Particle Data Group

Authors

of the 2014 edition.

K.A. Olive et al. (Particle Data Group), Chin. Phys. C, 38, 090001 (2014).

AUTHORS:

K.A. Olive, ¹ K. Agashe, ² C. Amsler, ³ M. Antonelli, ⁴ J.-F. Arguin, ⁵ D.M. Asner, ⁶ H. Baer, ⁷ H.R. Band, ⁸ R.M. Barnett, ⁹ T. Basaglia, ¹⁰ C.W. Bauer, ⁹ J.J. Beatty, ¹¹ V.I. Belousov, ¹² J. Beringer, ⁹ G. Bernardi, ¹³ S. Bethke, ¹⁴ H. Bichsel, ¹⁵ O. Biebel, ¹⁶ E. Blucher, ¹⁷ S. Blusk, ¹⁸ G. Brooijmans, ¹⁹ O. Buchmueller, ²⁰ V. Burkert, ²¹ M.A. Bychkov, ²² R.N. Cahn, ⁹ M. Carena, ^23,^17,²⁴ A. Ceccucci, ¹⁰ A. Cerri, ²⁵ D. Chakraborty, ²⁶ M.-C. Chen, ²⁷ R.S. Chivukula, ²⁸ K. Copic, ⁹ G. Cowan, ²⁹ O. Dahl, ⁹ G. D'Ambrosio, ³⁰ T. Damour, ³¹ D. de Florian, ³² A. de Gouvea, ³³ T. DeGrand, ³⁴ P. de Jong, ³⁵ G. Dissertori, ³⁶ B.A. Dobrescu, ²³ M. Doser, ¹⁰ M. Drees, ³⁷ H.K. Dreiner, ³⁷ D.A. Edwards, ³⁸ S. Eidelman, ^39,^141, J. Erler, ^40,^41, V.V. Ezhela, ¹² W. Fetscher, ³⁶ B.D. Fields, ^{42,43 ¶} B. Foster, ^44,38,45 A. Freitas, ⁴⁶ T.K. Gaisser, ⁴⁷ H. Gallagher, ⁴⁸ L. Garren, ²³ H.-J. Gerber, ³⁶ G. Gerbier, ⁴⁹ T. Gershon, ⁵⁰ T. Gherghetta, ¹ S. Golwala, ⁵¹ M. Goodman, ⁵² C. Grab, ³⁶ A.V. Gritsan, ⁵³ C. Grojean, ⁵⁴ D.E. Groom, ⁹ M. Grünewald, ^55,56 A. Gurtu, ^57,10 T. Gutsche, ⁵⁸ H.E. Haber, ^59,9 K. Hagiwara, ⁶⁰ C. Hanhart, ⁶¹ S. Hashimoto, ⁶⁰ Y. Hayato, ⁶² K.G. Hayes, ⁶³ M. Heffner, ⁶⁴ B. Heltsley, ⁶⁵ J.J. Hernández-Rey, ⁶⁶ K. Hikasa, ⁶⁷ A. Höcker, ¹⁰ J. Holder, ^68,⁴⁷ A. Holtkamp, ¹⁰ J. Huston, ²⁸ J.D. Jackson, ⁹ K.F. Johnson, ⁶⁹ T. Junk, ²³ M. Kado, ^70,10 D. Karlen, ⁷¹ U.F. Katz, ⁷² S.R. Klein, ⁷³ E. Klempt, ⁷⁴ R.V. Kowalewski, ⁷¹ F. Krauss, ⁷⁵ M. Kreps, ⁵⁰ B. Krusche, ⁷⁶ Yu.V. Kuyanov, ¹² Y. Kwon, ⁷⁷ O. Lahav, ⁷⁸ J. Laiho, ¹⁸ P. Langacker, ⁷⁹ A. Liddle, ⁸⁰ Z. Ligeti, ⁹ C.