quark (hadronically decaying) + jets + notET, Tglu3B, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 200 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
top quark (hadronically decaying) + jets + notET, Tglu3C, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 20 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
top quark (hadronically decaying) + jets + notET, Tglu3E, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
2 same-flavor, opposite-sign lepton + jets + notET, Tglu1H, mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) = (mass(gtilde)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 400 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1lepton, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 725 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1lepton, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 850 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=3lepton+-, 2 jets, Tglu1C, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1 or more jets+notET, Tglu3D, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1 or more jets+notET, Tglu3B, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1 or more jets+notET, Tglu3C, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 20 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1lepton+jets+b-jets+notET, Tglu3B, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tglu1C, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0) =  (mass(gtilde)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
jets+notET, Tglu3D, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1000 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- + jets + notET, Tglu3D, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 5 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- + jets + notET, Tglu3B, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 175 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- + jets + notET, Tglu3C, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 20 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- + jets + notET, Tglu1B, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- + jets + notET, Tglu1B, mass(ttilde_{{1}})-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 20 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4 jets + notET, Tglu1B,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = (mass(gtilde)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=200GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
1lepton, >=4 jets, notET, Tglu1B,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)= (mass(gtilde) + mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0))/2, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)= 100 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
boosted W+b,  Tglu3C, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)<80GeV,mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)<400GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
boosted W+b,  Tglu3B, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=175 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=0 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-,  Tglu3B, mass(ttilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) =  20 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-,  Tglu3B, mass(ttilde)- mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=20 GeV,mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)<700 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-,Tglu1B,mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)= 0.5(mass(gtilde)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)),mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)<400GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-,Tglu1B,mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)= 0.5(mass(gtilde)+mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)),mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)<700GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-,  Tglu3B,  mass(ttilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) =  mass(t), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 0


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-,  Tglu3B,  mass(ttilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) =  mass(t), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 800 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton+-, gtilde --> q qbar chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> lepton+- lepton-+ Gtilde, tan(beta) = 30, GGM


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
multijets + notET, gtilde --> t tbar chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 100 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
multijets + notET, gtilde --> q qbar W / Z chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 100 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
1lepton+-+ jets +>=2b-jets, gtilde --> t tbar chi_1()0 simplified model, mass(chi_{{1}}()0)=0 GeV, mass(ttilde)> mass(gtilde)


pdgid: S046GNO
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
>=3lepton+-, ( gtilde / qtilde ) --> q lepton+- lepton-+ Gtilde simplified model, GMSB, slepton co-NLSP scenario


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton-+ + jets + notET, Tglu1H, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1 GeV, any mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets+notET, Tglu1C-like, 1/2 BR per decay mode,  any mass(chitilde_{{2}}()0)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 60 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
b-jets, gtilde --> ttilde_1 t and ttilde_1 --> b chitilde_1()+-, mass(T_{{1}}) < 1000 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 60 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets, gtilde --> q q chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> Z Gtilde, GGM, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 400 GeV and 3 < ctau(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 500 mm


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets or notET, gtilde --> q q chitilde_1()0, Split SUSY, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV and 15 < ctau < 300 mm


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
notET, gtilde --> q q chitilde_1()0, Split SUSY, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV and 20 < ctau < 250 mm


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=3 b-jets + notET,  gtilde --> btilde_1() b chitilde_1()0 simplified model, btilde_1() --> b chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 60 GeV, mass(btilde_{{1}}()) < 900 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=3 b-jets + notET, gtilde --> ttilde_1() t chitilde_1()0 simplified model, ttilde_1() --> t chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 60 GeV, mass(ttilde_{{1}}()) < 1000 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=3 b-jets + notET, gtilde --> ttilde_1() t chitilde_1()0 simplified model, ttilde_1() --> b chitilde_1()+-, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)=2mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=60 GeV, mass(ttilde_{{1}}())<1000 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=3 b-jets + notET, gtilde --> b bbar chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 400 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=3 b-jets + notET, gtilde --> t tbar chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 400 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=3 b-jets + notET, gtilde --> t bbar chitilde_1()+- simplified model, chitilde_1()+- -->  f f^' chitilde_1()0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-)-mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 2 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 300 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton+- ( lepton-+ ) + jets, gtilde --> t ttilde_1 with ttilde_1 --> b chitilde_1()+- simplified model, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) < 200 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 118 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 60 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton+- ( lepton-+ ) + jets, gtilde --> t ttilde_1 with ttilde_1 --> c chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(ttilde_{{1}}) = mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) + 20 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton+- ( lepton-+ ) + jets, gtilde --> q q^' chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W^(*)()+- chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 2 mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0), mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 400 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton+- ( lepton-+ ) + jets, gtilde --> q q^' chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W^(*)()+- chitilde_2()0, chitilde_2()0 --> Z^(*)() chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 520 GeV


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- lepton+- ( lepton-+ ) + jets, gtilde --> q q^' chitilde_1()+- / chitilde_2()0, chitilde_1()+- --> lepton+- nu chitilde_1()0, chitilde_2()0 --> lepton+- lepton-+ ( nu nu ) chitilde_1()0 simplified model


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-, gtilde --> t tbar chitilde_1()0 simplified model, massless chitilde_{{1}}()0


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-, gtilde --> q q^' chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W+- chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 0.5 mass(gtilde), massless chitilde_{{1}}()0


pdgid: S046GNO
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+-, gtilde --> b tbar chitilde_1()+-, chitilde_1()+- --> W+- chitilde_1()0 simplified model, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()+-) = 300 GeV, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + b-jets + many jets, Tglu3F, lambda(323)**'' electroweakino decay, 500 GeV <  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 1600 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + b-jets + many jets, Tglu3G, lambda(323)**'' electroweakino decay, 600 GeV < mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 1600 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + b-jets + many jets, Tglu3B, lambda(323)**'' electroweakino decay, 600 GeV < mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 1600 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton+- + b-jets + many jets, Tglu1A, lambda^', chitilde_{{1}}()0 decay with equal probability into e, mu, nu_{{e}}, nu_{{mu}}, 400 GeV < mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 1700 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, Tglu1A with chitilde_1()0 --> lepton+- lepton-+ nu, lambda_{{12k}} not= 0,  mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 2200 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=4lepton, Tglu1A with chitilde_1()0 --> lepton+- lepton-+ nu, lambda_{{i33}} not= 0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 1550 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- or >=3lepton+- + jets, gtilde --> q q qbar qbar + e / mu / tau simplified model


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=1lepton+ >=8 jets, Tglu3A and chitilde_1()0 --> u d s , lambda_{{112}}^'' coupling, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=1000 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=1lepton+ >=8 jets, gtilde --> t ttilde, ttilde --> b s , lambda_{{323}}^'' coupling, mass(ttilde)=1000 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=1lepton+ >=8 jets, Tglu1A and chitilde_1()0 --> q q l , lambda^' coupling, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=1000 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- / 3 lepton + jets + notET, Tglu3A, lambda_{{112}}^'' coupling, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 50 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- / 3 lepton + jets + notET, Tglu1A and chitilde_1()0 --> q q lepton, lambda^' coupling


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- / 3 lepton + jets + notET, gtilde --> t ttilde_1 and ttilde_1 --> s d , lambda_{{321}}^'' coupling


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- / 3 lepton + jets + notET, gtilde --> t ttilde_1 and ttilde_1 --> b d , lambda_{{313}}^'' coupling


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
same-sign lepton+- lepton+- / 3 lepton + jets + notET, dtilde_R --> t b (t s), lambda_{{313}}^'' (lambda_{{321}}^'') coupling


pdgid: S046GNV
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=7 jets+notET, large R-jets and/or b-jets, gtilde --> t ttilde_1 and ttilde_1 --> b s, lambda_{{323}}^'' coupling


pdgid: S046GNV
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
jets and large R-jets, Tglu2RPV and chitilde_1()0 --> q q q, lambda^'' coupling, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=1000 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: N
technique: CMS
comment:
gtilde --> q q chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> lepton lepton nu, lambda_{{121}} or lambda_{{122}}not=0, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)> 400 GeV


pdgid: S046GNV
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
lepton lepton/Z, gtilde --> (e e / mu mu / e mu ) q q, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 400 GeV and 0.7 < ctau(chitilde_{{1}}()0) < 3E5 mm


pdgid: S046GNV
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
>=10 jets, gtilde --> q qbar chitilde_1()0, chitilde_1()0 --> q q q, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0)=500 GeV


pdgid: S046LGN
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
long-lived gtilde, p p --> gtilde gtilde, gtilde --> q qbar chitilde_1()0, mini-split, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) =100 GeV, 7 < ctau < 360 mm


pdgid: S046LGN
place: U
technique: CMS
comment:
long-lived gtilde, p p --> gtilde gtilde, gtilde --> t b s, lambda_{{323}}^'' coupling, 3 < ctau< 1000 mm


pdgid: S046LGN
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
gtilde --> ( g / q qbar) chitilde_1()0, lifetime 10 ns, mass(gtilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


pdgid: S046LGN
place: U
technique: ATLS
comment:
gtilde --> ( g / q qbar) chitilde_1()0, lifetime 1 ns, mass(gtilde) - mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV ~


pdgid: S046LGN
place: N
technique: ATLS
comment:
R-hadrons, gtilde --> g / q qbar chitilde_1()0, generic R-hadron model, lifetime between 10**-5 and 10**3 s, mass(chitilde_{{1}}()0) = 100 GeV