-J. Lin, ⁹ T.M. Liss, ⁸¹ L. Littenberg, ⁸² K.S. Lugovsky, ¹² S.B. Lugovsky, ¹² F. Maltoni, ⁸³ T. Mannel, ⁸⁴ A.V. Manohar, ⁸⁵ W.J. Marciano, ⁸² A.D. Martin, ⁷⁵ A. Masoni, ⁸⁶ J. Matthews, ⁸⁷ D. Milstead, ⁸⁸ P. Molaro, ⁸⁹ K. Mönig, ⁹⁰ F. Moortgat, ¹⁰ M.J. Mortonson, ^91,9 H. Murayama, ^92,^93,⁹ K. Nakamura, ^92,^60, M. Narain, ⁹⁴ P. Nason, ⁹⁵ S. Navas, ⁹⁶ M. Neubert, ⁹⁷ P. Nevski, ⁸² Y. Nir, ⁹⁸ L. Pape, ³⁶ J. Parsons, ¹⁹ C. Patrignani, ⁹⁹ J.A. Peacock, ⁸⁰ M. Pennington, ²¹ S.T. Petcov, ^100,^92,¹⁰¹ A. Piepke, ¹⁰² A. Pomarol, ¹⁰³ A. Quadt, ¹⁰⁴ S. Raby, ¹¹ J. Rademacker, ¹⁰⁵ G. Raffelt, ¹⁰⁶ B.N. Ratcliff, ¹⁰⁷ P. Richardson, ⁷⁵ A. Ringwald, ³⁸ S. Roesler, ¹⁰ S. Rolli, ¹⁰⁸ A. Romaniouk, ¹⁰⁹ L.J. Rosenberg, ¹⁵ J.L. Rosner, ¹⁷ G. Rybka, ¹⁵ C.T. Sachrajda, ¹¹⁰ Y. Sakai, ⁶⁰ G.P. Salam, ^10,111 S. Sarkar, ^112,113 F. Sauli, ¹⁰ O. Schneider, ¹¹⁴ K. Scholberg, ¹¹⁵ D. Scott, ¹¹⁶ V. Sharma, ⁸⁵ S.R. Sharpe, ¹⁵ M. Silari, ¹⁰ T. Sjöstrand, ¹¹⁷ P. Skands, ^10,118 J.G. Smith, ³⁴ G.F. Smoot, ^119,93,9 S. Spanier, ¹²⁰ H. Spieler, ⁹ C. Spiering, ⁹⁰ A. Stahl, ¹²¹ T. Stanev, ⁴⁷ S.L. Stone, ¹⁸ T. Sumiyoshi, ¹²² M.J. Syphers, ¹²³ F. Takahashi, ⁶⁷ M. Tanabashi, ¹²⁴ J. Terning, ¹²⁵ L. Tiator, ⁴¹ M. Titov, ¹²⁶ N.P. Tkachenko, ¹² N.A. Törnqvist, ¹²⁷ D. Tovey, ¹²⁸ G. Valencia, ¹²⁹ G. Venanzoni, ⁴ M.G. Vincter, ¹³⁰ P. Vogel, ¹³¹ A. Vogt, ¹³² S.P. Wakely, ^17,24 W. Walkowiak, ⁸⁴ C.W. Walter, ¹¹⁵ D.R. Ward, ¹³³ G. Weiglein, ³⁸ D.H. Weinberg, ¹³⁴ E.J. Weinberg, ¹⁹ M. White, ^93,9 L.R. Wiencke, ¹³⁵ C.G. Wohl, ⁹ L. Wolfenstein, ¹³⁶ J. Womersley, ¹³⁷ C.L. Woody, ⁸² R.L. Workman, ¹³⁸ A. Yamamoto, ⁶⁰ W. -M. Yao, ⁹ G.P. Zeller, ²³ O.V. Zenin, ^12,142 J. Zhang, ¹³⁹ R.-Y. Zhu, ¹⁴⁰ F. Zimmermann, ¹⁰ P.A. Zyla ⁹

Technical Associates:

G. Harper, ⁹ V.S. Lugovsky, ¹² P. Schaffner, ⁹

1. University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church St., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
2. University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742-4111, USA
3. Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Universität Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
4. Lab. Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN; CP 13, via E. Fermi, 40; I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
5. Département de physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. centre-ville, Montréal (Québec) H3C 3J7, Canada
6. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019,USA
8. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
9. Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
10. CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
11. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
12. COMPAS Group, Institute for High Energy Physics, RU-142284, Protvino, Russia
13. LPNHE, IN2P3-CNRS et Universités de Paris 6 et 7, F-75252 Paris, France
14. Max-Planck-Institute of Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
15. Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
16. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Fakultät für Physik, Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
17. Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637-1433, USA
18. Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
19. Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
20. High Energy Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
21. Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave., Newport News, VA 23606, USA
22. Department of Physics, University of Virginia, PO Box 400714, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
23. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
24. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637-1433, USA
25. Deaprtment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
26. Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
27. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
28. Michigan State University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, MI 48824-2320, USA
29. Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
30. INFN - Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
31. Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, F-91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France
32. Departamento de F'isica, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pab. 1, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Capital Federal, Argentina
33. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
34. Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
35. Nikhef, P.O.Box 41882, 1009 DB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
36. Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
37. Universität Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
38. Deutches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
39. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
40. Departamento de Física Téorica, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
41. Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
42. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
43. Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
44. University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
45. Denys Wilkinson Building, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
46. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 3941 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
47. Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
48. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
49. CEA/Saclay, DSM/IRFU, BP 2, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
50. Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
51. California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, Mail Code 367-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
52. Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439-4815, USA
53. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
54. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
55. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Ghent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
56. School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
57. (now retired) TIFR, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, India
58. Institut für Theoretische Physik; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 14; D-72076 Tübingen; Germany
59. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
60. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0801, Japan
61. Institut für Kernphysik and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
62. Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
63. Department of Physics, Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, MI 49242, USA
64. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
65. Laboratory of Elementary-Particle Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
66. IFIC --- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Universitat de València --- C.S.I.C., E-46071 València, Spain
67. Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
68. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
69. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
70. LAL, IN2P3-CNRS et Univ. de Paris 11; F-91898 Orsay CEDEX, France
71. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada
72. University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen Centre of Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Romnel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
73. Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
74. Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
75. Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
76. Institute of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
77. Yonsei University, Department of Physics, 134 Sinchon-dong, Sudaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
78. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
79. School of Natural Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
80. Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, Scotland, UK
81. Dvision of Science, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
82. Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
83. Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CP3), Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
84. Department für Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57068 Siegen, Germany
85. Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
86. INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
87. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
88. Fysikum, Stockholms Universitet, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
89. INAF-OATS via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
90. DESY-Zeuthen, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
91. The Space Science Laboratory (SSL), University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
92. Kavli IPMU (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
93. Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
94. Brown University, Department of Physics, 182 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
95. INFN, Sez. di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
96. Dpto. de Física Tóorica y del Cosmos & C.A.F.P.E., Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
97. PRISMA Cluster of Excellence and Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
98. Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
99. Dipartimento di Fisica e INFN, Università di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
100. SISSA/INFN, via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy
101. INRNE, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
102. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, 206 Gallalee Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
103. Departament de Física, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
104. Georg-Augst-Universität Göttingen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
105. HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
106. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Föhringer Ring 6, D-80805 München, Germany
107. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
108. DOE, 1000 Independence Ave, SW, SC-25 Germantown Bldg, Washington, DC 20585, USA
109. National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31, Kashirskoye shosse; 115409 Moscow; Russia
110. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton S017 1BJ, UK
111. (on leave from) LPTHE, UPMC Université de Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7589, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
112. Rudolph Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, UK
113. Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
114. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
115. Physics Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
116. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
117. Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
118. School of Physics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
119. Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics, APC (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75013 France
120. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
121. III. Physikalisches Institut, Physikzentrum, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
122. High Energy Physics Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
123. Michigan State University, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
124. Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0028, Japan
125. Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
126. CEA/Saclay, B.P.2, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur Yvette Cedex, France
127. Department of Physics, POB 64 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
128. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
129. Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
130. Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
131. California Institute of Technology, Kellogg Radiation Laboratory 106-38, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
132. Division of Theoretical Physics, Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
133. Cavendish Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
134. Department of Astronomy and CCAPP, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
135. Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
136. Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
137. STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
138. Department of Physics, George Washington University Virginia Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147-2604, USA
139. IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
140. California Institute of Technology, High Energy Physics, MC 256-48, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
141. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
142. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), RU-141700, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russian Federation

The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231; by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Agreement No. PHY-0652989; by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN); by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States (DOE) on cooperative research and development; and by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).

¶ The work of B.D.F. was supported by the U.S. National Sciency Foundation Grant PHY-1214082.